深埋砂层旁压特征参数的深度效应研究

深埋砂层作为一种散粒结构体系,其原状力学特性的准确测定是岩土工程中的难点问题,旁压试验是一种理想的深层原位测试方法,但在深度效应上缺乏定量评价标准。为解决旁压试验深度效应问题,采用自主研制的物理模型试验系统,模拟深埋砂层的受力状态,通过施加不同的上覆压力 模拟不同深度下的旁压试验,获得了旁压测试指标旁压模量EM、临塑压力Pf与上覆压力 之间的关系,提出了采用临塑压力Pf确定地基承载力特征值fak的修正方法。试验结果表明：旁压试验确实存在深度效应,随着试验深度的增大,上覆压力 相继增大,但旁压模量EM的变化并不明显,临塑压力Pf与上覆压力 呈线性相关关系。为深埋砂层物理力学性质的确定提供参考和依据。     

球模仪测试冻土松弛模量的非线性Kelvin解答及其试验研究

冻土的松弛模量是进行蠕变力学分析的关键参数。但在理论方面, 尚未基于球模仪试验建立较完善的松弛模量表征公式。基于半空间黏弹性理论和分数阶微积分理论, 获得了松弛模量公式的非线性Kelvin模型解答并进行了材料参数影响分析。在给出恒载条件下, 可以用单轴蠕变试验的分析结果评估基于球形压痕试验的冻土松弛模量来预测准确性。随后分别以冻结细砂的球模仪试验曲线、 冻结砂和冻结砂质黏土的单轴蠕变曲线为例, 预测了各条试验曲线和冻土的松弛模量, 并通过其他试验实测数据进行了检验。结果表明： 该松弛模量表征公式的材料参数最少, 随各材料参数变化具有较佳单调性; 基于球形模板试验, 非线性Kelvin解答能对冻结细砂的松弛模量和位移曲线做出合理可靠的预测。非线性Kelvin模型能很好地吻合单轴蠕变试验曲线, 基于单轴蠕变试验的冻结砂松弛模量随时间变化规律和数值范围与球模仪试验分析结果较一致, 冻结砂质黏土的松弛模量随应力和温度的变化规律再现了已有研究结论。     

基于改进GSI体系确定三峡地下厂房围岩等效变形模量及强度

基于地质强度指标GSI体系和Hoek-Brown强度准则, 研究岩体强度及变形模量时没有考虑到结构面产状对工程岩体参数的影响.结合三峡工程地下厂房, 根据围岩开挖面与结构面分布的空间位置关系, 确定了结构面分布对围岩结构等级SR的影响系数, 改进了GSI体系中围岩SR的统计方法, 确定了围岩的等效变形模量和强度参数.研究表明, 改进后的GSI体系求解的围岩弹性区等效弹性模量、扰动区等效变形模量和粘聚力分别减小了约15%、8%和28%的误差.      

固结时间对软粘土动剪切模量的影响

随着固结时间的增加,试样逐渐变硬的硬化效应使软粘土的动剪切模量增大;同时,随着固结时间的增加,试样高度和直径明显减小的尺寸效应,也使软粘土的动剪切模量受到显著的影响。通过软粘土自振柱试验,分析了固结时间对软粘土的最大动剪切模量、动剪切模量比和试样尺寸的影响;根据自振柱试验的基本原理,分析了试样尺寸的变化对软粘土动剪切模量的影响;结合试验得到的固结时间和试样尺寸的关系,分析了固结时间通过试样尺寸对软粘土动剪切模量的影响。     

纤维增强钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能试验研究

纤维与胶粉的掺入可以改善混凝土材料的阻尼性能。本文首先利用自主开发的三点弯曲梁式大尺寸材料阻尼测试装置在频率(0.5~2.0Hz)条件下测定了4种不同配比纤维增强阻尼混凝土的损耗因子与储存模量,然后利用配制的纤维阻尼增强混凝土制作了4个框架柱,通过单轴滞回特性试验研究了在相同的轴压比、配筋率、配箍率、剪压比条件下,纤维增强阻尼混凝土与普通混凝土在非线性阶段阻尼性能、抗震性能及破坏特征的差异,得出纤维增强阻尼混凝土的骨架曲线和恢复力曲线的特征点。试验结果表明:在弹性范围内,纤维可以大幅提高素混凝土的阻尼性能,使素混凝土的损耗因子提高大约80%~200%,但是当构件进入非线性阶段以后,材料阻尼对普通混凝土阻尼性能影响很小。     

Changes in sediment transport in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China

In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January.     

