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201.
202.
Measurements of the seafloor deformation under ocean waves (compliance) reveal an asymmetric lower crustal partial melt zone (shear velocity less than 1.8 km/s) beneath the East Pacific Rise axis between 9° and 10°N. At 9°48′N, the zone is less than 8 km wide and is centered beneath the rise axis. The zone shifts west of the rise axis as the rise approaches the westward-stepping 9°N overlapping spreading center discontinuity and is anomalously wide at the northern tip of the discontinuity. The ratio of the compliance determined shear velocity to the compressional velocities (estimated by seismic tomography) suggests that the melt is well-connected in high-aspect ratio cracks rather than in isolated sills. The shear and compressional velocities indicate less than 18% melt in the lower crust on average. The compliance measurements also reveal a separate lower crustal partial melt zone 10 km east of the rise axis at 9°48′N and isolated melt bodies near the Moho beneath four of the 39 measurement sites (three on-axis and one off-axis). The offset of the central melt zone from the rise axis correlates strongly with the offset of the overlying axial melt lens and the inferred center of mantle melting, but its shape appears to be controlled by crustal processes. 相似文献
203.
塑料土工格栅拉伸特性试验研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
进行土工格栅加筋土结构现场试验时,如何将实测应变有效地转换成拉应力对正确分析结构的作用机制具有重要影响。通过室内试验,研究了不同拉伸速率对3种强度的HDPE土工格栅拉伸性能的影响。试验结果表明:土工格栅的拉伸强度和拉伸模量随拉伸速率的降低而降低,峰值应变随拉伸速率的降低而增加。土工格栅强度越高,受拉伸速率的影响越小。在特定的拉伸速率条件下,同一种土工格栅对应2%,5%,10%应变和峰值应变的拉伸强度依次增大,而拉伸模量却依次减小。试验结果具有较强的实用价值。 相似文献
204.
Melt glasses for seven types of rock ranging from acid to basic were prepared under 1.0 GPa on a multi-anvil pressure apparatus, YJ-3000 ton press. Densities and elastic properties of the melt glasses were compared with those described in previous studies. It was found that the glasses melted under 1.0 GPa were consistent in density with both naturally-occurring glassy rocks and artificially prepared glasses melted at ambient pressure. The densities of glasses are negatively correlated with the SiO2 contents and positively correlated with the (MgO+FeO) contents. The compressive velocity (Vp) of glass tends to increase with decreasing SiO2 contents and increasing (MgO+FeO) contents. The shear velocity (Vs) of glass tends to increase slightly with increasing SiO2 contents, which has little connection with the (MgO+FeO) contents. It was calculated from densities and velocities that the elastic moduli of glasses are negatively correlated with the SiO2 contents and positively correlated with the (MgO+FeO) contents. 相似文献
205.
Conventional investigations of waves–seabed interaction problems have been only concerned with the soil response due to two-dimensional linear progressive waves over a uniform seabed. However, the effects of non-linear waves which have been reported in the literature may be significantly different. In this paper, a finite element model is developed to investigate the non-linear wave-induced seabed response with variable permeability and shear modulus in a three-dimensional domain. The finite element formulations are fully presented in this paper. The numerical model is verified with the previous investigations through the reduced form of the present solution. The numerical results indicate that the influence of non-linear wave components cannot always be ignored without substantial error. Furthermore, the wave-induced seabed response is affected significantly by variable permeability in coarser seabeds and variable shear modulus in finer seabeds. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
206.
207.
A series of cyclic triaxial tests on clayey sands was carried out and attempts were made to evaluate the strain dependency of shear modulus and damping. Strain dependencies of shear modulus and damping were simply modeled. It was shown that the change in the effective confining stress with loading cycles in the undrained shear test needed to be considered particularly in the large strain range. The consideration could be made by normalizing G with G′0=AF(e)(σ′m/σmr)n, the initial shear modulus for the effective confining stress of that particular loading cycle, instead of using G0. G/G′0 was expressed by a function of γ as G/G′0=1/(1+bgγ) which was almost stress level independent for clayey sands used in this study. The damping ratio was not much affected by the confining stress. The strain dependency of the damping ratio was modeled by h=ahγ/(1+bhγ). Effects of load irregularity on the shear modulus were also investigated. The excess pore pressure and the residual strain were generated especially when the major peaks in the irregular loading were applied to the specimen. However, G/G′0 for the irregular loading could be represented reasonably well by the average curve for the uniform cyclic loading, if the excess pore water pressure and the residual strain were taken into account. 相似文献
208.
209.
基于航空工业组团阎良片区地震小区划项目中大量动三轴试验结果,通过双曲线拟合方法,得到主要土类(黄土状土、粉质粘土、粉土、细砂)在8个典型剪应变(0.000005、0.00001、0.00005、0.0001、0.0005、0.001、0.005、0.01)下的动剪切模量比和阻尼比统计值,并将得到的统计值与廖振鹏给出的建议值、陈党民等给出的典型值和袁晓铭等给出的推荐值进行比较,进一步论证土动力学参数的地域性特征。文中还探讨了土样埋深和取样手段(试样等级)对动剪切模量比和阻尼比的影响。文中给出的统计值可为该片区地震小区划中的土层地震反应模型提供参数,同时也为研究该片区场地土动力特性及重大工程地震安全性评价工作提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
210.
土体动力参数是表征土动力特性的重要指标,对抗震计算具有重要影响。利用GCTS共振柱仪对淤泥、黏土、粉质黏土和粉砂进行共振柱试验,对Hardin—Drnevich提出的双曲线模型的模量比表达式进行线性拟合与改进的非线性拟合对比研究。结果表明:改进的非线性拟合得到的曲线较线性拟合曲线更加接近原始数据点;在低应变处,非线性拟合残差小于线性拟合残差,随着应变增加非线性拟合的残差接近线性拟合残差,在大应变处线性拟合残差小于非线性拟合的残差;改进的非线性拟合的最大动剪切模量Gdmax和参考剪应变γr的标准误差及置信区间宽度均比线性拟合的结果小;拟合优度评价指标表明改进非线性拟合效果优于线性拟合效果。将线性拟合结果作为非线性拟合方法的初始值的改进方法较线性拟合方法具有更高的准确性和稳定性,并具有更高的应用价值。 相似文献