立式储罐动力反应谱分析

采用有限元方法对工程上常用的储罐进行了有限元分析。给出了相应的建模方法和有限元分析方法,结果与理论计算值进行了比较,证明该模型和采用的求解方法是可靠的。在此基础上进行了模态响应分析及动力反应谱分析,得出了储罐内力及变形值,与规范计算结果进行了比较。为今后储罐的工程设计提供了可靠的参考依据。     

威马逊台风的实测风暴海流计算及分析

采用潮流调和分析和分离等方法,分析了海流连续观测站上受威马逊台风影响的ADCP海流资料,进行了实测风暴海流的计算。结果显示,风暴海流达到了与天文潮流同等的数量级,并与风暴潮存在一定的关系,如近岸01站风暴潮增水大时,风暴海流量值较大,离岸较远的02站则是在风暴潮变化大时,风暴海流较大。     

正断层控制下冲积扇沉积过程与沉积构型模拟实验

正断层构造广泛发育于盆地内和造山带中,其对可容空间分配及沉积物分布具有明显的控制作用,从而影响了冲积扇形态。为进一步探究正断层构造对冲积扇沉积过程及其内部构型的控制作用,利用水槽实验对正断层构造发育背景下的冲积扇发育过程进行模拟再现。研究表明,携带大量沉积物的碎屑流优先在上盘近断层处泄载,后经牵引流的改造,形成沿断面垂向生长、尖端指向物源的三角形分水滩。水动力较强时碎屑流越过分水滩并在分水滩尾部发育越滩朵体,水动力较弱时碎屑流遇分水滩尖端分流后沿断面在分水滩两侧发育断面朵体。受控于断面及分水滩的阻挡,冲积扇表面不同位置的沉积物泄载过程差异较大,粒度差异明显,上盘扇体中分水滩沉积物偏粗,越滩朵体次之,断面朵体最细。冲积扇的发育过程依据分水滩砂体厚度和断距大小之间的差异,共分为3个阶段。断距大小还会影响冲积扇沉积构型,断距越大,上盘可容空间越大,分水滩发育时间越长,扇体内部砂体叠置样式越复杂。受控于正断层的冲积扇内部构型在垂直物源剖面上从近端至远端,分别发育纵向沙坝、分水滩及碎屑流朵体,在平行物源剖面上以复合水道主控、分水滩叠复体主控、多期朵体叠复体主控为主。     

自一里电站地下硐室涌突水危险性分析

地下工程涌突水是影响工程施工及运行的一个重要问题,目前对水电站地下工程涌突水危险性评价的研究较少。本文以自一里水电站为例,参考已有且较为完善的岩溶隧道涌突水及非可溶岩长深隧道涌突水的危险性评价方法,从地下水通道和地下水来源(补给)两个涌突水控制因素入手,综合分析各项要素,对自一里电站地下硐室的涌突水危险性进行初步分区。结果表明:自一里电站厂址区整体涌突水危险性较低,但在局部地段有发生涌水的可能。厂址区硐室按照涌突水危险性高低可分为较高危险区、中等危险区和低危险区。     

地震作用下立式储液罐罐壁"象足"变形仿真分析

基于ANSYS软件建立了考虑液体晃动和罐底提离立式储液罐有限元模型,分别进行了水平地震和竖向地震作用下罐壁"象足"变形分析.分析表明:立式储液罐罐壁"象足"变形主要是由罐壁纵向压应力超过临界应力而产生的局部屈曲破坏,并非强度破坏.因罐底提离导致的罐底与基础反复撞击加大了作用在罐壁上的应力,使罐壁底部"象足"变形不断发展,最终导致罐壁撕裂.在完全相同地震加速度作用下,水平地震作用比竖向地震作用罐壁更早更容易进入屈曲状态,产生"象足"变形.     

典型海湾风暴潮特征数值模拟与研究

铁山港海湾是一个遭受风暴潮灾害影响较为严重的半封闭型海湾,基于有限元海洋数学模型ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation Model)研究了1409号"威马逊"台风期间铁山港海湾的风暴潮特征及非线性作用。结果表明:当考虑天文潮与风暴潮之间的相互作用时,风暴潮水位的计算结果更加准确,只考虑纯台风影响时,计算结果会低估风暴潮增水值,高估减水值,对预报结果造成较大的误差。海湾内部的增水要远大于湾外,但是减水值则相差不大。通过对天文潮和风暴潮非线性作用的影响因子进行分析,风应力的浅水效应可以忽略,但底摩擦项和对流项影响较大。在海湾内部对流项占主导地位,与天文潮的耦合作用也较强;而在湾外,底摩擦项占优势,耦合作用在海湾内外都较强。天文潮与风暴潮相互作用产生的非线性水位在湾顶处最大可达0.94 m,出现在风暴潮最大减水时刻,风暴潮增水发生后有所减弱,非线性水位表现出从湾外向湾内递增的规律。     

