豫冀鲁不同级序旋扭构造体系和油气富集规律

新华夏系第二沉降带华北沉降区受郯庐断裂中新生代应力方式及应力场的影响,广泛发育了不同级序旋扭构造体系,控制了不同级序复式油气聚集区带的形成分布。油气主要富集在内旋回层和撒开端,弧形断裂内侧和构造运动活跃期形成的低级序扭动构造中,对指导油气勘探开发有重要意义。      

西安白鹿塬黄土渗透性与含水条件

为查明黄土与古土壤入渗特征和地下水富集条件,对西安白鹿塬中更新世黄土与古土壤进行了10个层位30余个实验点的入渗实验、孔隙度、磁化率与CaCO₃含量的测定。结果表明,黄土层含水空间发育好,入渗率较大,利于构成含水层;黄土层与古土壤层入渗率与含水空间的差别主要是当时气候与成壤作用不同决定的。CaCO₃结核具有致密的结构,常常是非常好的隔水层。将任家坡剖面渗水实验数据用三种入渗公式分别进行拟合得出,经常采用的三个经验公式中考斯加可夫能普遍适用于描述50万年来发育的黄土和古土壤层的入渗规律,计算结果为水文和农业部门应用黄土入渗经验公式提供了重要参考值。本文的研究拓宽了第四纪气候变化理论应用的新领域,表明更新世气候变化在黄土地层土壤水和地下水资源富集条件、富集规律和水资源开发利用研究中有重要应用价值。     

The enrichment characteristics of mercury in the sediments of Dongjiu and Xijiu, Taihu lake catchment, in the past century

The concentration and the enrichment factors of mercury (Hg) in the sediment cores of Dongjiu and Xijiu, Taihu Lake catchment, were studied. The accumulation fluxes, anthropogenic input concentration and anthropogenic accumulation fluxes of Hg in recent 100 years were also analyzed based on the 210Pb dating. The results indicate that the increasing concentrations of Hg in the sediments are influ-enced by natural factors and anthropogenic input simultaneously. Generally, about 2/3 of the Hg in the sediment was from anthropogenic sources. In the early 20th century, the anthropogenic input was owing to the urban development and fossil fuel consumptions surrounding the Taihu Lake and the worldwide atmospheric deposition of Hg since the industrial revolution. The concentration and an-thropogenic fluxes of Hg increased with the industrial development in the catchment since the 1930s. It reached the maximum during the middle 1970s and middle 1990s, and decreased since the middle 1990s with constraints on high pollution industries.     

Magmatic source enrichment by slab-derived melts in a young post-collision setting, central Mindanao (Philippines)

Central Mindanao was the locus of a Pliocene (4–5 Ma old) arc–arc collision event followed by basaltic to dacitic magmatism starting at 2.3 Ma, representing the most voluminous volcanic field in the Philippines. Lava compositions range from calc-alkaline to shoshonitic. Adakites and Nb-enriched basalts are among the magmatic products. All the lavas are Na-rich (up to 4.88%), with Na₂O/K₂O ratios from 2.5 to 6.5. Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions are similar to MORB, except for some shoshonitic lavas that have slightly less radiogenic Nd ratios. K-enrichment in basalts can be related to both fractional crystallization (FC) at moderate pressures and to partial melting of an enriched source. Trace element systematics indicate that the sub-central Mindanao mantle is characterized by the presence of garnet, phlogopite, amphibole, and perhaps some titanate phase. The enrichment of this source is attributed to the interaction of slab-derived melts, i.e., adakites, with the arc mantle. This would explain the presence of Nb-enriched basalts, transitional adakites and high-magnesium andesites, as well as the bulk Na-enrichment and relatively unradiogenic character of the central Mindanao lavas. We envision an ion-exchange type of enrichment, in which the HFSE, LILE and LREE, mobilized during slab melting, are preferentially enriched in the metasomatized mantle, resulting in a diversity of post-collision magma compositions. The MORB-like isotopic signatures of the central Mindanao lavas preclude important contributions of slab-derived hydrous fluids, sediments, continental crust or an OIB-type contaminant. Slab melting after cessation of subduction is deemed possible by thermal rebound of previously depressed geotherms. Initial contributions to mantle enrichment in post-collision sites may thus come from slab melts. In most other cases of post-collision magmatism, however, this signature can be easily masked by enrichments coming from other sources, e.g., the continental lithosphere.     

