CFG桩复合地基压缩模量计算方法探讨

CFG桩法在高层及多层建筑的地基处理中已有许多成功实例,在变形计算中,《建筑地基处理技术规范》（JGJ 79-2002）推荐使用复合模量法,并提供了计算复合土层压缩模量的应力比法公式。这里通过复合地基载荷试验资料,提出一种改进的面积比法公式。应用该法计算的复合地基沉降值,与建筑物的沉降观测值有较好的吻合度。     

Geotechnical Characteristics of Volcanic Beach Sands with Varying Iron Contents

One of the distinguishing features of volcanic beach sand compared to typical silica sand can be found in its relatively high iron content; however, studies on the effect of iron content on the engineering properties of volcanic beach sand have been very limited until now. Consequently, this experimental investigation quantifies the effect of iron content on the engineering properties of Ulleung volcanic beach sands, including small strain stiffness, compressibility, friction angle, and cone tip resistance. Various geotechnical experiments were performed, and test results demonstrate that the small strain stiffness increases with an increase in iron content because of the increased interparticle contact stiffness. In addition, the elastic deformation of soil particles decreases with an increase in iron content because of the greater elastic modulus of iron compared to that of silica. In contrast, the effects of iron content on the intermediate strain constrained modulus and on the large strain friction angle are insignificant, and these properties are mainly determined by state variables. The relationship between the stress-normalized cone tip resistance and the state parameter of tested Ulleung sand is very similar to that on silica sands, reflecting that the effect of iron contents on the cone tip resistance is minimal.     

Particle simulation of thermally-induced rock damage with consideration of temperature-dependent elastic modulus and strength

Based on the particle simulation method, a thermo-mechanical coupling particle model is proposed for simulating thermally-induced rock damage. In this model, rock material is simulated as an assembly of particles, which are connected to each other through their bonds, in the case of simulating mechanical deformation, but connected to each other through thermal pipes in the case of simulating heat conduction. The main advantages of using this model are that: (1) microscopic parameters of this model can be directly determined from the related macroscopic ones; (2) the temperature-dependent elastic modulus and strength are considered in an explicit manner, so that thermally-induced rock damage can be realistically simulated in a thermo-mechanical coupling problem. The related simulation results from an application example have demonstrated that: (1) the proposed model can produce similar behaviors to those observed in experiments; (2) the final failure is initiated from the outer surface of the testing sample and propagates toward the borehole; (3) microscopic crack initiation and propagation processes can be reasonably simulated at the cooling stage.     

吉林省东部山区隧道洞室开挖涌水量估算分析

隧道洞身在中等风化岩层中,水文地质条件相对比较复杂。隧道施工时需要进行人工降水,以满足施工条件,为此估算隧道洞体涌水量在设计时显得极为重要。本文以凉水隧道工程为例,应用泉水流量汇总法、地下水径流模数法和水平廊道法对隧道涌水量计算并进行对比分析,验证三种方法的合理性和有效性,为设计和施工降水提供一定的参考依据。     

小型化体积式钻孔应变仪的研制

体积式钻孔应变仪力学原理简单,易于获取可靠资料,但受尺寸限制。现有TJ-2型体应变仪的安装钻孔直径必须大于130 mm,钻孔成本较大,为减少钻孔经费,本文对体积式钻孔应变仪的小型化进行研究,计算体积式钻孔应变仪的灵敏系数和视压缩模量,并根据结果结合材料工艺,研制钻孔直径为110 mm的应变仪。     

Determination of Deformation Modulus for Lower Sands in Nakdong River Delta

The deformation modulus of sands below 30 m in the Nakdong River Delta was estimated by using various in-situ tests, such as the piezocone penetrometer (CPT), seismic dilatometer (SDMT), and pressuremeter tests (PMT). Disturbed sand samples retrieved at several depths of two boreholes were reconstituted to simulate the in-situ deposited condition using a slurry method. Thereafter, the drained triaxial compression (TX) and the resonant column (RC) tests were also conducted. The elastic modulus obtained through the application of the TX and PMT results to conventional methods led to the underestimation of the in-situ values, because the inherent characteristics of the natural sands were not considered. Thus, the non-linear modulus degradation curves were constructed using the modulus degradation from the TX, RC, PMT, and the in-situ maximum shear modulus from SDMT. Thereafter, the modulus at 25% failure stress strength was re-evaluated. The re-evaluated values from the TX were in good agreement with those from the PMT, using the unloading curves and with the existing empirical equation based on the seismic CPT. Finally, a CPT-compatible empirical formula for the deformation modulus at 25% failure strength was proposed.     

