场地条件对地下管道地震破坏的影响分析

地下管道破坏受到场地岩土条件和断层的制约,如何分析场地条件对地下管道地震破坏的影响,是城市地下管道建设中面临的突出问题。采用ADINA建模的定义体操作,选定合适的体类型,应用布尔操作实现了管道与土体和断层之间的融合,得到地下管道破坏分析的几何模型。通过模型参数选择,确定了岩土性质、管道特性、断层等模型参数,定义了管土摩擦、地震荷载时间函数、断层荷载和约束条件。依据计算结果,分析了管土摩擦、埋深、断层参数以及断层活动性等场地条件对地下管道地震破坏的影响,并给出了结论和工程建议。     

沾化凹陷中、新生代断裂发育及其形成机制分析

在采用断层活动速率定量分析断裂活动性的基础上,就印支运动以来沾化凹陷断裂的发育期次、组合特点、成因机制等进行了研究和探讨。结果表明：中、新生代济阳坳陷沾化凹陷的断裂发育受控于欧亚构造域的西伯利亚板块、扬子板块与华北板块的挤压拼接和滨太平洋构造域及其郯庐断裂带的活动两大构造体系域;晚三叠世NW向逆推断层的发育为华北板块与扬子板块挤压拼接时产生的板内局部挤压调整效应;晚侏罗世—白垩纪NW向断层发生的构造反转是在太平洋板块俯冲造成地幔上涌所产生水平拉张背景下郯庐断裂左行走滑的结果;燕山—喜山构造阶段过渡期郯庐断裂由左旋至右旋的转换,则导致了研究区断裂发育由NW向至NE(NEE)向的转型。     

大巩山金矿床构造控矿作用分析

大巩山金矿床在大地构造上处于中朝地块东南缘的蚌埠隆起东段,郯庐断裂带的两条次级断裂——朱顶-石门山断裂和五河-红心铺断裂所夹持的部位.矿区内出露五河群最下部的西堆组,并构成蚌埠复背斜的核部,断裂有北北东向、南北向、北西西向和北东向4组.南北向断裂在宏观上控制金矿体的产状和规模.向西缓倾的南北向断裂控制石英脉型金矿体的发育和产出,而向东陡倾的南北向断裂控制构造蚀变岩型金矿体的产出,这是与不同时期南北向断裂成生演化和岩浆活动作用密切相关的,也与该区及邻区成矿年代学研究成果相一致.     

Changes in structural style of normal faults due to failure mode transition: First results from excavated scale models

The effects of failure mode transition from tensile to shear on structural style and fault zone architecture have long been recognized but are not well studied in 3D, although the two modes are both common in the upper crust of Earth and terrestrial planets, and are associated with large differences in transport properties. We present a simple method to study this in physical scale models of normal faults, using a cohesive powder embedded in cohesionless sand. By varying the overburden thickness, the failure mode changes from tensile to hybrid and finally to shear. Hardening and excavating the cohesive layer allows post mortem investigation of 3D structures at high resolution. We recognize two end member structural domains that differ strongly in their attributes. In the tensile domain faults are strongly dilatant with steep open fissures and sharp changes in strike at segment boundaries and branch points. In the shear domain fault dips are shallower and fault planes develop striations; map-view fault traces undulate with smaller changes in strike at branches. These attributes may be recognized in subsurface fault maps and could provide a way to better predict fault zone structure in the subsurface.     

Geoelectrical structure and hydrogeological investigations of the southern Rif Cordillera (Morocco)

An electrical prospecting survey is conducted in the Rharb basin, a semi‐arid region in the southern part of the Rifean Cordillera (Morocco) to delineate characteristics of the aquifer and the groundwater affected by the marine intrusion related to Atlantic Ocean. Analysis and interpretations of electrical soundings, bi‐logarithmic diagrams and the geoelectrical sections highlight a monolayer aquifer in the southern part, a multilayer system in the northern part of the Rharb basin and lenticular semi‐permeable formations. Several electrical layers have been deduced from the analysis of bi‐logarithmic diagrams: resistant superficial level (R₀), conducting superficial level (C₀), resistant level (R), intermediary resistant level (R′), conducting level (Cp) and intermediary layer of resistivity (AT). Spatial distribution of the resistivity deduced from the interpretation of apparent resistivity maps (AB = 400 and 1000 m) and the decreasing of resistivity values (35–10 Ωm), in particular in the coastal zone show that this heterogeneity is related to several anomalies identified in the coastal area, which result from hydraulic and geological processes: (i) heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity in particular in the southern part of the Rharb; (ii) lateral facies and synsedimentary faulting and (iii) the relationship between the electrical conductivity and chloride concentration of groundwater shows that salinity is the most important factor controlling resistivity. The distribution of fresh/salt‐water zones and their variations in space along geoelectrical sections are established through converting subsurface depth‐resistivity models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

遥感技术在川藏铁路车站选址中的应用

川藏铁路拟选康定车站地处高山峡谷区,地形高差大,地质环境复杂,车站选址难度极大。为研究该铁路关键节点车站选址问题,本文充分运用高分辨率遥感技术,辅以热红外、InSAR等遥感新技术,对拟选车站选址区的活动断裂、不良地质等重大工程地质问题进行了详细判释和综合分析,遴选出三道桥设站为最优方案,可以为拟选车站选址及该段方案稳定提供重要依据,并指导工程地质调绘和勘探工作。结果表明:该方法效果良好,对于类似复杂艰险山区车站选址工作具有参考价值。     

过汶川地震主断裂科学钻WFSD-1反射地震采集方法研究

横穿龙门山地震反射剖面系列探测是WFSD工程中的一项重要研究内容.通过WFSD-1先导孔区二维反射地震的观测方法研究和试验,实现了预期目标:(1)在震后恶劣的天气、陡峭地形和地表严重破裂、破碎、滑塌等困难条件下,获得了WFSD工程首条分辨率较高的二维反射地震剖面;(2)从地学研究目的出发,结合龙门山地区的复杂地震地质条...     

Relocation of aftershocks of the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake and its implication to seismotectonics

From 14:28 (GMT+8) on May 12th,2008,the origin time of MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,to December 31th,2008,more than 10 000 aftershocks (M≥2.0) had been recorded by the seismic networks in Sichuan and surrounding areas.Using double difference algorithm,the main shock and more than 7 000 aftershocks were relocated.The aftershocks distribute about 350 km long.The depths of aftershocks are mainly between 10 km and 20 km.The average depth of aftershocks is about 13 km after relocation.In the southwest,the distribut...     

利用小震分布和区域应力场确定磁县1830年7.5级强震断层面参数

对邯郸地震台网1984-2008年记录的磁县小地震,作双差定位,然后根据定位结果,对磁县历史强震断层参数作反演计算,求解磁县历史强震断层走向、倾角等特征参数,根据当地应力场来估算磁县历史强震断层的滑动角.     

邢台地区隐伏断裂地球化学探测

本文利用土壤气氡方法对邢台地区5条隐伏断裂的重点地段进行了12个剖面的定位探测。结果发现,断裂带中地球脱气现象十分强烈,而远离断裂地球脱气则迅速减弱。在12个测量剖面中,A级异常点(段)有9个。经过数据处理和对比分析,在排除可能的干扰因素的基础上,应用气氡异常给出了5条目标隐伏断裂在地面延伸的较精确的位置。