强风化花岗岩动力学参数的试验研究

地震反应分析通常采用等效非线性模型,动剪切模量G和阻尼比λ是该模型的两个重要参数。为研究目前在大型工程建设中遇到越来越多的强风化花岗岩的动力特性,利用固定-自由型共振柱（GDS RCA）对强风化花岗岩的剪切模量和阻尼比进行试验研究。GDS RCA为一种国际上广泛应用的共振柱,具有良好的性能,利用其控制试样的固结围压和孔隙水压力,可以测得试样在不同有效应力状况下的动剪切模量和阻尼比。对比研究不同有效应力下共振频率、动剪切模量和阻尼比随剪应变的变化情况,给出其变化曲线。按照Hadin-Drnevich[1]所提出的双曲线模型,拟合动剪切模量比和阻尼比随剪应变的变化曲线。利用摩擦理论,对试样阻尼的产生机制进行探讨。试验结果表明,随着剪应变的增加,试样系统的共振频率随之减小,试样阻尼比随之增大;试样的动剪切模量和阻尼比皆与试样固结时的有效应力有关,而试样阻尼比也受孔隙水压力的影响。     

数字岩心逆建模理论下的储层参数定量预测方法

数字岩心微观孔隙结构十分复杂,有限元模拟物性参数与弹性参数之间关系是非线性的,直接反演其物性参数准确度低、稳定性差.本文发展了一种数字岩石物理逆建模方法,实现了基于数字岩心的储层参数有效预测.从数字岩心基函数的构建出发,基于有限元方法,计算了一系列具有等间距物性参数值（孔隙度、泥质含量和含水饱和度）的数字岩心弹性参数（体积模量、剪切模量和密度）,通过插值算法建立了数字岩心弹性参数三维数据集,从而实现了弹性模量的有限元数值解的快速构建;然后搜索弹性参数的单值等值面,通过等值面的空间交会得到交点,完成储层参数预测.测试结果表明：基于数字岩心逆建模理论的储层参数预测结果与实际模型一致,具有可行性,并且可以通过增加插值点数目提高预测的准确性;孔隙度和泥质含量预测结果稳定性很好,而含水饱和度对噪声的加入较为敏感.

     

基于WebGIS的地质灾害预警预报信息系统的设计与实现

论述了基于网络地理信息系统的地质灾害预警预报信息系统的总体框架结构、系统设计要点和系统功能特点,并对采用的关键技术进行了简要分析说明。系统采用部署灵活、扩展性强的三层体系结构,基于模块化思想进行设计与实现,以分布式架构集成异构的数据源,并建立了模型库管理决策模型。系统以地质灾害预警预报数据数学模型为核心,应用数据库技术、基于FeatureBase的地理信息系统技术和网络技术建立了融合通用地理信息功能与地质灾害预警预报业务功能的分布式软件系统,实现了地质灾害信息采集、传输、管理、分析、决策、发布的一体化平台。现场实施表明,该系统运行稳定,能有效为职能部门提供辅助决策支持和信息发布服务。     

动荷载作用下饱和砂土动剪模量试验研究

在50kPa、100kPa和200kPa 3种固结压力下分别对饱和度为95%、92%、88%和83%的土样进行了循环单剪试验,得到了该土样在4种饱和度、3种固结压力下的最大动剪模量Gdmax以及动剪模量比G/Gdmax-γ归一化曲线。分析得出,同一固结压力下土样的Gdmax和G/Gdmax随着饱和度的增大相对减小;随着固结压力的增大,两者数值上差异逐渐减小。最后对此种现象进行了讨论并分析了其产生的原因。     

岩石损伤模量分析

从能量的角度出发定义损伤变量,通过应力-应变曲线卸载段有效应力与总应力之间的假定关系,确定损伤模量的计算方法。在单轴和三轴条件下,对岩石损伤相关参数进行统计研究,重点对损伤模量进行计算和对比分析。结果表明,单轴及低围压下损伤模量基本呈逐渐减小的趋势,而随着围压的增大,损伤模量呈先减小后保持动态稳定的趋势。损伤变量的计算充分考虑到围压的影响,可进一步增进对岩石损伤的认识。     

