测井数据小波变换用于准层序研究

层序界面的识别及其内部特征是层序地层学研究的关键问题。准层序地层单元的分界面上物理性质变化明显,测井曲线表现为突变,测井数据小波变换能够表征这种突变。以东营凹陷某井为例,选取高斯小波对SP测井数据进行小波变换,得到时频色谱图和不同尺度上的小波系数曲线。选定最佳分解尺度后,依据该尺度下小波系数模极值的位置能准确识别出准层序界面。并利用测井多尺度分析方法对不同井段GR测井曲线进行分析,得到不同尺度下的低频和高频信息能够识别出准层序内部的沉积旋回类型,建立了相应的频谱响应特征。这些探索为层序界面的定量划分及其内部特征研究提供了一种新的思路。     

西南某水电站坝区岩体绿泥石化蚀变及其工程对策

西南某水电站坝区地质史上构造-热液活动复杂,岩体绿泥石化程度较高。经调查研究表明,坝区岩体绿泥石化蚀变既有热液成因,又有构造动力成因,其分布受岩性、构造、应力集中和浅表风化作用影响,在辉绿岩脉中蚀变强度最高,花岗岩中蚀变最强处往往远离断层分布,整体上由地表及深部,蚀变变弱。受蚀变影响,岩体总体性状变差,表现为变形模量偏低,结构面性状恶化。文章初步讨论了绿泥石化蚀变可能引起的主要工程地质问题及其工程对策。     

粉质黏土重塑试样在小应变条件下变形特征的试验

采用具有高精密局部位移传感器的三轴测试系统，对粉质黏土重塑试样在小应变条件下应力应变关系和剪切模量的变化规律及其影响因素进行了试验，结果表明：即使在极小应变条件下（0.0008％≤｜εs｜≤0．0021％），应力应变关系也一直保持高度非线性；在小应变条件下粉质黏土具有很高的剪切模量，且在一个很小的应变范围内迅速衰减，最后趋于一定值；剪切模量与应力状态、应力历史以及当前的加卸载方向有关，当应力方向与历史应力方向一致时，其衰减速率较快。     

In situ neutron diffraction study of deuterated portlandite Ca(OD)2 at high pressure and temperature

The structure of deuterated portlandite, Ca(OD)₂, has been investigated using time-of-flight neutron diffraction at pressures up to ∼4.5 GPa and temperatures up to ∼823 K. Rietveld analysis of the data reveals that with increasing pressure, unit-cell parameter c decreases at a rate about 4.5 times larger than that for a, which is largely due to rapid contraction of the interlayer spacing in this pressure range. Fitting of the determined cell volumes to the third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state yields a bulk modulus (K ₀) of 32.2 ± 1.0 GPa and its first derivative (K ₀′) of 4.4 ± 0.6. Moreover, on compression, hydrogen-mediated interatomic interactions within the interlayer become strengthened, as reflected by decreases in interlayer D···O and D···D distances with increasing pressure. Correspondingly, D–D, the distance between the three equivalent sites over which D is disordered, increases, suggesting a pressure-induced hydrogen disorder. This behavior is similar to that reported in brucite at elevated pressure. On heating at ∼2.1 GPa, cell parameter c increases more rapidly than a, as expected. However, because of the pressure effect, the thermal expansion coefficients, particularly along c, are much smaller than those at ambient pressure. With increasing temperature, the three partially occupied D sites become further apart, and the D-mediated interactions, mainly the interlayer D···D repulsion, become weakened.     

