Dynamics in land-surface conditions on the Tibetan Plateau observed by Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR)

Abstract

A time series analysis of 152 VV-polarized Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) Wide Swath Mode (WSM) images collected over the central part of the Tibetan Plateau is presented for the period from April 2005 to September 2007. The signatures of a grassland and a wetland are studied to identify the impact of three land-surface states on the backscatter (σ°). The considered land-surface states are soil moisture, soil temperature and vegetation biomass represented by Système Pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Comparison of the σ° time series with these land-surface states via a multivariate regression shows that the grassland σ° are well represented by the soil moisture dynamics, while the wetland σ° also has a strong correlation with soil temperature. Further, we found that the contribution of the NDVI to the explanation of the temporal σ° variability is limited for both the grassland and wetland.     

高温高压合成翡翠的溶胶-凝胶法粉料制备的工艺方法探索

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成具有翡翠成分的玻璃料,再对其进行高温高压处理,实现玻璃体向晶质硬玉的转化,从而得到合成翡翠。从金属醇盐浓度、pH值、去离子水的添加量、水浴温度四个方面探讨了最佳凝胶条件。常规宝石学特征测试、偏光显微镜下岩矿薄片分析、X射线粉末衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱表明,合成翡翠与天然翡翠的常规宝石学性质相近,其结晶矿物为硬玉,样品的结晶转化程度较好,具有硬玉的标准红外特征吸收峰。     

An improved building detection approach using L-band POLSAR two-dimensional time-frequency decomposition over oriented built-up areas

The objective of this study is to efficiently extract detailed information about various man-made targets in oriented built-up areas using polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) images. This paper develops an improved approach for building detection by utilizing Two-Dimensional Time-Frequency (2-D TF) decomposition. This method performs outstandingly in distinguishing between man-made and natural targets based on the isotropic behaviors, frequency-sensitive responses, and scattering mechanisms of objects. The proposed method can preserve the spatial resolution and exploit the advantages of TF decomposition; specifically, the exact outlines of buildings can be effectively located, and more types of features (e.g., flat roofs, roads, and walls that are oblique to the radar illumination) can be distinguished from forests in complex built-up areas by 2-D TF decomposition. The coarser-resolution subaperture images that are produced in the azimuth direction, which correspond to different looking angles, are beneficial for detecting man-made structures with main scattering centers oriented at oblique angles with respect to the radar illumination. In the range direction, the obtained subaperture images, which correspond to various observation frequencies, can be helpful in distinguishing flat roofs and roads from forests. This method was successfully implemented to analyze both NASA/JPL L-band AIRSAR and L-band EMISAR data sets. The building detection results of the proposed method exhibit a significant improvement over those of other methods and reach an overall accuracy over 80%, with approximately 20% higher than the accuracies of K-means clustering and the entropy/alpha-Wishart classifier and approximately 10% higher than the accuracy of the support vector machine method. Moreover, building details can be precisely detected, obliquely oriented buildings can be identified, and the distinction between buildings and forests is significantly improved, as both visually and statistically indicated. This method is highly adaptable and has substantial application value.     

OpenGL在三维地质模型可视化中的应用

本文介绍了作者在将ＯｐｅｎＧＬ应用于三维地质模型可视化中的经验与体会。首先介绍了用ＯｐｅｎＧＬ显示三维地质模型的几个技术关键。包括模型绘制、投影变换、取景、ＴＩＮ表面显示、旋转、颜色与材料等。然后介绍了笔者基于ＯｐｅｎＧＬ的剪变换和缓冲区累加功能提出了的”切片合成法”的原理、用途、应用注意事项和应用于煤田地质勘探中煤层底版等高线图制做的实例。     

RBF网络在铅锌多金属矿综合物化探找矿预测中的应用

由于矿床定位影响因子较多,并且这些因子与矿床位置间存在着非常复杂的非线性关系,所以一直以来,矿床定位只能实现定性化预测。RBF神经网络可以实现从输入到输出的高度非线性映射,能够使矿床预测由定性预测发展为定量预测。这里应用RBF神经网络法对浙江某地区铅锌矿进行了综合物化探找矿预测,结果表明,该方法具有很高的准确率,与实际地质情况吻合率很高,可以定量用作对隐伏矿床的预测。     

人造气液包裹体方法及其在研究热液性质中的应用

人造气液包裹体方法在研究热液的物理化学性质方面较传统方法简便、易行。它可用于研究热液的等容线、不混溶性质及矿物在热液中的溶解度。本文解释了人造气液包裹体的合成方法和人造气液包裹体方法的原理,分述了应用此方法研究热液所取得的最新成果。此法不仅能用于研究热液的性质,也能用于其它方面的研究,具有广阔的前景。     

吉林江源小石人金矿综合勘查方法研究

对小石人金矿区进行的实验性地质测量剖面显示, 土壤地球化学法、电阻率法、激发极化法和能谱测量法等能指示矿化蚀变分带。土壤地球化学测量中: Au、Ag、As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni、Bi、 Hg和V等元素的地球化学浓集趋势有效指示出矿化集中区和蚀变带, Mn元素还可做为金矿化区的边界指示元素。地球物理测量结果显示两种信息模式: ① 高阻、高极化、相对低磁、低K和低总计数率在空间上对应硅化蚀变带地段; ②低阻、低极化、相对高磁、高K和高总计数率对应于石英斑岩侵入体地段。综合信息推断出硅化蚀变带出现在石英斑岩侵入体两侧, 经过工程控制在石英斑岩南北两侧发现两条矿带, 证实找矿模型正确, 并发现金矿脉两条, 计算储量为5.2 t。     

均匀流体和不均匀流体的形成机制:来自合成流体包裹体的证据

为详细了解流体的形成机制, 对系统的流体包裹体合成实验进行研究.研究表明, 在合成流体包裹体实验中, 广泛存在流体的均一化和沸腾作用; 流体的均匀与否, 与流体p-t轨迹在TP (H₂O)-CP(H₂O)-CP(NaCl-H₂O) 曲线的部位有密切的关系.p-t轨迹在曲线上部的流体为均匀流体, 反之则为沸腾流体.但也有例外, 如在溶解曲线上被主矿物捕获的流体.这为本次研究一定条件下流体的形成机制、探讨成矿作用提供了理论依据.      

DUT-1非冻结合成模型冰的弯曲强度

简介了DUT-1非并结合成模型冰的功能，给出DUT－1模型冰的弯曲强度的测试装置和设备，讨论该模型冰在不同加载速度下的破坏方式和发生峰值弯曲强度的条件，通过悬臂梁上弯和下湾实验结果，说明DUT－1模型冰的各向同性，检验了浸水模型冰性能的稳定性和模型冰湿密度对峰值弯曲强度的效应。