Gmax of Reclaimed Ground on the Western Coast of Korea Using Various Field and Laboratory Measurements

The maximum shear modulus of soil is a principal parameter for the design of earth structures under static and dynamic loads. In this study, the statistical data of the maximum shear moduli of reclaimed ground in the Songdo area on the western coast of Korea were evaluated using various field and laboratory tests, including the standard penetration test (SPT), piezocone penetration test (CPTu), self-boring pressure meter test (SBPT), down-hole seismic test (DHT), seismic piezocone penetration test (SCPTu) and resonant column test (RCT). Soils were classified variously by using a conventional unified soil classification system and classification charts for CPTu data. For the soils containing mostly sand and silt, the soil classifications using the classification charts for CPTu data show good agreement with the unified soil classification. Based on the statistical analysis on various maximum shear moduli, new site-specific empirical correlations between the shear moduli and SPT and CPTu values were proposed. Predictions of the maximum shear moduli using the proposed correlations were compared with the data obtained from the DHT, which is comparatively exact in evaluating the maximum stiffness of soils. The good agreement confirmed that the proposed correlations reasonably predicted the maximum shear moduli of soils in western coastal area of Korea.     

东南亚某国电厂软弱地基的工程特性研究

在对该电厂软弱地基测试、试验数据的数理统计分析基础上,通过进一步的理论分析及计算,系统地阐明了地基的变形及强度特性、剪切波速、振动周期、剪切模量及刚度系数等工程特性。笔者认为,在东南亚沿海地区的电力工程承包项目中,受地基条件复杂性和当地勘察技术局限性的制约,地基测试、试验数据存在系统性及收敛性等方面的问题。有效的工作方法应是,首先通过相应的数理统计分析,谨慎考察地基测试及试验数据可靠度的置信水平。据此进一步分析地基的工程特性,为工程建设项目的设计与施工提供可靠、完善的科学依据。     

东北地区融雪期径流及产沙特征分析

严重的水土流失已威胁到东北地区的土地资源,融雪径流及其造成的侵蚀作为该地区水土流失的重要组成部分,但相关研究较少。本文利用全区93个气象站降水资料,分析了东北地区降雪与积雪的基本特征。利用27个典型流域水文站径流泥沙资料,分析了融雪期内径流与产沙特征。结果表明:东北各地雪期长度为5~8个月,自南向北逐渐延长。年降雪量占年降水总量的比例多在7~25％,由此形成的融雪期径流深占全年径流深比例达13.3~24.9％,融雪期输沙模数占全年输沙模数比例达5.8~27.7％。融雪期流域输沙模数受地貌影响十分显著:丘陵漫岗区降雪量和径流深均低于山区,但输沙模数平均为山区的2.9倍。融雪输沙模数与流域面积有十分显著的幂函数递减关系。为揭示融雪侵蚀影响因素及其作用机理,今后应加强融雪期内流域侵蚀及产沙监测。     

水岩相互作用对砂岩单轴强度的影响研究

针对重庆地区的微风化砂岩,完成了1、3、6、10、15次的干湿循环,对循环后的试件(饱水状态)进行了单轴抗压和劈裂试验。试验结果表明,干湿循环对砂岩造成了不可逆的渐进性损伤,在15次循环后,单轴抗压强度损失达20.73%,抗拉强度达51.96%,弹性模量达33.79%,三者与循环次数之间有良好的对数关系。在干湿循环过程中,砂岩的强度损伤会出现拐点,这取决于水对砂岩的侵蚀程度。