Denudation history of the Southeastern Highlands of Australia

The low-relief summit plateaus (high plains) of the Southeastern Highlands are remnants of a widespread peneplain that was initially uplifted in the mid-Cretaceous and reached its current elevation in the Miocene–Pliocene. There are two mutually exclusive scenarios for the origin of the high plains: an uplifted peneplain originally formed by long-term denudation through the Mesozoic and late Paleozoic, contrasting with creation by ～1.5 km of erosion following the mid-Cretaceous uplift (based on fission track data). The hypothesis of a Mesozoic peneplain is consistent with the low relief of the high plains, the ca 200 Ma available to form the peneplain, and the pre-late Mesozoic oxygen-isotope composition of secondary kaolinites in weathering profiles on the high plains. If the ca 30 Ma cooling event recorded by the fission track data is due to ～1.5 km of denudation, then the high plains peneplain formed in the Late Cretaceous–early Paleogene, close to sea-level, and was uplifted in the early Paleogene, because evidence from basalts and fossil floras shows that the high plains surface was moderately elevated in the Eocene. This scenario is difficult to reconcile with the long-term erosion necessary to form such an extensive peneplain, the lack of sedimentary evidence for early Paleogene uplift, and the relatively small reduction in elevation (～250 m) that would have resulted from ～1.5 km of erosion (because the crust in this area is in isostatic equilibrium). Furthermore, extensive Cretaceous–early Paleogene denudation should have removed the pre-late Mesozoic secondary kaolinites present in weathering profiles in the highlands. There is no evidence that the Mesozoic peneplain was buried by kilometres of sediment and then exhumed in the Cretaceous–early Paleogene. I therefore conclude that the high plains of the Southeastern Highlands are the remnants of a Mesozoic peneplain uplifted in the mid-Cretaceous and again in the Miocene–Pliocene.     

A Study on the Geological—Geochemical Dynamics of Hydrothermal Ore Deposition as Exemplified by the Muping—Rushan Gold Deposit Belt,Eastern Shandong,China

This paper presents a method of establishing a hydrothermal ore-forming reaction system.On the basis of the study of four typical hydrothermal deposits,the following conclusions concerning geochemical dynamic controlling during hydrothermal mineralization have been sions concerning geochemical dynaamic controlling during hydrothermal mineralization have been drawn:(1)The regional tectonic activities control the concentration and dispersion of elements in the ore-forming process in terms of their effects on the thermodynamic nature and conditions of the ore-forming reaction system.(2)During hydrothermal mineralization the activites of ore-bearing faults can be divideb into two stages:the brittle splitting stage and the brittle-tough tensing stage,which would create characteristically different geodynamic conditions for the geochemical thermodynamic ore-forming system.(3)The hydrothermal ore-forming reaaction system is an open dynamic system.At the brittle splitting stage the system was so strongly supersaturated and unequilibrated as to speed up and enhance the crystallization and differentiation of ore-forming fluids.And at the brittle-tough tensing stage,the ore-forming system was in a weak supersaturated state;with decreasing temperature and pressure the crystallization of oreforming material would show down,and it can be regarded as an equilibrated state.(4)In the lates stages of hydrothermal evolution,gold would be concentrated in the residual ore-forming solution.The pulsating fracture activite in this stage led to the crush of pyrite ore and it was then filled with gold-enriched solution,forming high-grage“fissure”gold ore.This ore-forming process could be called the coupling mechanism of ore formation.     

