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991.
Introduction Earthquake magnitude is the most common measure of an earthquake′s size,and is one of the basic parameters of an earthquake.There are three most familiar scales of earthquake magnitude:ML(local earthquake magnitude),MS(surface wave magnitude)and mB/mb(body wave magni-tude).Richter(1935)introduced ML when studying earthquakes in Southern California.In1945,Gutenberg(1945a)put forward surface wave magnitude scale to determine earthquake magnitude(MS)using surface waves(20s)of s… 相似文献
992.
Introduction Scattering of incident waves by local topographies is one of the most attractive topics in the field of engineering seismology. They can be resolved by either a numerical method or an analyti-cal method. The numerical methods include finite difference method, finite element method, boundary element method, etc. The analytical method is the wave function expansion method. Al-though numerical methods can be used for arbitrary-shaped topographies, the analytical solutions are still … 相似文献
993.
40Ar/39Ar method is a high precision dating means, of which the age is obtained by contrasting the un- known sample with those of standards. Usually the age of standard is determined by K-Ar method in which the 38Ar spike should be added for measurement. However, the absolute concentration of 38Ar spike is measured through the calibrated standards in turn, al- though occasionally the concentration of 38Ar spike is determined by other dating methods, such as Rb-Sr, U-Pb methods, which is kn… 相似文献
994.
In situ cosmogenic ~(10)Be dating of the Quaternary glaciations in the southern Shaluli Mountain on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
It is generally considered that four-times ice age happened during the Quaternary epoch on the Tibetan Plateau. However, the research on the chronology of the four-times ice age is far from enough. The Shaluli Mountain on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau is an ideal place for plaeo-glacier study, because there are abundant Quaternary glacial remains there. This paper discusses the ages of the Quaternary glaciations, based on the exposure dating of roche moutonnée, moraines and gla- cial erosion surfaces using in situ cosmogenic isotopes 10Be. It is found that the exposure age of the roche moutonnée at Tuershan is 15 ka, corresponding to Stage 2 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope, suggesting that the roche moutonnée at Tuershan is formed in the last glacial maximum. The expo- sure age of glacial erosion surface at Laolinkou is 130―160 ka, corresponding to Stage 6 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope. The oldest end moraine at Kuzhaori may form at 421―766 kaBP, corre- sponding to Stages 12―18 of the deep-sea oxygen isotope. In accordance with the climate charac- teristic of stages 12,14,16 and 18 reflected by the deep-sea oxygen isotope, polar ice cores and loess sequence, the oldest end moraine at Kuzhaori may form at stage 12 or stage 16, the latter is more possible. 相似文献
995.
Andrey M. Korjenkov J. Ramon Arrowsmith Christopher Crosby Ernes Mamyrov Lyubov A. Orlova Irina E. Povolotskaya Kubatbek Tabaldiev 《Journal of Seismology》2006,10(4):431-442
A paleoseismological study of the medieval Kamenka fortress in the northern part of the Issyk-Kul Lake depression, northern Tien Shan in Kyrgyzstan, revealed an oblique slip thrust fault scarp offsetting the fortification walls. This 700 m long scarp is not related to the 1911 Kebin Earthquake (Ms 8.2) fault scarps which are widespread in the region. As analysis of stratigraphy in a paleoseismic trench and archaeological evidence reveal, it can be assigned to a major twelfth century a.d. earthquake which produced up to 4 m of oblique slip thrusting antithetic to that of the nearby dominant faults. The inferred surface rupturing earthquake apparently caused the fortress destruction and was likely the primary reason for its abandonment, not the Mongolian–Tatar invasions as previously thought. 相似文献
996.
Extensive computer simulations aimed at testing a hypothesis that impact craters may explain the scaling behaviour of surface
spectra are presented. The simulations show that indeed crater effects alone may explain the spectral scaling of Mars’ topography
revealed from MOLA data. The range of the scaling exponents obtained for a wide range of simulation parameters does not exceed
the limits observed for Mars. The simulations suggest that the shape of large craters is the key factor leading to the two
scaling ranges in the surface spectra. Particular values of the scaling exponents may additionally depend on the depth-diameter
relationship and the crater size distribution. 相似文献
997.
