中国东部中生代构造演变与聚煤作用的迁移

中生代期间，中国东部的构造演变具有从西向东不断发展，从南向北不断扩展的特点。正是这种从南向北的构造演变与潮湿气侯带由南向北的不断迁移相结合，决定了中生代聚煤作用不断地从南向北迁移。     

SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT IN NANQIN RESERVOIR

In order to preserve the storage capacity of the Nanqin Reservoir for long-term service, several remedial measures have been worked out: (a) measures to control the upstream extension of backwater deposits and to prevent gravel bed load from entering into the reservoir, so that no armour layer will be formed; (b) sediment sluicing by density current to reduce deposits of suspended load; (c) periodical sediment flushing by emptying reservoir to restore the effective storage capacity. In addition, conceptions of flood plain elevation in reservoir, storage volume required in the routing of turbid flow (density flow), the storage capacity that can be restored after being lost by deposition, and the storage volume for sediment regulation are also discussed.     

花岗岩的成岩作用和形成环境——存在的问题和解决的途径

本文针对当前花岗岩研究中存在的一些问题,结合笔者等近年来的工作,概述了进一步研究花岗岩成岩作用和形成环境的新思路。主要包括:(1)利用成分协变图,结合岩石包体成因类型的认识,探讨花岗岩化学演化进程;(2)在全面考察花岗岩的构造样式、岩石组合、岩浆演化和区域地壳不均一性基础上,分析花岗岩形成的构造背景。     

海南岛前寒武纪地层的确定其大地构造演化

通过钐—钕同位素测定,抱板群中的斜长角闪片岩、混合花岗片麻岩及其中的暗色包体等时线年龄分别为1.7Ga、1.4Ga和2.9Ga.用单矿物铅同位素测斜长角闪片岩、混合花岗片麻岩年龄分别为1.1～1.2Ga和940Ma.铷—锶全岩等时线法测得抱板群斜长角闪片岩和石碌群、抱板群中的云母片岩为1.3Ga和1.2Ga。因此,海南岛存在着前寒武纪地层,其中,具有花岗—绿岩且含有玄武质科马提岩组合的抱板群是前寒武纪结晶基底或前地槽构造层.石碌群是地槽早期发展阶段形成的构造亚层。海南岛大地构造演化经历了前地槽(X)、地槽(Ⅰ)、地台(Ⅱ)、地洼(Ⅲ)等多个发展阶段。     

黑龙江十五里桥金矿龙江组火山岩地球化学特征及构造背景分析

对十五里桥龙江组岩性组合与地球化学研究结果表明：龙江组火山岩SiO₂为53.56%~73.43%，Al₂O₃为14.90%~18.74%，K₂O为1.76%~4.20%，为高钾钙碱性系列.样品稀土元素标准化配分曲线表现为轻重稀土分馏明显，显示弱的铕负异常或无异常.微量元素标准化配分曲线表现为富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）Rb、K、Sr、Ba，亏损高场强元素（HFSE）Nb、Ta、Ti.样品Rb/Sr比值介于0.04~0.43，Ti/Y比值介于144.23~492.19.在构造环境判别图解上，样品位于火山弧区和大陆弧、后碰撞弧区，表明龙江组是板块俯冲和碰撞造山转换背景下下地壳部分熔融的产物.     

滇西南昌宁-孟连带南皮河群地层、沉积特征及其构造古地理意义

南皮河群位于滇西南昌宁－孟连带西区，其地层序列已受到后期构造作用改造，总体呈无序状态，但其内部的各岩片地层仍保持相对连续的地层层序、据此，我们将南皮河群划分为下、中、上段，对其中各段的沉积特征和构造背景作了详细研究。甫皮河群下段为一套浊流、滑塌浊流、碎屑流和等深流沉积类型；中、上段为深水洋盆边缘沉积类型、其沉积构造背景为被动大陆边缘呈拉张状态的深水陆坡－洋盆边缘环境，物源区为西侧的保山－耿马地块。     

中国东部新生代火山岩的地质特征及火山作用发育的某些共同规律

中国东部从黑龙江到海南岛的广大范围内新生代玄武岩广泛发育。根据构造关系笔者把本区划分为三个部分：北、中和南构造地块。新生代火山作用在时空上表现出明显的分带。从老到新，火山作用演化的特点是ＳｉＯ２饱和程度减少，碱金属和镁含量增加。从南构造地块到北构造地块出现的玄武岩各具特色。从东南沿海向西北方向，即从东南沿海断裂经长白山－郯庐断裂到大兴安岭－太行山断裂方向，是地壳厚度增加的方向，新生代火山活动的演化     

Strain-related differences in the crystal growth of white mica and chlorite: a TEM and XRD study of the development of metapelitic microfabrics in the Southern Uplands thrust terrane, Scotland

Abstract TEM and XRD techniques were used to study crystal growth characteristics of the fabric-forming phyllosilicates which developed in response to low-grade metamorphism and tectonic imbrication in part of the Southern Uplands thrust terrane. Prograde regional metamorphism, ranging from late diagenesis through the anchizone to the epizone, was accompanied by the development of a slaty cleavage which is commonly bedding-parallel. TEM-measured mean thicknesses of white mica and chlorite crystallite populations increase with advancing grade and correlate with XRD-measured crystallinity indices. Analytical TEM data show that prograde changes in composition lead to a net loss of Si, Ca and minor Fe from the fabric-forming phyllosilicates. White micas are paragonite-poor phengites with a mean b lattice parameter of 9.037 Å, and indicate an intermediate pressure series of metamorphism with a field gradient of <25° C km^-1. Chlorite compositions evolved from diabantite (with intergrown corrensite) to ripidolite over an estimated temperature range of 150–320° C. Field gradient and temperature estimates suggest that crystal growth and fabric development occurred at burial depths ranging from 6 km to at least 13 km in the thrust terrane. During late diagenesis, crystal growth of white mica and chlorite was predominantly a consequence of polytypic and phase transitions, and resulted in similar size distributions which resemble typical Ostwald ripening curves. Under anchizonal and epizonal conditions, white mica grew more rapidly than chlorite because of its greater ability to store strain energy and recover from subgrain development; as a result crystal thickness distributions are not typical of Ostwald ripening. In contrast, chlorite crystals which grew under these conditions developed subgrain boundaries at high strain rates which were only partially recovered at low strain rates; these retained dislocations reduce the crystallite thicknesses detected by TEM and XRD, compared with those of white mica. These differences in strain-induced crystal growth indicate that white mica (illite) and chlorite crystallinity indices are likely to show significant differences where low-grade metamorphism is closely associated with tectonic fabric development.     

对穿时普遍性的解释

穿时是沉积地层的基本属性,其根本原因是地层的形成作用,即沉积作用本身。有沉积作用就有穿时(侧向加积);或者小范围内不穿时但大范围内必穿时(纵向加积)。海水进退只能影响穿时的具体形式而不是穿时的本质原因或必要条件。板块的运移和增生不仅造成了沉积地层的穿时,还造成了火山地层的穿时。这种穿时与沉积作用直接引起的穿时有本质不同,本文称之为构造穿时。     

关于坳拉槽

扼要介绍了坳拉槽概念的起源和沿革,并据研究现状,对其含义和形成演化的基本特点进行评述。