新近纪以来的构造运动是中国气藏形成的重要因素

新近纪以来的构造运动是全球最新的地壳形变和造山运动的发展演化阶段。由于中国地处印度陆块、西伯利亚陆块与太平洋板块所围限的三角地带。是世界上新近纪以来构造运动比较活跃的地区,以及天然气极易散失,也难以保存的特点,因此,新近纪以来构造运动特征是研究中国气藏形成和保存不可忽视的重要地质因素。总结中国天然气的成藏历程,虽然各类盆地有所不同,但都有上新世以来构造运动的影响。上新世以来的构造运动对于中国天然气的成藏及分布有一定的破坏作用,促使一些盆地天然气受到了一定程度的散失,但总体上以促进成藏、聚集作用为主：①在西部盆岭之间形成了一系列中国式的前陆型盆地,为形成大中型气田刨造了有利条件。并控制了盆地本部气藏的最终定型。②在中部的四川盆地形成了成排成带的背斜,是四川盆地气藏形成、定型的主要时期;鄂尔多斯盆地的整体快速隆升及进一步西倾,促进了从靖边至乌审旗气田群天然气的进一步聚集。③在东部,上新世末期的渤海运动为以渤中拗陷为主体的渤海海域晚期成藏刨造了有利的地质条件;在其他盆地也促进了二次生烃及次生气藏的形成;并形成了一批无机成因的二氧化碳气田。④在近海海域,既促进了有机成因气藏的形成,也促进了无机成因非烃气藏以及无机与有机成因天然气的混源,致使区内形成了比较复杂的气藏特征。总之,新近纪以来活跃的构造运动形成了中国天然气以晚期、超晚期生烃成藏、定型为主的成藏模式,是研究中国气藏形成不可忽视的重要的地质阶段。     

南黄海崂山隆起中、古生界油气保存条件分析

崂山隆起位于南黄海盆地中部,海相中-古生界分布广泛且厚度大,其构造演化经历了加里东、海西、印支、燕山和喜山等多期构造运动,早期油气聚集可能在后期受到不同程度的破坏,因此,油气保存条件是崂山隆起油气勘探能否取得突破的关键因素。通过综合分析构造运动中抬升剥蚀作用和断裂作用与油气保存的关系,以及盖层条件与油气保存的关系,探讨崂山隆起内部油气保存条件的差异性以指导该区油气勘探。结果表明：崂山隆起呈差异性油气保存特点,位于崂山隆起中南部的高石稳定带是一个早期断裂不发育的弱变形区,后期构造运动改造破坏程度较弱,特别是下古生界具备较为优越的生储盖组合,构造多以断背斜和低幅宽缓背斜为主,发育多个大型圈闭,岩浆活动相对较弱,油气保存条件较为优越;而崂山隆起北部的青峰变形带断裂系统发育,地层褶皱变形强烈,单个圈闭规模较小,油气保存条件相对较差;高石稳定带中南部是进一步油气勘探和调查参数井钻探的重点目标区。     

关于气候系统与地球系统的若干思考

分析了地球系统的基本特征和地球系统的能源和运转方式,指出地热涡和地冷涡是地面气候系统的重要成员. 利用全球地磁场资料,研究了地球内部焦耳热的分布和演变规律,结果表明:全球地磁场的变化与全球气温的变化有密切联系,而且焦耳热场的分布与地热带、火山分布、全球最大降水量带有很好的对应. 因此,要对气候变化有一个全面的认识,必须研究整个地球系统.     

北黄海盆地东部M隆起构造特征及演化

北黄海盆地是中国东部近海中生代断陷型盆地,详细记载着中国东部复杂的构造活动信息,期间经历了多期岩浆活动和构造反转。M隆起位于北黄海盆地东部,其构造活动记录比周边的坳陷更为详细。为充分认识M隆起的地质结构及沉积响应关系,在充分利用地震、钻测井等资料的基础上,结合区域构造背景,从构造运动学和动力学等方面探讨分析其构造演化历程,进而为北黄海盆地乃至中国东部地区的构造演化提供新的依据。高精度三维地震资料及地质分析揭示,该隆起区发育有5个典型的不整合面,纵向上可划分为5个构造层。结合北黄海盆地所处构造位置、构造变形和沉积充填特征,及板块运动和区域构造演化史,将北黄海盆地东部M隆起自中侏罗世至今的构造演化划分为5个阶段(共9期):裂陷阶段(稳定沉积期、掀斜形成期、早白垩世凹陷沉积期)、构造反转阶段(晚白垩世抬升剥蚀期)、再次裂陷阶段(早渐新世初沉积期、早渐新世末剥蚀期、F2断层活跃期)、再次构造反转阶段(整体抬升期)、区域沉降阶段(区域沉降期)。     

