塔河九连片地区三叠系下油组砂体分布及有利区带预测

本文根据测、录井及三维地震资料,建立了塔河地区高精度层序地层格架,并重点对发育于TSQ3低位体系域中的下油组砂体类型及分布进行了系统研究。根据岩心观察结合粒度分析等手段,认为研究区下油组沉积砂体主要为辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体,进一步划分为主分流河道复合微相、侧支分流河道复合微相和河道间微相3种类型。砂岩厚度、含砂率分布特征表明,砂体以东西向展布为特征,中部厚度最大,向南北砂岩厚度减小。依据研究区南高北低的区域构造背景,结合下油组沉积微相图与顶面构造图叠合表明,认为研究区南部AT4-S98井区以南为有利的岩性上倾尖灭区带。     

Technological capability and transfer for achieving South Africa's development goals

Technological capability and technology transfer both play important roles in achieving low-carbon development targets and the concepts of both have appeared in national development and climate policy debates. Yet, they differ. Improving capabilities and transfer mechanisms are two differing approaches to technological development. Technology transfer is associated with a key political dynamic within international climate policy, in that developing countries request support from industrialised countries. Whereas technological capability focuses on building internal capabilities and is often framed in the context of national industrial policy plans rather than relying on external support. We argue that technology development, a combination of these approaches, can contribute to South Africa's low-carbon development through innovation and technology-based mitigation actions that increase domestic technological capabilities. Technological capability needs to become a determinant of mitigation action to effectively contribute to achieving South Africa's low-carbon development goals. International technology transfer and cooperation should contribute to boosting domestic capabilities to advance technological development. Technology transfer based on pure sales will not contribute to achieving long-term low-carbon development goals.     

低煤级煤与UO22+的吸附络合及亲煤型铀矿成矿过程

针对中国亲煤(煤系)砂岩型铀矿床成矿过程,以不同氧化程度的低煤级煤为研究对象,采用分光光度法研究煤对铀酰离子的吸附络合作用.结果表明,煤对铀酰离子(UO22+)的吸附作用受煤氧化程度、煤种、溶液pH值、环境温度和铀溶液初始浓度等因素影响.脱附实验和红外光谱分析进一步证明,煤中活性官能团与铀酰离子发生了明显的化学吸附/络合作用.基于上述结果,提出了亲煤型砂岩铀矿的成矿过程,为揭示煤与铀矿共伴生关系提供了基础数据.     

辽宁铁法盆地含煤岩系层序地层分析

利用盆地钻孔及矿井资料,分析了铁法盆地含煤岩系层序地层。根据古构造运动面、大面积超覆界面、煤层和河床滞留沉积将含煤岩系划分为1个超层序和3个层序。将层序划分为低水位体系域、水进体系域、高水位体系域和水退体系域。总结了层序地层聚煤规律,指出了有利的找煤远景层位。     

安徽铁炉地区放射性污染调查分析及防治措施

对安徽东至县铁炉地区开展了放射性污染调查工作,并提出了防治方案和治理措施。其方法是采用6台FD-3013γ辐射仪、1台FD-3022N道γ谱仪和1台FD-3017氡射气仪对该地区进行大比例尺地面γ辐射剂量率、地面γ能谱、水中氡浓度等测量。获得了该地区γ辐射剂量率为0．11～4.38μGy/h;铀质量活度为123-1 230Bq／kg,钍质量活度为21-411 Bq/kg,钾质量活度为264-528Bq／kg;水中铀活度浓度为4-12 300 Bq／L,水中氡活度浓度为2-155Bq／L;剥露的岩矿、矿渣中铀质量活度为1230-151 290 Bq／kg,钍质量活度为25-411 Bq／kg。该地区地面γ辐射剂量率、地层中铀、钍质量活度均高于安徽省平均值,而剥露的岩矿、矿渣中铀质量活度远大于地层中的铀质量活度,是该地区环境中最大的潜在污染源之一,并为此提出了4项治理措施。     

Sequence stratigraphy of coal‐bearing,high‐energy clastic units: The Maitland‐Cessnock‐Greta Coalfield and Cranky Corner Basin

Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian sedimentary rocks extend along the periphery of the northern Sydney Basin, a sub‐basin of the Sydney‐Gunnedah‐Bowen Basin complex. The basin contains basal basalts and volcanic sediments deposited in a nascent rift zone. This rift zone was created through crustal thinning during trench rollback on the eastern edge of the New England Orogen. Thermal subsidence created accommodation for predominantly marine Dalwood Group sediments. Clastic sedimentation then occurred in the Maitland‐Cessnock‐Greta Coalfield and Cranky Corner Basin during the Early Permian. This occurred on a broad shelf undergoing renewed thermal subsidence on the margin of a rift flank of the Tamworth Belt of the southern New England Orogen. Braidplain fans prograded or aggraded in two depositional sequences. The first sequence commences near the top of the Farley Formation and includes part of the Greta Coal Measures, while the second sequence includes the majority of the Greta Coal Measures and basal Branxton Formation. Thin, areally restricted mires formed during interludes in a high sedimentation regime in the lowstand systems tracts. As base‐level rose, areally extensive mires developed on the transgressive surface of both sequences. A paludal to estuarine facies changed to a shallow‐marine facies as the braidplain was transgressed. The transgressive systems tracts continued to develop with rising relative sea‐level. Renewed uplift in the hinterland resulted in the erosion of part of the transgressive systems tract and all of the highstand systems tract of the lower sequence. In the upper sequence a reduction in relative sea‐level rise saw the development of a deltaic to nearshore shelf highstand systems tract. Extensional dynamics caused a fall in relative base‐level and the development of a sequence boundary in the Branxton Formation. Finally, renewed thermal subsidence created accommodation for the overlying, predominantly marine Maitland Group.     

新疆矿山地质环境问题及其防治对策

矿产资源的开发利用强有力地推动了新疆区域经济的发展,同时也造成地质灾害、环境污染和资源破坏的问题.在系统分析这些问题的基础上,为实现社会经济和生态环境的可持续发展战略,提出健全矿山地质生态环境法规、加强可持续发展宣传教育和开展矿山地质生态环境防治理论研究的对策.     

气候变化国家评估报告（II）：气候变化的影响与适应

已经观测到的气候变化影响是显著的、多方面的。各个领域和地区都存在有利和不利影响,但以不利影响为主,未来的气候变暖将会对中国的生态系统、农业以及水资源等部门和沿海地区产生重大的不利影响。采取适应措施可以减轻气候变化的不利影响,应将适应气候变化的行动逐步纳入国民经济和社会发展的中长期规划中。由于我国科学研究的相对不足和科学认识能力的局限,目前的气候变化影响评估方法和结果还存在很大的不确定性。应当加强区域适应气候变化的案例研究、扩大研究领域、加强极端天气、气候事件影响的研究,以降低影响评估的不确定性,并提出切实可行的适应对策。     

大连开发区小窑湾地区岩溶地质灾害研究

在我国,岩溶是一种分布比较普遍的不良地质作用,在一定条件下可能发生地质灾害,严重威胁工程安全。本文依据大连开发区域小窑湾的区域地质、地质构造、水文地质等情况,分析了该区岩溶形成机理,并结合工程实例,总结了本区域岩溶的发育规律,提出了相应的岩溶灾害治理措施。     

中国沙区公路风沙危害及防治研究进展

本文聚焦公路风沙问题,回顾了中国沙区公路的发展历程、现状与特点,围绕公路沿线风动力环境、沙害特征、致灾机理、风沙防治措施、防护体系结构组成和防护效益等,系统总结了中国沙区公路风沙防治取得的成果以及存在的问题。针对公路沿线流沙和戈壁地表以及区域自然特征的差异,兼顾风沙防治、绿色廊道建植与景观功效,确保沙区公路防护体系持续稳定和效能发挥,系统梳理了中国沙区公路3种典型风沙防治模式。基于中国公路网络骨架体系日益完善的切实需求和沙区公路安全运营面临的挑战,侧重加强高速公路风沙防治工程技术的提升,提出了中国沙区公路未来的研究重点和发展趋势。