多波资料综合解释方法研究的若干进展

本文较系统地总结了多波层位识别的主要原则和方法；提出了利用井中纵、横波速度求取地层密度、孔隙度的改进方法；研制了以小波分解与重建为基础的沿层分频处理法和高分辨剖面重建方法，提高了薄层识别的横向和纵向分辨率；发展了精度高、误差小计算薄层速度的补层加权法；介绍了各向异性介质参数反演的遗传算法，走时法以及Ｐ－ＳＶ波ＡＶＯ分析等方法；建立了多波解释系统的总体框架。所提方法的有效性和正确性均经过实际地震记录和数值模拟计算的检验，对丰富多波地震资料的解释理论，形成多波解释系统，扩大应用领域，提高应用效果具有重要参考意义。     

焦作矿区电法探测导,含水构造的效果

应用直流电法仪在井下进行了工作面巷道底板电测深和掘进头超前探测，查清了工作面底板水层的富水性和掘进头前头的地质构造及含水情况。目前，大部分探测结果已得到生产实践的证实。     

甘肃桦树沟(铁)铜矿床的成因机制

矿床地质地球化学特征研究结果表明，随着古陆边缘弧－槽－盆体系的发生与发展，元古代基底火山（沉积）岩系经深循环水（海水）－热系统的作用，成矿物质被浸出和搬运，并经海底喷溢作用沉淀于海盆洼地中形成桦树沟矿床含铜建造，后期变质作用使成矿物质活化、转移和富集。桦树沟矿床为喷气（流）沉积－变质改造型（铁）铜矿床。     

我国核地球物理勘查的若干新进展

回顾了近半个世纪以来，特别是近几年来我国核地球物理勘查的发展及取得的成就．它已由50年代创建初期的单纯用于找铀矿，发展到现在在环境科学、水文地质和工程地质、寻找油气田、钾盐、磷矿、铜锡矿等方面的全方位应用；在理论上有所突破，方法技术上有所创新，并已逐步走向系列化和标准化；在与其他学科相互渗透方面得到了发展；以及在油气、煤炭测井的测试仪器等方面也都有重要进展．本文还对核地球物理今后的发展提出了看法，首先，为适应多领域应用和方法技术本身的发展，应深化应用基础理论研究；其次，要发展和提高测量结果的推断解释水平，研究消除、减少干扰因素的理论和技术；第三，应更多地运用近代科学技术的新成果，创立自已的理论和方法；第四，要根据经济的发展和生产的需要，使核物探稳步走向市场．     

中国水文、工程、环境物探的回顾和展望

回顾了我国水文、工程和环境物探近50年的历史，简介了我国水文、工程、环境物探发展的四个阶段．重点论述了我国能源、交通和城市工程物探在电力、铁路、水利建设以及海洋平台工程建设等领域内取得的重大成就；介绍了水资源和地热物探在农业、工业和城市建设中的重要贡献；分析了我国水文、工程、环境物探的技术进步；最后提出了发展方向．     

马山金（硫）矿床地球物理地球化学找矿模式

根据矿床的地球物理地球化学异常特征，磁异常与金矿体的关系，地球化学异常及其垂向分带规律，归纳出矿床地球物理地球化学找矿模式和找矿标志。     

从综合地层学观点论华南浅海相泥盆系—石炭系的分界

生物地层学、事件地层学和层地层学综合研究表明，华南浅海相区与Ｓｉｐｈｏｎｏｄｅｌｌａｐｒａｅｓｕｌｃａｔａ带和Ｓ．ｓｕｌｃａｔａ带之间的界线相当的泥盆系－石炭系的界线不仅高于Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ带楔界，而且还应高于引起Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ绝灭的海退事件层的顶界。     

A Least-squares Approach to Depth Determination from Numerical Horizontal Self-potential Gradients

We have developed a least-squares minimization approach to depth determination of a buried ore deposit from numerical horizontal gradients obtained from self-potential (SP) data using filters of successive window lengths (graticule spacings). The problem of depth determination from SP gradients has been transformed into the problem of finding a solution to a nonlinear equation of the form f(z)=0. Formulas have been derived for vertical and horizontal cylinders and spheres. Procedures are also formulated to estimate the electrical dipole moment and the polarization angle. The method is applied to synthetic data with and without random noise. Finally, the validity of the method is tested on two field examples. In both cases, the depth obtained is found to be in a very good agreement with that obtained from drilling information.     

Estimation of Site Effects in Beijing City

— For the realistic modeling of the seismic ground motion in lateral heterogeneous anelastic media, the database of 3-D geophysical structures for Beijing City has been built up to model the seismic ground motion in the City, caused by the 1976 Tangshan and the 1998 Zhangbei earthquakes. The hybrid method, which combines the modal summation and the finite-difference algorithms, is used in the simulation. The modeling of the seismic ground motion, for both the Tangshan and the Zhangbei earthquakes, shows that the thick Quaternary sedimentary cover amplifies the peak values and increases the duration of the seismic ground motion in the northwestern part of the City. Therefore the thickness of the Quaternary sediments in Beijing City is the key factor controling the local ground effects. Four zones are defined on the base of the different thickness of the Quaternary sediments. The response spectra for each zone are computed, indicating that peak spectral values as high as 0.1 g are compatible with past seismicity and can be well exceeded if an event similar to the 1697 Sanhe-Pinggu occurs.     

Dynamik der Schilfröhrichte am Bodensee unter dem Einfluss von Wasserstandsvariationen

On the basis of different sets of aerial photos the dynamics of the reed bed areas of Lake Constance were investigated in relation to the dynamics of the water levels. The objectives of the study were to quantify the changes of reed areas due to different flood events in the last decades and their recovery in the time periods between these events. The results should given information of the relevance of water level variations on reed bed dynamics and the regeneration times of reed beds after extreme disturbance events.Following the extreme flood at Lake Constance in 1999 the reed belts of Lake Constance lost approximately 30 ha (24%) of the lakeside reed beds. The loss is comparable to the situation in the late 1960s, when approximately 40 ha died back due to the extreme flood in 1965 and the high spring water levels in the subsequent years. In the time period between the extreme floods of 1965 and 1999, the reed areas expanded to nearly 85% of the area before 1965. The expansion rates increased with increasing distance to the flood event of 1965. Especially in periods with series of years of low spring water level the expansion rates were high.The damage degrees of the reed areas in the years 2000 and 2002 showed a clear relation to the elevation (i.e. average water level) of the stands. The damage degree increased with decreasing elevation. Furthermore the regeneration process of severely damaged stands was related to the elevation level of the stands. Whereas stands at high elevation regenerate fast, those at low elevation died off completely in the years after the extreme flood. This supports the hypothesis that the water level flutuations play a major role in the reed dynamics of Lake Constance.As a consequence of the climate change an increase in the frequency of high spring water levels is expected. Thus, it seems unlikely that reed stands will ever expand again to the same area as before 1965.