Factors affecting shear modulus degradation of cement treated clay

Cement stabilization is often used to improve the bearing capacity and compressibility of soft clays. The present paper aims to investigate the shear modulus degradation of cement treated clay during cyclic loading. A series of cyclic triaxial test was conducted on artificially cement treated marine clay to study the factors affecting the shear modulus degradation. The parameters considered for the study are cement content (2.5–7.5%), curing days (7–28), cyclic shear strain amplitude (0.3–1%), number of loading cycles (1–100) and loading frequency (0.1–0.5 Hz). As in the case of natural clays, cement treated clays exhibit stiffness degradation which depends on mix ratio, curing days and loading conditions. The results show that the shear modulus degradation decreases with increase in the shear strain amplitude, cement content and curing days. It is also noted that irrespective of the mix ratio and curing conditions, the degradation decreases with increase in loading frequency. An empirical relationship is proposed to predict the shear modulus degradation based on Idriss׳s degradation model. The performance of the proposed empirical model is validated with the present experimental results.     

Support vector regression to predict the performance of stabilized aggregate bases subject to wet–dry cycles

Durability is a notion that is integrated with the performance of stabilized pavement materials. Also, because it can be quantified and measured, it carries significant influence on the design of pavements. This study focuses on using support vector machine, a machine learning algorithm, in assessing the performance of stabilized aggregate bases subject to wet–dry cycles. Support Vector Regression (SVR) is a statistical learning algorithm that is applied to regression problems and is gaining popularity in pavement and geotechnical engineering. In our study, SVR was shown to be superior to the least‐squares (LS) method. Results of this study show that SVR significantly reduces the mean‐squared error (MSE) and improves the coefficient of determination (R²) compared to the widely used LS method. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

浅谈GPS-RTK在线路横断面测量的方法

介绍使用GPS-RTK线路横断面测量的基本思路和操作方法,包括适用于GPS-RTK作业的任意中桩点切线方位角的计算和横断面线的确定,提高了横断面测量的工作效率和数据精度。     

Numerical characteristics of the full operator hybrid simulation method

The full operator method (FOM) has been proposed to overcome some of the shortcomings of the commonly used operator splitting method (OSM). In particular, the FOM is improved by increasing the accuracy of both the predictor and corrector using the estimated tangent stiffness of the tested structure. The numerical characteristics of the FOM, including stability and accuracy, are investigated in this study. It is shown that FOM is conditionally stable. The stability and accuracy characteristics are dependent on the accuracy of the estimated tangent stiffness and the parameters associated with the acceleration variation in the time-stepping integration method. Mass-spring systems with different types of nonlinearity, including hardening, stiffening, and softening behavior, are used to evaluate the performance of the FOM. It is found that the FOM can capture these types of nonlinearity with satisfactory accuracy. Using a prototype 12-story composite coupled wall system, the influences of the strong nonlinearity of the system as well as the displacement control errors from hydraulic actuators on the performance of the FOM are explored. The results show that the FOM is capable of generating reasonably accurate results despite the presence of strong structural nonlinearity and displacement control errors.     

自适应基质矿物体积模量提取和流体替换验证(英文)

岩石物理学研究中Gassmann方程被广泛应用于预测岩石中的地震波速度,由于输入的基质矿物体积模量参数不准确,极大的影响预测结果的可靠性,特别是复杂基质矿物组合的碳酸盐岩储层。因此本文结合Russell流体因子和Gassmann-Boit-Geertsma方程计算式,通过引入干岩石骨架泊松比,提出了一种基质矿物体积模量提取方法,能够自适应反演岩石基质矿物等效体积模量,提高流体影响预测的可靠性,通过实际资料流体替换验证,该方法的预测结果是可靠的,并且计算效率高、适应性强。