无结构网格二维河口海岸水动力数值模式的建立及其应用

为完全拟合河口近海复杂岸线和工程结构以及有效局部加密,设计并建立了一个无结构三角形网格二维河口海岸水动力数值模式。空间离散主要基于有限体积法以保证守恒性,时间积分采用预估修正法以提高精度。水位在三角形网格中心通过连续方程求解;水平x方向和y方向的流速U和V均在网格边中点上通过动量方程求解。流速平流项的求解中采用了TVD格式。TVD流速平流通量为一个一阶迎风格式通量和一个二阶格式通量的组合,一阶格式通量和二阶格式通量根据流速的局部分布情况得出配比,最终组合得到TVD通量。TVD格式具有低耗散和无频散的优点,提高了模式的稳定性。应用实测资料验证建立的模式,结果显示水位、流速和流向的计算值与实测值均符合良好。     

显式完全平方守恒差分格式在近岸海流数值模拟中的应用

用显式完全平方守恒差分格式及其改进分解算法对南海月平均流和海面起伏进行了数值模拟，与隐式完全平方守恒差分格式相比，计算时间可省３—５倍，具有良好的时间效益，而且，其计算效果不比隐式完全平方守恒差分格式差。因此，显式完全平方守恒差分格式及其改进分解算法具有良好的实用价值。     

新旧国家标准地理信息分类体系的对比分析

从分类体系和语义一致性两个方面,利用定性和定量分析的方法,对比分析了新旧国家标准地理信息分类体系之间的差异,指出了新标准存在的主要问题,并提出了一些可行性的修改意见。     

Sensitivity Study of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in 1998 to Different Cumulus Parameterization Schemes

In this study, the improved high-resolution regional climate model of the China National Climate Center (RegCM_NCC) is used to examine the sensitivity of the simulated circulation and rainfall during the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) period during 1998 in an effort to compare to other cumulus parameterization schemes. The investigation has indicated that the model is capable of simulating the seasonal march of the SCSSM and that the results were very sensitive to the choice of cumulus parameterization schemes. It seems that the Kuo cumulus parameterization scheme simulates the process of the SCSSM onset reasonably well, which can reproduce the onset timing and dramatic changes before and after the onset, especially the upper- and lower-level wind-fields. However, there are still some discrepancies between the simulations and observations. For example, the model can not completely simulate the intensity of the rainfall or the location of the western Pacific subtropical high as well as the feature of the rapid northward propagation of seasonal rain belt.     

一套有效简易验潮站建设方案的设计

简易验潮站具有投资少、见效快的优点,是长期验潮站的一种有益补充。作者对厦门地区简易验潮站建设与应用情况进行了系统总结,提出了一种简易验潮站的建设方案。该方案经实践检验证明可以解决在一定环境条件下简易验潮站长期、连续、准确验潮的问题,从而提高社会效益和经济效益,具有良好的推广示范价值。     

Compact and tunable mid-infrared source based on a 2 μm dual-wavelength KTiOPO4 intracavity optical parametric oscillator

Using a double resonant KTiOPO₄ (KTP) intracavity optical parametric oscillator operating at degenerated point of 2 μm, we demonstrate a unique mid-infrared source based on difference frequency generation in GaSe crystal. The output tuning range is 8.42-19.52 μm, and a peak power of 834 W for type-I phase matching scheme and 730 W for type-II phase matching scheme are achieved. Experimental results show that this oscillator is a good alternative to the generator of a compact and tabletop mid-infrared radiation with a widely tunable range.     

Introducing a transferable fishing day management regime for Pacific Island countries

On 1 December 2007, eight ‘Small Island Developing States’ in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean implemented a management regime restricting the total number of days fished by tuna purse seine vessels within their waters, commonly referred to as the Vessel Day Scheme (VDS). The VDS is seen as one component of management arrangements to reduce fishing mortality on bigeye and yellowfin tuna, constrain fishing effort, and increase the rate of return from access fees by Distant Water Fishing Nations.     

GNSS控制网方案优化与数据处理分析

GNSS布设平面控制网已在工程项目中得到广泛应用.获得满意的平差结果的前提条件为:①高质量的基线数据;②约束GNSS控制网的已知点精度足够高,使得GNSS控制网的整体精度不受已知点约束而有明显改变;③优化的平差方案;④科学严密的平差模型.通过对某项目GNSS控制网的布设进行优化设计,并利用不同软件对观测数据进行处理分析...     

甘肃矿业的经济社会支撑度分析

甘肃是我国矿产资源相对丰富的省区之一,矿种齐全,分布面广,部分矿种的探明资源储量大,有色和贵金属矿产具有比较优势。在经济持续快速发展的新时期,矿产资源的经济社会支撑和保障能力是需要认真分析的战略问题。本文从甘肃实际出发,以统计数据为依据,分析了矿产资源对甘肃经济社会发展的支撑能力,提出了矿产资源开发和可持续利用的政策措施。     

Abrupt behaviours of streamflow and sediment load variations of the Yangtze River basin,China

Monthly sediment load and streamflow series spanning 1963–2004 from four hydrological stations situation in the main stem of the Yangtze River, China, are analysed using scanning t‐test and the simple two‐phase linear regression scheme. Results indicate significant changes in the sediment load and streamflow from the upper reach to the lower reach of the Yangtze River. Relatively consistent positive coherency relations can be detected between streamflow and sediment load in the upper reach and negative coherency in the middle and lower reaches. Interestingly, negative coherency is found mainly for larger time scales. Changes in sediment load are the result mainly of human influence; specifically, the construction of water reservoirs may be the major cause of negative coherency. Accentuating the human influence from the upper to the lower reach results in inconsistent correlations between sediment load and streamflow. Decreasing sediment load being observed in recent years has the potential to alter the topographical properties of the river channel and the consequent development and recession of the Yangtze Delta. Results of this study are of practical significance for river channel management and evaluation of the influence of human activities on the hydrological regimes of large rivers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.