青海德尔尼黄铁矿型铜-钴矿床的氧化带特征探析

德尔尼CuCo矿床的氧化带和次生硫化物富集带是不发育的 ,这与气候、构造、地形、矿石成分、侵蚀时间都有一定的关系。矿区地形陡峻 ,地下水宣泄过速、风化剥蚀速度较快以及CuSO4 溶液的大量流失和少部分下渗则是次生富集带缺失的主要原因。     

长江与黄河沉积物稀土元素随粒度变化对比研究

依据Stoke定律将长江小于63 μm的沉积物分成4个粒级.将黄河小于63 μm的沉积物分成6个粒级.采用ICP-MS法分别测试了分粒级沉积物的REE含量,结果显示：相同粒级中长江沉积物的∑REE均高于黄河沉积物.长江沉积物REE的丰度遵循元素的“粒度控制律”,即随粒度变细∑REE含量依次增高;黄河沉积物∑REE呈“高-低-高”的不对称马鞍型分布;北美页岩标准化分布曲线均呈右倾状,轻重稀土分馏明显,相对富集LREE,具弱Ce亏损,明显的Eu正异常.长江与黄河沉积物REE组成特征差异与两条河流流域的风化作用及沉积物的矿物组成密切相关,黄河∑REE的马鞍型分布是细粒级中黏土矿物吸附及粗粒级中相对高含量的重矿物富集作用的结果,而长江沉积物随粒级增大∑REE的衰减趋势主要是随粒级增大逐步增加的石英和长石含量的稀释作用所造成.     

全球变化对草地土壤微生物群落多样性的影响研究进展

全球变化对人类生存环境的影响已成为当前全世界共同关注的焦点。草地分布十分广泛, 且大多位于生态脆弱带, 对全球变化响应十分敏感。当前, 有关全球变化对草地生态系统影响的研究主要集中于地上植被部分, 对于生态系统物质循环关键参与者和草地碳源汇的重要调节者--土壤微生物的研究相对较少。本文综述了全球变化因子, 包括CO₂浓度、气温、降水及氮沉降等因素及其交互作用对草地土壤微生物群落多样性影响的相关研究进展, 并在此基础上对当前研究中的一些不足之处进行剖析, 对未来研究需关注的问题和研究方向进行了讨论和展望。     

铊地球化学和铊超常富集

铊的地球化学性质受其电子构型和地质地球化学作用制约。铊原子处于基态时的电子构型为6S26P1。铊有两个地球化学价态,正一价和正三价,自然界多数呈正一价。铊的电子构型和地球化学性质,使其具有低温成矿、亲硫;高温分散、亲石的双重地球化学性质。在低温高硫还原环境,铊表现出强烈的亲硫性,不仅与汞、锑、砷、铜、铅、锌、铁、金、银等一道参与有色金属和贵金属矿床的成矿作用,而且形成铊的硫化物矿物、铊矿体和铊矿床;在高温低硫环境中,铊表现出明显的亲石性。由于铊的地球化学和结晶化学性质与钾、铷、铯很相近,因此使铊以类质同象形式进入长石、云母、闪石、白云石、迪开石、高岭石等矿物中,导致铊分散。作者尝试性提出,铊超常富集是指其含量普遍达到大于铊成矿的工业品位(n×10-4)或大于铊地壳丰度(0 75×10-6)100倍以上。铊矿区矿物、岩石、土壤、水体、生物和人体中铊含量明显高,且普遍是判别铊超常富集的标志。     

松辽盆地协尔苏地区泉头组一段砂体及铀矿化特征分析

松辽盆地南部协尔苏凹陷泉头组一段分为上、下两部分,下部为以泥石流为主的冲积扇相沉积,上部为冲积扇-辫状河相沉积.分析表明：下部砂体泥砾混杂、粒度较粗,不利成矿;上部主要发育两层砂体,砂体厚5~40 m,延伸稳定,有利于砂岩型铀矿化的形成.根据泉一段砂体的岩石学特征、岩石化学特征、后生氧化-还原特征认为,由于深部有机流体的后生还原作用及基底-盖层贯通断裂继承性活动对下部层位煤层气进行纵向疏导,泉一段砂体后生地球化学环境改变为还原环境,主要表现为发育煤成烃油浸砂岩及烃类质量分数很高,砂岩由原生红色褪色化成灰色、灰绿色;在此基础上,后期叠加层间氧化作用,但由于下部层位煤层气持续作用,本区氧化特征不明显,氧化砂岩以浸染状、斑点状、团块状和条带状残留于还原砂岩中.通过分析协尔苏凹陷钻孔岩心铀钍含量及铀矿化特征,认为达官五家子地段、塔林布敦吐地段泉一段砂体铀含量高,铀的活化迁移作用明显,砂体存在铀的后生富集;铀的存在形式主要为吸附铀,为黏土矿物及有机质,铀矿物主要为沥青铀矿.分析认为研究区具有较好的铀成矿潜力.