地球物理方法在中国油气资源战略选区中应用的可能性——以藏北羌塘盆地为例

简要回顾了地球物理方法技术在国内几个油田发现过程中的作用.针对中国油气资源战略选区中普遍存在的方法技术问题,以羌塘盆地为例,进行了较为全面深入的剖析.通过对已有资料和成果的分析,认为羌塘盆地实现战略发现的时机已经成熟.而要实现战略发现,目前亟待解决的问题是打参数井、圈定局部构造和寻找合适的方法技术.鉴于羌塘盆地特殊的自然环境和地质条件,提出了高精度大地电磁法、自然电场法、特殊条件下的地震勘探、井地联合地震勘探等关键技术.具体的工作部署痧是:查明有利区带中最有利的局部构造和构造部位,在最有利的构造部位实施参数井钻探,围绕参数井开展地质、地球物理勘探与综合研究.这些技术和方法的应用有望使羌塘盆地的油气勘探工作迈上新台阶.     

新疆和田县布雅煤矿区侏罗纪含煤岩系聚煤特征及靶区预测

通过沉积体系、聚煤环境、聚煤期后构造变动等因素分析，确定了布雅山间盆地属一小型拗陷盆地，在盆地中部煤层较厚，了解了盆地内侏罗系含煤岩系的聚煤特征，预测了两个含煤靶区。对该区今后的地质工作提供了参考。     

四川巴塘县夏塞银多金属矿床特征

夏塞银矿位于川西义敦岛弧造山带燕山晚期绒依措花岗岩体外接触带浅变质岩中,是一个超大型的中低温热液脉型银多金属矿床。通过对该矿床的地质、矿石矿物、流体包裹体与同位素地球化学等进行系统的研究表明,矿体产出严格受断层破碎带控制,矿体主要为脉状、透镜状和浸染状;容矿岩石为上三叠统图姆沟组的浅变质砂岩、粉砂岩和板岩;金属矿物主要有方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、银矿物和硫盐矿物等,脉石矿物为石英、方解石、绢云母、绿泥石等;成矿作用可划分为三期四个阶段;成矿物质来源于围岩和花岗岩,矿床为燕山晚期一喜马拉雅期岩浆期后成矿流体浅成中低温热液充填交代矿床。     

Advancing the use of scenarios to understand society’s capacity to achieve the 1.5 degree target

With a range of potential pathways to a sustainable future compatible with the Paris Agreement 1.5 °C target, scenario analysis has emerged as a key tool in studies of climate change mitigation and adaptation. A wide range of alternative scenarios have been created, and core amongst these are five socio-economic scenarios (Shared Socio-economic Pathways or SSPs) and four emission scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways or RCPs). Whilst mitigation scenarios (the Shared Policy Assumptions, or SPAs) have been developed for each SSP-RCP combination, describing the actions necessary to match the climate pathway of the RCP, there has not yet been a systematic approach to address whether and how these actions can be enabled in practice.We present a novel and transferable framework to understand society’s capacity to achieve the 1.5 °C target, based on four participatory case studies using the SSP-RCP scenarios. The methodology builds on a framework for categorising different types of societal capitals and capacities and assessing their impact on the potential to implement different types of mitigation actions. All four case studies show that SSP1 has the highest potential to reach the target. Although environmental awareness is high in both SSP1 and SSP4, continued social inequalities in SSP4 restrict society’s capacity to transform, despite economic growth. In the two least environmentally-aware SSPs, SSP3 and SSP5, the transformation potential is low, but the view on capitals and capacities nonetheless helps identify opportunities for actors to develop and implement mitigation actions.The study highlights that techno-economic assessments of climate strategies need to be complemented by consideration of the critical role played by social and human capital, and by societal capacity to mobilise and create these capitals despite different socio-economic trends. These capitals and capacities are essential to enable the rapid innovation, behavioural change and international co-ordination needed to achieve the 1.5 °C target.     

铌钽矿床类型、特征与研究进展

铌、钽矿产分布较广。内生铌钽矿成矿类型主要为伟晶岩型、稀有金属花岗岩型、碳酸岩型和碱性岩型;外生矿床多为内生矿床经过风化和沉积等外生作用发生二次富集的风化壳型和残坡积、冲积砂矿型。从成矿时代来看,伟晶岩型矿床成矿时代跨度较大,从3.08 Ga到0.19 Ga;碱性岩型矿床主要成矿期分别在2.25~1.35 Ga和0.75~0.19 Ga;碳酸岩型矿床成矿期主要分布在0.75~0.6 Ga和0.4~0.35 Ga;花岗岩型主要分布在0.75~0.19 Ga的中晚期。碳酸岩型铌矿床和伟晶岩型钽矿床是目前勘探的主要目标。     