Implicit numerical integration for a kinematic hardening soil plasticity model

Soil models based on kinematic hardening together with elements of bounding surface plasticity, provide a means of introducing some memory of recent history and stiffness variation in the predicted response of soils. Such models provide an improvement on simple elasto‐plastic models in describing soil behaviour under non‐monotonic loading. Routine use of such models requires robust numerical integration schemes. Explicit integration of highly non‐linear models requires extremely small steps in order to guarantee convergence. Here, a fully implicit scheme is presented for a simple kinematic hardening extension of the Cam clay soil model. The algorithm is based on the operator split methodology and the implicit Euler backward integration scheme is proposed to integrate the rate form of the constitutive relations. This algorithm maintains a quadratic rate of asymptotic convergence when used with a Newton–Raphson iterative procedure. Various strain‐driven axisymmetric triaxial paths are simulated in order to demonstrate the efficiency and good performance of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

莺琼盆地岩石弹性物性规律的研究

利用岩芯实验室测试数据、全波列测井数据和地震资料对莺琼盆地纵横波地震参数及衍生参数的变化规律进行了详尽地分析和研究。含气岩芯的刚性模量、纵横波速度比和泊松比比含盐水岩芯的低得多;砂岩的纵横波速度比和泊松比比泥岩的低得多。当地层埋深超过2500m时,纵横波速度比、泊松比基本不受深度的影响。岩石密度和孔隙度的相关性很好;含盐水岩芯的纵横波速度比与孔隙度的相关性很差;含气岩芯的纵横波速度比与孔隙度的相关性稍好于含盐水岩芯;高温高压状态下的纵横波速度比和泊松比的变化也是有规律的。     

The Terrain Correction in a Moving Tangent Space

Conventionally the terrain/topographic reduction is based on the Bouguer Plate, which is flat and extends in the local tangent plane/horizontal plane to infinity. Here we aim at an error estimate of such a planar approximation of the Newton integral of the type of a disturbing potential and gravitational disturbance as linearized forms of the gravitational potential and the modulus of gravitational field intensity. To effect this quality control of the conventional terrain reduction, we first transform the spherical Newton functional from an equatorial frame of reference to an oblique meta-equatorial frame of reference with the evaluation point as a meta-North pole, and then by means of an oblique equiareal map projection of the azimuthal type to a tangent plane which moves at the evaluation point. The first term of these transformed Newton functionals is the planar approximation. The difference between the exact Newton kernels and their planar approximation are plotted and tabulated in Tables 1-3. Three configurations are studied in detail: for points at radius r = 10 km around the evaluation point the systematic error varies from 0.26% for a spherical height difference of the order of H – H* = 5 km, more than 0.80% for a spherical height difference of the order of H – H* = 1 km, and more than 1.60% for a spherical height difference of H – H* = 500 m. In contrast, the systematic error for spherical height difference H – H* = 1 km at a distance of r = 1000 km from the evaluation point increases to 44%. Indeed, the newly derived exact Newton kernels which are of the convolution type and are represented in the tangent space moving with the evaluation point can be preferably used with little extra computational effort.     

Singularity detection of the thin bed seismic signals with wavelet transform

IntroductionIn1977,Sheriff(1977)provedthedetectiftglimitthatwasdefinedasminimumthicknessofthereflectionthinbedtobel/30wavelength.Applyingthesingularitydetectionprinciplewithwavelettransforminthispaper,weanalyzethereflectionseismicsignalsofthethinbed...     

常规土类动剪切模量比和阻尼比试验研究

采用共振柱自振试验方法给出国内常规土类动剪切模量比G／Gmax和阻尼比λ变化的平均曲线,推荐值和包线,使用的共振仪是由工种力学研究所原有共振柱改装而成,并经试验验证了改装后仪器的精度可靠性,试验土类包括粘土,粉质土,粉土,砂土,淤泥和淤泥质土,土样来自国内十余个不同地区,采用折线双曲线拟合G／Gmax,λ随γ衰减关系,其中参数a和b由最小二乘法对每次试验结果回归分析得到,对同类土,将所有的a,b 值平均,用均值a和b给出动剪切模量比和阻尼比与剪应变关系,从而得到了此类土G/Gmax,λ随γ变化曲线及推荐值,试验是在两种固结压力下进行,因而得到的结构分别适用于土体埋深小于10m和埋深10m-20m之间的两种情况。