Wang Fei He Huaiyu Zhu Rixiang Sang Haiqing Wang Yinglan Yang Liekun 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(5):461-470
Four international standards, Ga1550, MMhb-1, Lp-6, Bem 4M, and one domestic standard BT-1 have been intercalibrated. The
repeated measurements on MMhb-1 with different mass demonstrate that MMhb-1 is inhomogeneous in age and its average age is
519.8 Ma. The results of Bern 4M and Lp-6 reflect that they have an invariable value of 40Ar*/39Ark (F) and the ages we obtained are consensus with their K-Ar age: Lp-6=127.7Ma; Bern 4M=18.2 Ma. Analyses of BT-1 age spectra,
Ca/K and Cl/K spectra as well as inverse isochrons indicate that the sample is homogeneous and invariable and keeps close
chemically, with its trapped argon isotope composition close to the atmosphere. The dating results show that age values are
reproducible and steady, total fusion age, step-heating age, plateau age and isochron age are in accord with each other within
the error range (2σ). Therefore, we recommend 28.7 Ma as the calibrated age of BT-1.
We also discuss the variation in neutron flux gradients of Beijing 49-2 reactor. It was found that the neutron flux gradient
varies considerably, and more monitors (standard samples) are needed to fix the trend of variation. The coefficient of the
49-2 reactor that transfers the ratio of production rate of 37ArCa/39ArK into Ca/K ratio is 1.78. This is different from that reported earlier, 2.0, which may be caused by the reconstruction of
the reactor. 相似文献
998.
This paper focuses on interpreting the different spatial relationships between NDVI and T
s, a triangular or a trapezoid, and on analyzing transformation conditions, the physical and ecological meanings of the vegetation
index-surface temperature space as well. Further, we use the Temperature-Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) to explain the existent
meaning of a triangular space after NDVI reaches its saturated state by employing the relationships between NDVI, LAI and
evapotranspiration. The specific relations between NDVI and T
s are useful for describing, validating and updating land surface models. 相似文献
999.
Evaporation over a Heterogeneous Land Surface: EVA_GRIPS and the LITFASS-2003 Experiment—An Overview
The Evaporation at Grid/Pixel Scale (EVA_GRIPS) project was realised in order to determine the area-averaged evaporation over a heterogeneous land surface at the scale of a grid box of a regional numerical weather prediction or climate model, and at the scale of a pixel of a satellite image. EVA_GRIPS combined surface-based and airborne measurements, satellite data analysis, and numerical modelling activities. A mesoscale field experiment, LITFASS-2003, was carried out in the heterogeneous landscape around the Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg (MOL) of the German Meteorological Service in May and June, 2003. The experiment was embedded in the comprehensive, operational measurement program of the MOL. Experimental determination of surface fluxes on a variety of spatial scales was achieved by employing micrometeorological flux stations, scintillometers, a combination of ground-based remote sensing instruments, and the Helipod, a turbulence probe carried by a helicopter. Surface energy fluxes were also derived from satellite data. Modelling work included the use of different Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Transfer schemes, a large-eddy simulation model and three mesoscale atmospheric models. The paper gives an overview on the background of EVA_GRIPS, and on the measurements and meteorological conditions during LITFASS-2003. A few general results are discussed. 相似文献
1000.
柴达木盆地北缘超高压变质岩的围岩长英质片麻岩锆石LA—ICP—MS定年 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
柴达木盆地北缘大柴旦地区超高压变质岩的围岩--长英质片麻岩的主要矿物组合为石榴子石 蓝晶石 多硅白云母 条纹长石 石英 斜长石,形成压力在800MPa以上.在阴极发光图像内部结构研究的基础上,利用LA-ICP-MS对该长英质片麻岩中锆石的变质微区进行了详细的原位微区U-Pb定年,得到206Pb.238U加权平均年龄为427.2 Ma±4.5 Ma,对应的Th/U为0.01~0.06.该年龄与本区已有的榴辉岩的围岩超高压泥质片麻岩、石榴子石橄榄岩的变质年龄在误差范围内一致. 相似文献