基于Delft3D模型的风暴潮增减水模拟研究——以“9711”号台风为例

为了精确模拟"9711"号台风期间风暴潮增减水过程,考虑耦合作用下的非线性,利用Delft3D建立三维天文潮和风暴潮耦合模型,利用实测数据进行了验证,探究了台风经过日照港时风暴潮增减水过程。结果表明:(1)"9711"号台风引起的风暴潮增减水位呈现周期性变化,其变化周期与天文潮周期相近;(2)风暴潮期间,日照港西南侧海域增减水幅度较大,增水时,NE流向与SW流向的潮流在该区域相遇叠加,使增水幅度加重,减水时,该区域潮流由SW向NE流动,使减水幅度加重;(3)非线性引起的水位变化在风暴潮的水位变化过程中起负相关作用。     

Reconstruction of Hurricane Katrina's wind fields for storm surge and wave hindcasting

As the most costly US natural disaster in history, Hurricane Katrina fostered the IPET forensic study to better understand the event. All available observations from several hundred space-, land-, sea-, and aircraft-based measurement platforms were gathered and processed to a common framework for height, exposure, and averaging time, to produce a series of wind field snapshots at 3 h intervals to depict the wind structure of Katrina when in the Gulf of Mexico. The stepped-frequency microwave radiometer was calibrated against GPS sondes to establish the upper range of the instrument and then used to determine the wind field in the storm's core region in concert with airborne Doppler radar winds adjusted to the surface from near the top of the PBL (500 m). The SFMR data were used to develop a method to estimate surface winds from 3 km level reconnaissance aircraft observations, taking into consideration the observed azimuthal variation of the reduction factor. The “SFMR method” was used to adjust reconnaissance flight-level measurements to the surface in the core region when SFMR and Doppler winds were not available. A variety of coastal and inland mesonet data were employed, including portable towers deployed by Texas Tech University, University of Louisiana at Monroe, and the Florida Coastal Monitoring Program, as well as fixed mesonet stations from Louisiana State Universities Marine Consortium, University of Southern Mississippi, and Agricultural Networks from Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, and the Coastal Estuarine Network of Alabama and Mississippi. Also included were land- (WSR-88D VAD and GBVTD, ASOS, Metar, LLWAS, HANDAR), space- (QuikScat, GOES cloud drift winds, WindSat), and marine- (GPS sondes, Buoys, C-MAN, ships) platforms. The wind fields serve as an analysis of record and were used to provide forcing for wave and storm surge models to produce hindcasts of water levels in the vicinity of flood control structures.     

Efficient joint-probability methods for hurricane surge frequency analysis

The Joint-Probability Method (JPM) was adopted by federal agencies for critical post-Katrina determinations of hurricane surge frequencies. In standard JPM implementations, it is necessary to consider a very large number of combinations of storm parameters, and each such combination (or synthetic storm) requires the simulation of wind, waves, and surge. The tools used to model the wave and surge phenomena have improved greatly in recent years, but this improvement and the use of very large high-resolution grids have made the computations both time-consuming and expensive. In order to ease the computational burden, two independent approaches have been developed to reduce the number of storm surge simulations that are required. Both of these so-called JPM-OS (JPM-Optimal Sampling) methods seek to accurately cover the entire storm parameter space through optimum selection of a small number of parameter values so as to minimize the number of required storm simulations. Tests done for the Mississippi coast showed that the accuracy of the two methods is comparable to that of a full JPM analysis, with a reduction of an order of magnitude or more in the computational effort.     

北海市沿岸风暴潮特征研究

根据1965—2009年间影响北海市沿岸的热带气旋资料和风暴增水资料,进行统计分析北海市沿岸的风暴潮特征。结果表明:北海市沿岸平均每年发生风暴增水2—3次,其中较大以上强度的风暴增水每年0.87次,严重以上强度的风暴增水每3年有一次;北海市沿岸每年4—11月均有可能发生风暴增水,且集中在7—10月,尤以9月最多。影响北海市沿岸的热带气旋主要以西北行路径为主,且多是穿过雷州半岛或海南岛后在越南沿海登陆,此种情况下,风暴增水曲线表现为周期性波动。另外,本文还采用Pearson-Ⅲ分布和Gumbel分布来估算风暴增水频度,得出北海市沿岸不同重现期的高潮位值。