Full operator algorithm for hybrid simulation

One of the weaknesses of the operator splitting method (OSM) is that its corrector step employs the approximation that incremental forces are linearly related to the tested structure's initial stiffness matrix. This paper presents a new predictor–corrector technique in which the assumptions about the tested structure's response are shifted to the predictor step, which results in an enhancement in overall simulation accuracy, especially for nonlinear structures. Unlike OSM, which splits the displacement and velocity operators into explicit and implicit terms, the new method uses predicted accelerations to compute fully explicit displacement and velocity values in the predictor step. Another advantage of the proposed technique, termed the full operator method (FOM) is that its formulation makes it suitable for both quasi‐static and real‐time hybrid simulation. The effectiveness of FOM is first evaluated by investigating error propagation in an undamped single degree‐of‐freedom model. It is shown that the corrector step in FOM is able to significantly suppress aberrant simulation results caused by incorrect estimation of the structure's stiffness matrix. The performance of FOM is demonstrated by exercising two additional models, which exhibit significant inelastic behavior under the prescribed excitation. The simulation results show that the proposed FOM algorithm is capable of producing accurate solutions and that the corrector step is influential in effectively reducing simulation errors. It is also shown that FOM suppresses actuator displacement control errors because of its reliance on measured quantities in the corrector step. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

结晶岩的水化膨胀研究

室温下的应变实验表明 ,低孔隙度的结晶岩如花岗岩、片麻岩、闪长岩和变基性岩 ,水饱和时膨胀 ,干燥时收缩 ,这种效应是可重复的 .用水的吸附和解吸 （在相对湿度下 ） ,也可以观察到膨胀和收缩 .膨胀效应是由于表面力 （VanderWaals吸引、双电层排斥及溶剂化排斥 ）引起的 .水饱和体应变约为其孔隙度的 1 /1 0 .用庚烷饱和的体应变比用水饱和的小 .用CaCl2 溶液饱和的应变随着盐克分子浓度的增加而减小 .杨氏模量E、切变模量G、品质因数Q的准静态测量表明 ,随着相对湿度的增加 ,E、G、Q减少 ,吸附水的增加改变了孔隙内表面分子的相互作用力 .大约在岩石孔隙表面吸附达到 3个水分子层时 ,可观察到最强烈的膨胀效应 .     

用双曲线切线模量方程计算地基非线性沉降

提出了一种利用原位试验成果求解非均质非线弹性地基最终沉降的新方法。对分层原状土载荷试验或螺旋板试验成果进行双曲线拟合,建立分层原状土切线模量与竖向附加应力的关系方程;在沉降计算公式中引入附加应力修正系数,以考虑基础埋深、地基非均质非线性特征等因素对应力分布的影响;利用双曲线切线模量方程及附加应力弹性解,可准确求解地基的总沉降。通过对几个压板载荷试验成果的拟合分析,得出了各土类的双曲线切线模量方程,用于求解地基在各级荷载下的沉降。计算结果表明,计算值与实测值吻合得很好。该方法原理简单、参数可靠、结果准确,为地基沉降计算开辟了一条新途径。     

高应力下砾质心墙料切线模量研究

使用高压大型三轴仪,对某300 m级土石坝的砾质土心墙料进行了最高围压5 MPa的三轴试验。试验结果表明砾质土的应力-应变关系符合双曲线关系,抗剪强度包络线呈非线性。根据参数的物理意义,初始模量Ei应在尽可能小的应变范围内取值,最大主应力差 应在大应变范围内取值,且实际工程的应变在1 %左右,建议在?a= 0 %～3 %下取Ei值,在?a = 5 %～15 %下取 值,数据拟合表明建议取值法比传统取值法拟合度高。由于试验的围压范围较大,提出把围压分0.2～1.0 MPa,1.5～3.0 MPa,3.5～5.0 MPa三段分别取切线模量,通过回归证明拟合较好。