The influence of air–sea–ice interactions on an anomalous phytoplankton bloom in the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer, 2011

An anomalous phytoplankton bloom was recorded in the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Zone (AZ) of the Southern Ocean (SO) during the austral summer, 2011. Possible mechanisms for the triggering of such a large bloom were analyzed with the help of in situ and satellite data. The bloom, which formed in January 2011, intensified during February and weakened by March. High surface chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations (0.76 mg m⁻³) were observed in the area of the bloom (60°S, 47°E) with a Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) of 1.15 mg m⁻³ at a depth of 40–60 m. During 2011, both the concentration and spatial extent of sea ice were high on the western side of the bloom, between 0°E and 40°E, and enhanced freshwater influx was observed in the study area as a result of melting ice. A positive Southern Annular Mode (SAM) (with a resultant northward horizontal advection) and an intense La Niña during 2010–2011 are possible reasons for the high sea-ice concentrations. The enhanced Chl a observed in the study region, which can be attributed to the phytoplankton bloom, likely resulted from the influx of nutrient-laden freshwater derived from melting sea ice.     

TECTONIC TRANSFER ON THE EASTERN EDGE OF PAMIR

TECTONIC TRANSFER ON THE EASTERN EDGE OF PAMIR     

乌干达Albert湖凹陷北部沉积特征及油气成藏模式

乌干达Albert湖凹陷是世界上最年轻的生烃凹陷,受构造和沉积控制,油气多分布于北部构造调节带。为分析Albert湖北部构造调节带内部油气成藏特征,笔者利用地震、钻井、测井和孢粉等资料,开展北部构造调节带沉积特征研究,进而分析北部构造调节带的油气成藏模式。研究表明,由于边界正断层持续活动,北部构造调节带两侧沉积特征存在差异,研究区西部发育曲流河-三角洲沉积体系;东部发育冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积体系。由于北部构造调节带西部三角洲砂体向南推进至湖盆中心,与深湖相烃源岩直接沟通,成为Albert湖盆最有利的油气汇聚区。     

新疆西昆仑塔什库尔干高压变质岩的重新厘定及其构造意义

新疆西昆仑塔什库尔干以东解体出一套“斜长角闪片麻岩-矽线石榴黑云斜长片麻岩组合”。岩石地球化学特征表明,斜长角闪片麻岩原岩为基性火山岩,具有岛弧玄武岩的特征,在构造环境判别图中（TiO2/10-MnO-P2O5、Zr-TiO2、Hf/3-Th-Nb/16）,样品均落入岛弧环境;矽线石榴黑云斜长片麻岩原岩为过铝质碎屑岩,构造环境判别图（K2O/Na2O-SiO2、La-Th-Sc、Th-Sc-Zr/10）显示,其形成环境为活动大陆边缘的岛弧环境;LA-ICP-MS锆石同位素年代学表明,斜长角闪片麻岩形成于早寒武世,并经历了志留纪、二叠纪、白垩纪、中新世4期岩浆热事件。该区高压变质岩的重新厘定对于探讨西昆仑的构造演化具有重要意义。     

Discussion of “Wave setup and setdown generated by obliquely incident waves” by T.-W. Hsu et al., Coastal Engineering, 53, 865–877, 2006

In the recent paper by Tai-Wen Hsu, John R.-C. Hsu, Wen-Kai Weng, Swun-Kwang Wang, and Shan-Hwei Ou (Coastal Engineering, 53, 865–877, 2006), the authors derived theoretical formulations for calculating the wave setup and setdown induced by obliquely incident waves on a beach. The derivation of an expression for setdown contains errors which would lead to an imbalance in longshore momentum flux outside the surfzone. We correct their derivation and give results in terms of the radiation stress concept in a general case including an oblique wave incidence. We also point out that the correct form of wave setdown is important to describe the zero-net force in the momentum balance outside the surfzone.     

安徽胡家碾地区井中地电异常现象探讨

以岩石电性特征差异为基础的电测井,在金属矿产、地下水资源勘探中,发挥着重要的作用。在视电阻率测井装置中,地井系统是较为常用装置形式。通过安徽省胡家碾地区地质背景和钻孔地层以及对井中电法测量资料的分析对比,探讨了井中地电异常产生的原因及与寻找地下水的关系,认为井中负视电阻率异常与井中正自然电位异常相对应时,通常是寻找地下水的有利地段。     

日本海域地壳结构基本特征及其地质意义

利用日本海域内完成的多条地震测深剖面及其它地球物理资料．综合分析该域地壳结构特点以及Benioff带特点．日本海域地壳结构具有陆壳、洋壳区别和两分、三分两类;Benioff带在不同方向上具有不同倾角,延伸深度差别较大;日本海开裂的动力源自太平洋板块西向俯冲所产生的多期挤压和引张应力场．     

基于模糊综合评判的Hoek-Brown强度准则修正及应用

阐述了岩质边坡岩体力学参数研究的意义,介绍了国内外常用的几种岩体力学参数的确定方法,但其准确性值得商榷和论证。针对Hoek-Brown强度准则D值的确定存在的困难,基于模糊综合评判,对产生扰动的影响因数综合考虑,确定了依托工程的D值,工程应用表明更加接近实际情况,并且探讨了岩质边坡的岩体以滑动面为界限划分扰动区与非扰动区的合理性,克服了其他公式的不足。以利比里亚邦矿铁矿岩体力学参数研究为例,分别用计算出的修正参数和其他几种方法进行计算分析对比,结果表明所计算出的修正D值更能反映实际的扰动程度,并论证了划分扰动区与非扰动区的合理性和意义,具有重要参考价值。     

鱼田堡煤矿水文地质特征及深部突水模式分析

通过对鱼田堡煤矿各生产水平、开采区域、开采煤层涌水观测资料,以及水质化验、连通试验等资料的分析与研究,查明了该矿深部煤层开采的突水水源及突水通道——浅部与采空区融为一体的“地下水库”及深部K3（4#煤层）开采时在煤层顶板以上发育的采动离层裂隙带,为防治矿井深部突水提供了较为切合实际的水文地质依据。     

Lagrangian measurements and modelling of fluid advection in the inner surf and swash zones

New laboratory and field data are presented on fluid advection into the swash zone. The data illustrate the region of the inner surf zone from which sediment can be directly advected into the swash zone during a single uprush, which is termed the advection length. Experiments were conducted by particle tracking in a Lagrangian reference frame, and were performed for monochromatic breaking waves, solitary bores, non-breaking solitary waves and field conditions. The advection length is normalised by the run-up length to give an advection ratio, A, and different advection ratios are identified on the basis of the experimental data. The data show that fluid enters the swash zone from a region of the inner surf zone that can extend a distance seaward of the bore collapse location that is approximately equal to half of the run-up length. This region is about eight times wider than the region predicted by the classical swash solution of Shen and Meyer [Shen, M.C., Meyer, R.E., 1963. Climb of a bore on a beach. Part 3. Runup. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 16, 113–125], as illustrated by Pritchard and Hogg [Pritchard, D., Hogg, A.J., 2005. On the transport of suspended sediment by a swash event on a plane beach. Coastal Engineering 52, 1–23]. Measured advection ratios for periodic waves show no significant trend with Iribarren number, consistent with self-similarity in typical swash flows. The data are compared to recent characteristic solutions of the non-linear shallow water wave (NLSW) equations and both finite difference and finite volume solutions of the NLSW equations.