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311.
鲜水河断裂带的构造大地测量 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
利用短边GPS点阵、短基线标石阵和精密激光测距 ,在与鲜水河断裂带的断层破裂带垂直的剖面上和构造盆地内进行构造大地测量 ,获得了断层软弱带和断层蠕变带上的最佳形变分布。综合利用相关地学成果和理论 ,揭示了构造形变所隐含的动力学信息 ,识别了断层应变带、塑性流变带和主断面在地面的分布范围。用外围GPS远场联测成果探讨了该断裂带的驱动力机制 ,匡正了其“左旋”运动和现今活动速度的含义。最后 ,评估了该断裂的地震活动趋势 相似文献
312.
阿尔泰东部新生代火山岩的地球化学特点及构造环境 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
新疆三大山系均有新生代火山岩,其中南部西昆仑、阿尔金山及天山托云等地的新生代火山岩比较发育,在新疆东北部地区的阿尔泰哈拉乔拉一带也发育新生代的陆内喷发火山岩。这套火山岩虽然面积不是很大,但具有大陆溢流玄武岩的特点。在地球化学上也具有典型热点成因洋岛玄武岩或其它地幔柱成因玄武岩的特点,如TiO2含量高大于2%、轻稀土元素和不相容元素显著富集等。表明新疆北部特别是阿尔泰造山带东部演化到新生代以后,有向裂陷拉张方向演化的趋势,标志着一个新的大地构造演化阶段的到来。 相似文献
313.
苏北箕状断陷形成的动力学机制 总被引:34,自引:1,他引:33
苏北盆地由多个小型箕状盆地组成,过去一直用“拉线作用”和“裂谷盆地”理论解释其成因,但大量地震资料显示,新生界地层“楔状实体”的形成除沉积因素外,更主要的是因为多次不均衡抬升削蚀所造成,实际是一个早第三纪残留盆地。新生代构造现象既是中生代时期构造作用的延续,也是始新世以来复杂应力环境作用的结果。印支-燕山中期,中国东部只受到太平洋-库拉板块一种力源作用,地层形变强烈,受力方向单一,以NW,NWW向挤压或左行剪切为主,发育了大量逆冲推覆构造,始新世,由印度板块向欧亚大陆冲撞引发的NE向挤压力加入到本区,使苏北盆地从此处在因两大板块非均速推进而产生的二元交变动力环境:印度板块力源占主导时,产生“右旋扭动”力偶,使燕山早-中期逆断层复活反转的同时,由于中国西部大陆的不断抬升,本区总的以沉积作用为主,而太洋板块力源占主导时又产生“左行剪切挤压”,在整体抬升基础上,斜坡-凸起处的过多蚀进一步加强了箕状盆地结构。两种力源的时空交替实际形成了一个完整的“断-坳-隆”沉降-抬升构造旋回,利用裂变途径迹资料探讨了不同方向构的形成年代。 相似文献
314.
对青藏高原东北缘海原弧形构造区(105deg;~107deg;E,36deg;~37.5deg;N)的5条大地电磁测深剖面进行处理分析和二维反演,得到研究区内东西宽约160 km、深约60 km范围的地壳电性细结构. 结果表明: 研究区呈现南西——北东的带状分布特征. 由南西——北东可分为6个电性区块,依次为西吉盆地(Ⅰ)、西、 南华山隆起(Ⅱ)、兴仁堡-海原盆地(Ⅲ)、中卫-清水河盆地(Ⅳ)、中宁-红寺堡盆地(Ⅴ)和鄂尔多斯西缘带(Ⅵ). 各区块在平面上呈北西撒开、 南东收缩的ldquo;扫帚状rdquo;形态;弧形构造区弧顶附近构造完整、规模大,自弧顶向北西、南东两端构造规模逐渐减小. 地表到深度10 km左右,西、南华山隆起和鄂尔多斯西缘带呈高阻特性,西吉、兴仁堡-海原、中卫——清水河和中宁-红寺堡4个盆地的电阻率较低且呈盆地凹陷形状. 其中兴仁堡-海原盆地电性基底最深,显示为南西深北东浅的ldquo;簸箕状rdquo;起伏形态. 研究区发育不连续的壳内低阻带,与该区中、强震活动密切相关. 1920年海原大震区存在明显的电性结构差异,震区南西侧和上部区域为相对高阻,北东侧和下部区域为相对低阻. 相似文献
315.
316.
地震是描述地壳现今构造带和应力场的最佳信息源,包含了全面而又丰富的动力学内涵。根据全球地震的分布及其运动学、动力学特征,全球最活动的构造被划分为环太平洋构造系、大洋中脊构造系和大陆构造系等 3个全球Ⅰ级构造系统。文中应用包含多种参数的哈佛CMT地震目录,研究了全球及其 3个Ⅰ级构造系统的地震震源破裂类型、地震活动特征、震源深度分布特征等,讨论了三大构造系在这些方面存在的差别,进而说明了各个构造系在构造环境和动力作用方面的差别 相似文献
317.
