柴北缘锡铁山两类榴辉岩的退变质过程 及其对俯冲带折返机制的制约

榴辉岩作为俯冲带中重要的岩石类型保存有丰富的地球动力学信息。对榴辉岩及其退变质岩石的研究有助于建立俯冲带演化的p-T轨迹,了解俯冲岩石在折返过程中温压条件及矿物相的变化,从而对俯冲带折返的动力学机制进行限定。对柴北缘锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩及含多硅白云母榴辉岩进行了详细的岩石学研究。在NC（K）FMASH体系中对两类榴辉岩进行变质相平衡模拟,得到双矿物榴辉岩的峰期温压条件为745~790℃,大于2.8~3.0GPa（M1）,后经历等温降压过程达到角闪石榴辉岩岩相（670~770℃,1.6~2.2GPa,M2）,与含多硅白云母榴辉岩经历了相同的折返过程。锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩的原岩具有N-MORB的地球化学特征,而含多硅白云母榴辉岩则显示E-MORB或者OIB特征,二者原岩成分存在明显差异。两类榴辉岩的p-T演化过程和地球化学特征表明,锡铁山双矿物榴辉岩与含多硅白云母榴辉岩矿物学特征的差异是其原岩的多源性造成的,而与俯冲后折返过程中的退变质作用无必然联系。     

Geomorphic response to growing fault-related folds: example from the foothills of central Taiwan

Abstract

In this paper we concentrate particularly on the geomorphological indicators left by active tectonics. In the central foothills of Taiwan, we used topography, drainage pattern and structural data to perform quantitative morphometric analysis and to determine relative age of fault-related anticlines. The Tiehchen, Tatu and Pakua ridge belt is a fault-related anticline system located in the hanging wall of the Changhua fault along the western thrust front of the foothills. Geomorphic systems are analysed with intent to detect the various responses of landforms and drainage pattern to late Quaternary deformation. Topography and drainage basin register uplift and are valuable tools to discriminate lateral propagation of an active frontal fold. Geomorphic field evidence and quantitative morphometric parameters are used to define the evolution of the rising anticline ridges and to infer tectonism style along an active front. Geometry of alluvial fans, formed along the frontal side of the anticlines, and weathered terrace deposits provide relevant information on neotectonics. Knowledge concerning these younger anticline ridges, makes this area a good example of an actively forming mountain front. We discuss in detail the origin of N045°, N095 and N120° trending oblique fault scarps which delimite numerous fault blocks. The fault scarps morphology is characterized by imbricate talus facets. Steeper topography accompanied by breaks in the slope along some transverse profiles, seems to correspond to the traces of successive uplifts. © 2001 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS     

滇西哀牢山变质岩系锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

哀牢山-红河构造带是滇西地区最著名的带状变质带之一,其主体由哀牢山深变质岩系(哀牢山岩群)组成,一直被认为是扬子陆块古元古代结晶基底.本文选取哀牢山深变质岩系内的花岗片麻岩(11 ALl7-1和11AL09-1)和石英岩(11AL08-1),以及邻区的花岗岩(11ALl2-1)进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年.结果显示,花岗片麻岩11 ALl7-1有岩浆和变质两类锆石,两者的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为700±6Ma(MSWD=1.4,n=14)和27.4±1.2Ma(MSWD=1.9,n=3),代表原岩形成时代和变质年龄.花岗片麻岩llAL09-1岩浆锆石206 pb/238U年龄为220±3Ma(MSWD=3.1,n=14),变质锆石年龄为31.2±2.3Ma(MSWD =6,n=5),分别代表原岩结晶时代和后期变质年龄.石英岩11AL08-1中所有锆石具有核-边结构,92颗锆石核部年龄集中分布在6组,分别为493～528Ma(n=42)、635 ～ 640Ma(n=2)、701～784Ma(n=44)、976 ～980Ma(n=2)、1839Ma(n=1)和2487Ma(n=1).92个核部分析点具有高的Th/U比值(＞0.23),指示岩浆来源.最年轻一组的42个核部年龄加权平均值为509Ma,代表石英岩原岩的最大沉积时代.7颗锆石变质边年龄为26～ 75 Ma内,代表变质年龄.花岗岩11 ALl2-1锆石206pb/238U年龄加权平均值为750±4Ma(MSWD =0.6),代表岩石形成时代.这些年龄表明哀牢山变质岩系是一个原岩复杂的变质杂岩带,它的原始物质至少包含新元古代～ 700Ma岩浆岩、～509 Ma沉积地层及220 ～ 240Ma的岩浆岩和地层,而不是以往认为的古元古代结晶基底.现今所见的哀牢山岩群“古老”岩石面貌主要是由地质历史上的浅变质或未变质的地层和岩浆岩在新生代26～31Ma发生变质变形作用改造的结果.哀牢山变质带的源区物质特征和主要岩浆事件与扬子陆块西缘十分相似,具有亲扬子的构造属性.     