Radioactive geophysical features of Haizishan area in Litang of Sichuan Province

In order to investigate the radioactive geophysical features, uranium metallogenetic geological setting and metallogenetic conditions at Haizishan area, the ground total gamma survey and geology-gamma spectrometric profile survey were conducted. The radioactive background of Haizishan area was preliminarily cognized through the ground total gamma survey and the radioactive features were identified. The anomaly properties of Late Yanshan granites were roughly confirmed through geology - gamma spectrometric profile survey, and the detailed statistical analysis was done for radionuclide contents of each major lithostratigraphy. The results show that Late Yanshan granites in this area have higher total gamma background value, and the distribution of total gamma anomaly is almost consistent with Late Yanshan granites. The uranium background value of the granites is higher, showing the uranium sources are favorable in this area. There is Chaqingka hot-spring anomaly in the western periphery of Haizishan area, which is in connection with the northwest fault. The sinter on the ground has very high total gamma measurement value, and the uranium - thorium anomaly occurrence is shown through gamma spectrometric survey. According to the geological and radiometric properties of Chaqingka hot-spring anomaly, combined with the uranium metallogenetic geological setting and metallogenetic conditions in the area, the authors identified that the potential source of uranium is bearing fluids containing uranium or the uranium is likely to be abundant in deep Late Yanshan granites. The uranium is migrated to deposit and enrich at the surface, which provides a prospecting target for further uranium exploration.     

甘肃敦煌地块基于岩浆岩(氧化物)信息的金找矿靶区定量优选

借用计算机强大的计算处理能力,以判别分析方法构建起甘肃敦煌地块基于化探资料的金找矿定量预测模型和基于岩浆岩(氧化物)信息的金找矿靶区定量优选模型,鉴别出18个与现有金矿床(点)相关关系高度密切的侵入岩体和123个由化探资料确定的金找矿靶区。优选出分布在上述18个岩体5km范围内的金找矿靶区,与化探资料确定的金矿找矿靶区进行综合优选,共选出27个金找矿靶区并分为三级,Ⅰ级靶区5个(其中3个靶区有已知金矿分布,见矿率58.2%),Ⅱ级靶区9个(见矿率33.3%),Ⅲ级靶区13个(见矿率14.8%)。综合信息定量优选的找矿靶区有极高的见矿率,为进一步地质找矿工作提供依据。     

Underwater Target Detection Based on Reinforcement Learning and Ant Colony Optimization

Underwater optical imaging produces images with high resolution and abundant information and hence has outstanding advantages in short-distance underwater target detection.However,low-light and high-noise scenarios pose great challenges in un-derwater image and video analyses.To improve the accuracy and anti-noise performance of underwater target image edge detection,an underwater target edge detection method based on ant colony optimization and reinforcement learning is proposed in this paper.First,the reinforcement learning concept is integrated into artificial ants’movements,and a variable radius sensing strategy is pro-posed to calculate the transition probability of each pixel.These methods aim to avoid undetection and misdetection of some pixels in image edges.Second,a double-population ant colony strategy is proposed,where the search process takes into account global search and local search abilities.Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively extract the contour information of underwater targets and keep the image texture well and also has ideal anti-interference performance.     

基于演化博弈的中国橡胶主产区目标价格补贴政策及其敏感性研究——以西双版纳为例

当前,橡胶收入不足于吸引农户继续种植橡胶,为保障国家橡胶战略安全,利用演化博弈模型分析了目标价格补贴政策的有效性边界,并对影响目标价格补贴政策的因素进行了敏感性分析。结果发现,依据2019年西双版纳18个样本村的947个截面数据及地区统计公报等测算得出,在橡胶价格为8元/kg时,应将目标补贴价格定位为12.8元/kg;橡胶树单产为影响目标价格补贴额度变量中敏感系数最大的因素;在当前其他因素不变的情况下,橡胶树单产提升10%可使目标补贴价格额度下降25%。建议采取积极稳健的财政补贴政策,利用浮动的目标价格补贴稳定橡胶产区的农户预期,同时辅以橡胶价格保险等配套政策激励农户提高橡胶树单产,在达到政策目标的同时降低财政成本。     

基于快速鲁棒性主成分分析的日冕喷流自动检测方法

使用快速鲁棒性主成分分析(Fast Robust Principal Component Analysis,Fast RPCA)方法对日冕序列图像中的日冕喷流活动进行检测。检测的基本思路是利用快速鲁棒性主成分分析方法中低秩和稀疏分解的思想与日冕序列图像中有着变化尺度稍小且占比较大的随机变化背景成分、变化尺度较大且占比较小的日冕喷流的特点相结合,实现随机复杂多变的动态背景和稀疏运动目标之间的分离,从而检出作为前景变化的日冕喷流。采用太阳动力学天文台(Solar Dynamics Observatory,SDO)卫星的大气成像仪(Atmospheric Imaging Assembly,AIA)两组不同时间段、不同波段、不同观测位置的日冕序列图像作为研究对象。研究内容主要包括日冕序列图像的预处理、日冕喷流检测、快速鲁棒性主成分分析方法与帧间差分法的检测结果对比分析。实验结果表明,与帧间差分法相比,快速鲁棒性主成分分析方法能够检出强度较弱的日冕喷流,且提高了日冕喷流检测的准确度。