物元可拓法在地下水水质评价中的应用 总被引:31,自引:1,他引:31
可以从定性、定量两个角度解决问题的物元可拓法已被广泛应用于各个领域,本文对物元可拓法进行了改进,并应用于地下水水质评价,同时采用模糊综合评判方法进行了验证。Piper-三线图显示,研究区地下水主要为HCO3—Na和HCO3—Ca·Na型水,水质本底条件较好。水质评价结果表明,上第三系馆陶组地下水水质显著优于明化镇组,1984~1999年间明化镇组和馆陶组的地下水水质均有变坏趋势,前者趋势较为明显。物元可拓法采用综合关联度与可拓指数判断地下水水质级别,不仅能反映其相对性,也能反映绝对性,可延拓连续的特点使其更有说服力。 相似文献
318.
Sebastian Hinsken Kamil Ustaszewski Andreas Wetzel 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(6):979-1002
Eocene to Early Oligocene syn-rift deposits of the southern Upper Rhine Graben (URG) accumulated in restricted environments.
Sedimentation was controlled by local clastic supply from the graben flanks, as well as by strong intra-basinal variations
in accommodation space due to differential tectonic subsidence, that in turn led to pronounced lateral variations in depositional
environment. Three large-scale cycles of intensified evaporite sedimentation were interrupted by temporary changes towards
brackish or freshwater conditions. They form three major base level cycles that can be traced throughout the basin, each of
them representing a stratigraphic sub-unit. A relatively constant amount of horizontal extension (ΔL) in the range of 4–5 km has been estimated for the URG from numerous cross-sections. The width of the rift (L
f
), however, varies between 35 and more than 60 km, resulting in a variable crustal stretching factor between the bounding
masterfaults. Apart from block tilting, tectonic subsidence was, therefore, largely controlled by changes in the initial rift
width (L
0). The along-strike variations of the graben width are responsible for the development of a deep, trough-like evaporite basin
(Potash Basin) in the narrowest part of the southern URG, adjacent to shallow areas in the wider parts of the rift such as
the Colmar Swell in the north and the Rhine Bresse Transfer Zone that delimits the URG to the south. Under a constant amount
of extension, the along-strike variation in rift width is the principal factor controlling depo-centre development in extensional
basins. 相似文献
319.
In marine strata from Sinian to Middle Triassic in South China, there develop four sets of regional and six sets of local
source rocks, and ten sets of reservoir rocks. The occurrence of four main formation periods in association with five main
reconstruction periods, results in a secondary origin for the most marine gas pools in South China. To improve the understanding
of marine gas pools in South China with severely deformed geological background, the dominant control factors are discussed
in this paper. The fluid sources, including the gas cracked from crude oil, the gas dissolved in water, the gas of inorganic
origin, hydrocarbons generated during the second phase, and the mixed pool fluid source, were the most significant control
factors of the types and the development stage of pools. The period of the pool formation and the reconstruction controlled
the pool evolution and the distribution on a regional scale. Owing to the multiple periods of the pool formation and the reconstruction,
the distribution of marine gas pools was complex both in space and in time, and the gas in the pools is heterogeneous. Pool
elements, such as preservation conditions, traps and migration paths, and reservoir rocks and facies, also served as important
control factors to marine gas pools in South China. Especially, the preservation conditions played a key role in maintaining
marine oil and gas accumulations on a regional or local scale. According to several dominant control factors of a pool, the
pool-controlling model can be constructed. As an example, the pool-controlling model of Sinian gas pool in Weiyuan gas field
in Sichuan basin was summed up. 相似文献
320.
Subsidence history and forming mechanism of anomalous tectonic subsidence in the Bozhong depression, Bohaiwan basin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
MüLLER R. Dietmar 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(9):1310-1318
The Bozhong depression of the Bohaiwan basin belongs to a family of extensional basins in East China, but is quite different from other parts of the basin. The Cenozoic subsidence of the depression is controlled by a combination of lithospheric thinning and polycyclic strike-slip movements. Three episodic rifts have been identified, i.e. Paleocence-early Eocene, middle-late Eocene and Oligocene age. The depression underwent syn-rift and post-rift stages, but two episodic dextral movement events of the strike-slip faults modify the subsidence of the Bozhong depression since the Oligocene. The early dextral movement of the Tan-Lu fault associated with crustal extension resulted in accelerated subsidence during the time of deposition of the Dongying Formation with a maximum thickness of 4000 m. A late reactivation of dextral movement of the Tan-Lu fault began in late Miocene (about 12 Ma), which resulted in the intense subsidence of Minghuazhen Formation and Quaternary. In addition, dynamic mantle convection-driven topography also accelerated the post-rift anomalous subsidence since the Miocene (24.6 Ma). Our results indicate that the primary control on rapid subsidence both during the rift and post-rift stages in the Bozhong depression originates from a combination of multiple episodic crustal extension and polycyclic dextral movements of strike-slip faults, and dynamic topography. 相似文献