湖南省主要内生成矿事件的构造格局控矿特征及动力机制

湖南省内生矿产资源丰富,内生成矿事件主要有加里东期(以志留纪为主)、印支晚期(晚三叠世)、燕山中晚期(晚侏罗世-早白垩世)等3期。以区域矿产资料为基础,结合大地构造、成岩成矿年龄、矿床成因机制等研究成果,对上述3期内生成矿事件的构造格局控矿特征和动力机制进行探讨。①受加里东运动自东南向西北扩展以及深部岩石圈结构差异控制,加里东期湖南省自东南往西北分为成矿特征有别的3个构造带。湘中-湘东南构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)发生后碰撞花岗质岩浆活动,于局部产生与岩浆活动相关的W、萤石等成矿作用;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)东部的雪峰冲断带(Ⅱ1)形成了以构造活化成因为主的金矿和锑金矿;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)西部的武陵低缓褶皱带(Ⅱ2)及湘西北构造抬升带(Ⅲ)内形成了与寒武纪同沉积断裂活动、加里东运动后的伸展活动以及相应的热液活动有关的汞铅锌矿。②印支晚期受深部岩石圈结构差异控制,湖南省自东南至西北分为3个构造带:湘中-湘东南构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)因后碰撞减压熔融而发生大规模花岗质岩浆活动,从而于其东南部形成钨锡铅锌多金属矿床,西北部形成锑金钨多金属矿床;雪峰构造带(Ⅱ)可能无内生热液成矿作用;湘西北褶皱带(Ⅲ)发育小型脉型铅锌矿。③燕山中晚期,湖南省自东南往西北分为3个构造带:湘中-湘东构造岩浆带(Ⅰ)受岩石圈拆沉、软流圈上隆、陆内碰撞后期增温减压、俯冲板块崩塌等深部构造作用控制而发生大规模花岗质岩浆活动,形成了大量的有色金属矿床和金矿床;雪峰西部构造带(Ⅱ)成矿作用弱,局部存在Au、Hg成矿作用;湘西北褶皱带(Ⅲ)发育少量低温热液充填型萤石矿和砷矿。     

Optimization of the purification methods for recovery of recombinant growth hormone from Paralichthys olivaceus

This study aimed to optimize the purification of recombinant growth hormone from Paralichthys olivaceus. Recombinant flounder growth hormone (r-fGH) was expressed by Escherichia coli in form of inclusion body or as soluble protein under different inducing conditions. The inclusion body was renatured using two recovery methods, i.e., dilution and dialysis. Thereafter, the refolded protein was purified by Glutathione Sepharase 4B affinity chromatography and r-fGH was obtained by cleavage of thrombin. For soluble products, r-fGH was directly purified from the lysates by Glutathione Sepharase 4B affinity chromatography. ELISA-receptor assay demonstrated that despite its low receptor binding activity, the r-fGH purified from refolded inclusion body had a higher yield (2.605 mgL-1) than that from soluble protein (1.964 mgL-1). Of the tested recovery methods, addition of renaturing buffer (pH 8.5) into denatured inclusion body yielded the best recovery rate (17.9%). This work provided an optimized purification method for high recovery of r-fGH, thus contributing to the application of r-fGH to aquaculture.     

BDS卫星差分码偏差稳定性分析及其短期预报

利用MGEX(multi-GNSS experiment)发布的BDS卫星差分码偏差(differential code bias, DCB)产品，比较分析不同太阳活动水平下BDS卫星DCB产品的稳定性变化特性，并采用差分自回归移动平均(auto-regressive integrated moving average, ARIMA)时间序列预测模型，实现不同太阳活动水平下BDS卫星DCB的短期预报。结果表明，在太阳活动高年，BDS卫星DCB日解值稳定度、月稳定性均明显低于太阳活动低年，且不同卫星星座类型的BDS卫星DCB稳定性也存在差异；ARIMA时间序列预报结果与MGEX发布值符合程度较好，优于多项式拟合法预测结果。     

2016年门源Ms6.4地震前祁连山周边断层活动分析

基于青藏高原东北缘地区最新的跨断层资料,利用时序曲线分析、断层速率合成分析和垂直形变累积率分析等多种方法进行计算,从不同角度和范围提取2016年门源Ms6.4地震震前异常特征,揭示断层活动。结果显示：1）震中距150 km以内多个场地出现了典型的以加速张性变化为主的短期异常,150~300 km内的异常以趋势变化为主;2）祁连山-海原断裂带上异常场地的空间分布表现出由祁连山断裂带中部集中向东迁移至中东部集中的特征,海原断裂上异常有所增多,此类现象与2003年民乐6.1级地震前的现象极其相似;3）祁连山断裂自2014年以来合成速率偏离正常动态值较远,容易积累应变。垂直形变趋势累积率的计算结果显示,地震震中位于形变积累的高值区。