基于位场信息的伊舒地堑莫里青断陷西北缘断裂性质

伊舒地堑边缘断裂不仅控制了盆地的空间形态,而且在很大程度上控制了盆地的结构、构造发育特征和盖层沉积。本文利用1∶5万重、磁资料研究了地堑内莫里青断陷西北缘断裂性质,得出了区内NE—SW向断裂为边界主断裂,呈现出张性特征,属高角度正断层,近EW向断裂,呈现出压性特征,属高角度逆断层的结论。     

Seismicity and stress evolution in heterogeneous faults with various degrees of roughness

We investigate the effects of the spatial distribution of stress drop ratios (SDRs) on the fault of an earthquake sequence as well as stress evolution. To achieve this, we test four fault models, each with its own SDRs which differ with regard to wavelength components (roughness) but which share first-order similarity and the same mean value. We assume rupture processes are quasi-static and fluid-controlled. The evidence clearly shows that the locations of large earthquakes are more sensitive to distribution than to the values of the SDRs. For this reason, it is expected that reducing fault roughness should increase the number of large earthquakes but decrease the number of small ones. It is also clearly apparent that a clustered distribution of large earthquakes should be more frequently observed on heterogeneous faults, especially in areas with small gradient values of the SDRs. These phenomena are consistent with our finding that long-wavelength components of stress usually develop in areas with low gradients of the SDRs. A fault with a smoother distribution of SDRs should, therefore, exhibit a greater likelihood to generate large earthquakes. By contrast, in that a rough fault covers a smaller area on which long-wavelengths can develop, it should result in fewer large earthquakes but a much more highly clustered distribution.     

Active transfer fault zone linking a segmented extensional system (Betics, southern Spain): Insight into heterogeneous extension driven by edge delamination

Pliocene and Quaternary tectonic structures mainly consisting of segmented northwest–southeast normal faults, and associated seismicity in the central Betics do not agree with the transpressive tectonic nature of the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary in the Ibero-Maghrebian region. Active extensional deformation here is heterogeneous, individual segmented normal faults being linked by relay ramps and transfer faults, including oblique-slip and both dextral and sinistral strike-slip faults. Normal faults extend the hanging wall of an extensional detachment that is the active segment of a complex system of successive WSW-directed extensional detachments which have thinned the Betic upper crust since middle Miocene. Two areas, which are connected by an active 40-km long dextral strike-slip transfer fault zone, concentrate present-day extension. Both the seismicity distribution and focal mechanisms agree with the position and regime of the observed faults. The activity of the transfer zone during middle Miocene to present implies a mode of extension which must have remained substantially the same over the entire period. Thus, the mechanisms driving extension should still be operating. Both the westward migration of the extensional loci and the high asymmetry of the extensional systems can be related to edge delamination below the south Iberian margin coupled with roll-back under the Alborán Sea; involving the asymmetric westward inflow of asthenospheric material under the margins.     

关于手持GPS测定活断层位置中求解坐标系统转换参数的问题

测定活断层的坐标、绘制活断层空间位置分布图,是城市活断层探测的一个重要目的。手持GPS可以方便、快捷的测定目标点的WGS-84坐标,测量精度也满足1∶1万地形图的要求。本文介绍如何求解系统转换参数,将WGS-84坐标转换为我国目前使用的是1954年北京坐标系或1980年国家大地坐标系。进而可以利用GIS技术建立活断层信息管理数据库系统。     

贺西地区中-晚古生代盆地性质刍议

贺西地区处于北祁连加里东褶皱带、阿拉善地块与鄂尔多斯地块的交汇处,多期构造活动造就了本区复杂的构造和成盆历史。该区晚古生代早中期处于早古生代洋盆体制与中生代陆内盆地发育期的转换时期,对该时期盆地的性质及其成因争议颇多。本文通过贺西地区晚泥盆世和早中石炭世同沉积正断层及其相关地质现象的论述并结合前人的研究成果,对贺西地区晚古生代早期盆地的性质及其成因进行了讨论,认为该期盆地既非碰撞裂谷,也非前陆盆地,而是造山后伸展型上叠盆地,同时认为该伸展盆地的形成与古特提斯洋等的形成具有一定的同步性,具有一定的区域地质意义。该区石炭系烃源岩条件良好,东部地区是油气勘探的有利区。     

山系的分维及山系与断层系关系──以中国为例

以中国山系为例运用分形理论对山系分布是否具有分形性质进行了统计分形分析,并探讨了山系分维的地学意义.在此基础上,根据分维的相关性,进行了山系、断层系关系的研究,从一个新的角度进行了断层系形成机制的探讨.     

试论断层分类

对传统的根据断层两盘相对运动方向的形态分类提出补充意见,它们应该包括:(1)正断层;(2)逆断层;(3)平移断层;(4)水平断层;(5)垂直断层;(6)开口断层。同时提出原生断层与借生断层,真正断层与视正断层等新概念及其分类。     

Stress field and seismicity in the Indian shield: Effects of the collision between India and Eurasia

Intraplate stresses and intraplate seismicity in the Indian subcontinent are strongly affected by the continued convergence between India and Eurasia. The mean orientation of the maximum horizontal compression in the Indian subcontinent is subparallel to the direction of the ridge push at the plate boundary as well as to the direction of compression expected to arise from the net resistive forces at the Himalayan collision zone, indicating that the intraplate stresses in the subcontinent, including the shield area, are caused by plate tectonic processes. Spatial distribution of historic and instrumentally recorded earthquakes indicate that the seismic activity is mostly confined to linear belts while the remaining large area of the shield is stable. The available conventional heat flow data and other indicators of heat flow suggest hotter geotherms in the linear belts, leading to amplification of stresses in the upper brittle crust. Many of the faults in these linear belts, which happen to be 200–80 m.y. old, are being reactivated either in a strike-slip or thrust-faulting mode. The reactivation mechanisms have been analyzed by taking into consideration the amplification of stresses, pore pressures, geological history of the faults and their orientation with respect to the contemporaneous stress field. The seismicity of the Indian shield is explained in terms of these reactivation mechanisms.     

试论截直断裂与地震——以华北的3条北东向断裂为例

截直断裂是发育在大型的走滑或斜滑断裂带末端的分支断裂，断裂带长期反复活动，在其末端，因地壳应力消散或减弱，断裂走向发生急剧转折之后，在转折点附近产生了截直断裂，截直断裂的性状可以归纳为如下几点：（１）发育于接近主干断裂末端的转折点附近，其走向与主干断裂的总体走向一致，性状与主干断裂相似；（２）切割的地层或控制的沉积较的裂为新；（３）断裂的长度较小，断面较主干断裂为陡，（４）形成的时代为主干断裂发育     

Environmental applications of magnetometry profiling

Environmental impact assessment is currently a standard procedure for assessing the possible consequences of any particular activity that may cause degradation of the environment. Magnetometry profiling, which involves accurate measurements of the Earth's magnetic field at closely spaced stations is a technique that has a large number of environmental applications that can greatly improve this assessment. The technique has been applied successfully for waste disposal site evaluation, toxic waste detection, assessment of the quality of roadstone before excavations and can provide information that allows subsurface water movement models to be refined. Magnetometry profiling is inexpensive, nondestructive, and a very costeffective method of acquiring useful information about the environment.