复杂环境工况下大型深基坑工程施工技术运用

杭州萧山华润万象汇项目开挖面积大且深度较深,地理位置特殊复杂,基坑紧临地铁车站及盾构隧道、河流、大型地下管线及建筑群等,对控制基坑变形、漏水等有着非常高的要求,如何顺利、安全完成此类工程的施工值得广泛思考和研究。本文结合工程施工实例,通过对复杂环境工况下深基坑工程关键施工技术的阐述及监测数据的分析,总结并验证了施工中所采取方法和技术措施的适用性和可靠性,保证了基坑施工安全。     

基于二维浅水方程的滑坡体兴波数值模型

基于有限体积方法和结构化网格,建立了海底滑坡引起的波浪传播数值模型。模型控制方程为考虑了海床随时间变化的二维浅水方程。采用中心迎风格式计算控制体界面数值通量,采用线性重构技术、局部海床高程处理技术和全隐式离散底摩阻项,保证了格式的和谐性、守恒性和水深非负性,有效处理了海岸动边界问题。时间积分采用具有强稳定性质的二阶龙格-库塔方法（ssp RK）。针对滑坡体兴波经典算例开展数值模拟,将计算结果与解析解、实验结果及其他模型计算结果进行比较和分析。结果表明,对于所考虑的计算工况,模型能较合理地模拟滑坡兴波的产生、传播和爬高过程。     

A Hybrid Finite-Volume and Finite Difference Scheme for Depth-Integrated Non-Hydrostatic Model

A depth-integrated, non-hydrostatic model with hybrid finite difference and finite volume numerical algorithm is proposed in this paper. By utilizing a fraction step method, the governing equations are decomposed into hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic parts. The first part is solved by using the finite volume conservative discretization method, whilst the latter is considered by solving discretized Poisson-type equations with the finite difference method. The second-order accuracy, both in time and space, of the finite volume scheme is achieved by using an explicit predictor-correction step and linear construction of variable state in cells. The fluxes across the cell faces are computed in a Godunov-based manner by using MUSTA scheme. Slope and flux limiting technique is used to equip the algorithm with total variation dimensioning property for shock capturing purpose. Wave breaking is treated as a shock by switching off the non-hydrostatic pressure in the steep wave front locally. The model deals with moving wet/dry front in a simple way. Numerical experiments are conducted to verify the proposed model.     

Improving the CoLM in Taklimakan Desert hinterland with accurate key parameters and an appropriate parameterization scheme

Improving and validating land surface models based on integrated observations in deserts is one of the challenges in land modeling. Particularly, key parameters and parameterization schemes in desert regions need to be evaluated in-situ to improve the models. In this study, we calibrated the land-surface key parameters and evaluated several formulations or schemes for thermal roughness length (z 0h ) in the common land model (CoLM). Our parameter calibration and scheme evaluation were based on the observed data during a torrid summer (29 July to 11 September 2009) over the Taklimakan Desert hinterland. First, the importance of the key parameters in the experiment was evaluated based on their physics principles and the significance of these key parameters were further validated using sensitivity test. Second, difference schemes (or physics-based formulas) of z 0h were adopted to simulate the variations of energy-related variables (e.g., sensible heat flux and surface skin temperature) and the simulated variations were then compared with the observed data. Third, the z 0h scheme that performed best (i.e., Y07) was then selected to replace the defaulted one (i.e., Z98); the revised scheme and the superiority of Y07 over Z98 was further demonstrated by comparing the simulated results with the observed data. Admittedly, the revised model did a relatively poor job of simulating the diurnal variations of surface soil heat flux, and nighttime soil temperature was also underestimated, calling for further improvement of the model for desert regions.     

水氮耦合对膜下滴灌棉花产量效应的探讨

为了探讨膜下滴灌棉花水肥耦合效应,于2003-2004年在新疆北疆雨水较少地区开展不同水氮条件对棉花产量效应的大田试验研究。结果表明,在该试验条件下,土壤水分对产量的作用最大,氮肥次之;水氮耦合的产量效应表现为适宜土壤水分中施肥量效果最高,高土壤水分中施肥量次之,低土壤水分低施氮量最低;水氮交互大小的顺序是水氮耦合＞土壤水分＞施氮量;获得最高籽棉产量5253kg/hm2的灌水量为4190m3/hm2,施氮量为276kg/hm2。     

EVALUATION OF CONVECTIVE-STRATIFORM RAINFALL SEPARATION SCHEMES BY PRECIPITATION AND CLOUD STATISTICS

In this study,two convective-stratiform rainfall partitioning schemes are evaluated using precipitation and cloud statistics for different rainfall types categorized by applying surface rainfall equation on grid-scale data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulation.One scheme is based on surface rainfall intensity whereas the other is based on cloud content information.The model is largely forced by the large-scale vertical velocity derived from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment(TOGA COARE).The results reveal that over 40% of convective rainfall is associated with water vapor divergence,which primarily comes from the rainfall type with local atmospheric drying and water hydrometeor loss/convergence,caused by precipitation and evaporation of rain.More than 40% of stratiform rainfall is related to water vapor convergence,which largely comes from the rainfall type with local atmospheric moistening and hydrometeor loss/convergence attributable to water clouds through precipitation and the evaporation of rain and ice clouds through the conversion from ice hydrometeor to water hydrometeor.This implies that the separation methods based on surface rainfall and cloud content may not clearly separate convective and stratiform rainfall.     

绳索取心钢球偏斜技术原理及应用

在贵州某磷矿区钻孔施工中,由于地层水敏性导致钻孔出现掉块、坍塌,局部超径、沉渣增多等,发生钻具扭断、埋钻等事故。采用绳索取心钢球支撑小径锥面钻头定位偏斜技术对事故进行处理,经济有效。     

深基坑复合支护技术三维数值模拟研究

北京市某深基坑工程深19.7 m,采用土钉墙与桩锚相结合的复合支护技术,取得了很好的支护效果。采用有限差分法对该工程的典型支护形式开展了三维数值模拟研究,得出了在分步开挖过程中,土钉墙支护中土钉的工作方式和受力历程,以及桩锚支护中护坡桩与锚杆之间的受力协调过程,并与基坑边坡位移及支护体受力的实测数据进行了对比分析,为深基坑复合支护技术的发展和设计提供科学的指导依据。     

山东省优势大地构造相划分初步方案

大地构造相是反映陆块区、造山系和叠加造山-裂谷相系形成演变过程中的一套岩石构造组合,是表达大陆岩石圈板块经历离散、聚合、碰撞、造山等动力学和地质构造作用过程而形成的综合产物。根据优势大地构造相的划分原则与沉积岩、火山岩、侵入岩和变质岩建造构造等特征,山东大地构造相可划分为3个相系（Ⅰ级）、4个大相（Ⅱ级）、17个相（Ⅲ级）和51个亚相（Ⅳ级）。