The influence of Late Cretaceous synsedimentary deformation on the Cenozoic structuration of the middle Adriatic,Croatia

The primordially structural-lithofacial relationships in the Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP) of Croatia were formed by a Late Cretaceous synsedimentary tectonics. During Cenomanian, an extensional tectonic regime differentiated AdCP into several kilometres large paleoenvironmental segments which behaved as individual depocenteres. The latest Cenomanian and earliest Turonian were tectonically relatively quiet periods during which sediments only recorded a relative sea-level rise. Compression commenced during the middle Santonian and formed first (NW-SE) gentle folds in the frontal part of the Split-Dubrovnik thrust. These folds had amplitudes of tens to hundreds of metres and are up to ten kilometres in strike. The apical parts of the anticlines were dominated by shallow-marine deposition with short emergences simultaneously, slope deposition of pelagic sediments took place in the synclines. By the end of the Campanian, compression weakened and younger sediments infilled former depressions while the deposition ended in the Adriatic hinterland of Croatia. During the Maastrichtian the compression recommenced and the index of older folds increased while new folds and reverse faults were formed. Such deformations created a differentiated morphology at the surface subsequently overlaid by Palaeogene sediments. Clastic sediments accumulated indeed in this paleodepression during the Palaeogene and Miocene–Quaternary, forming favourable structural conditions for hydrocarbon generation.     

南北地震带强震迁移特征及其预测意义

在分析南北构造带构造体系的基础上，研究了该带强震的时空动态图象演化，结果表明，南北带的地震活动有如下特征：（１）经向迁移，其空间演化有步进型和步进折返型两种形态；（２）远程的快速响应；（３）诱发地震的链锁分布，该特征反映了强震间的相互耦合，对未来强震具有示踪意义，（４）时空可公度性，该结果对分析判定本带的地震趋势从而实现正确的预测具有实际意义。     

西秦岭铅锌矿床的层控多样性与岩相、Ⅱ级构造单元控矿

通过系统归纳西秦岭铅锌矿床的赋矿地层、Ⅱ级构造单元控矿事实认为,矿床的层控多样性在矿田域表现为时控和岩相控矿,层、相、位控矿模式在矿田具有普遍性;在更大的区域上则主要表现为岩相和Ⅱ级构造单元控矿。板内环境下的拉张和陆内叠覆环境下的具走滑性质的俯冲分别形成了热水沉积型和沉积改造型铅锌矿床;沉积成矿期盆地的裂陷程度及改造成矿期沿深断裂活动的岩浆作用决定了铅锌矿床产出的Ⅱ级构造单元。控矿因素的地球化学表征为铁族元素、亲硫元素与亲石元素三位一体产出。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震前重力变化<

利用青藏地区1998~2000年绝对重力和相对重力观测资料获得的区域重力场空间动态变化结果，初步分析了该区重力变化特征及其与监测区内8.1级大地震的关系．结果表明:①昆仑山口西8.1级大地震发生在重力负值变化高值区附近的重力变化高梯度带上；②8.1级大地震前的主要构造变形与能量积累在震中的南侧；③主震震中以东重力负值变化高值区的范围与野外地质考察结果的破裂区域吻合得较好；④重力负值变化高值区的分布与GPS观测给出的应变场第二剪应变高值区一致．      

松原市区域基底构造特征及演化分析

松辽盆地是大型中－新生代陆相沉积盆地，具民上坳双重结构，基底形态继承了海西期近ＥＷ向构造面貌，基底断裂控制了盆地ＮＥ向展布，总体上形成了北东向分带、南北向分区的柳和局。     

斜长石韵律环带的结晶速率方程及其动力学机制

根据物理化学基本原理,建立了斜长石韵律环带形成的数学模型。从晶体生长的基本原理出发,提出了按非连续机制生长的斜长石晶体结晶速率表达式。该速率表达式具有过饱和→成核→耗尽循环的反馈特征。斜长石中小尺度韵律环带起因于自组织过程,而与环境因素无关。其成因对应着相对静态的环境。     

贺兰山寒武纪早期苏峪口组水下冲积扇的发现及意义

寒武纪早期的苏峪口组是贺兰山地区地质历史重要转换时期的地质单位,长期被认为是近岸海滩沉积.通过3年来对苏峪口组的研究,新识别了苏峪口组沉积环境为一个水下冲积扇,在岩性、岩相、生物群等方面都有新的发现和新的认识.水下冲积扇以冲刷面为底,砾石成分比较复杂,具砾砂混杂、不等粒结构,内部发育递变层理,具重力流的沉积特征.全区辉绿岩脉锆石年龄集中在5.3～5.4 Ma,是开裂盆地早期出现的标志年龄,说明开裂盆地的出现是造成苏峪口组早中期水下冲积扇发育的主要原因.