硫化物细菌氧化作用机理研究

从硫化物矿床酸性矿坑水中分离的细菌Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans直接作用于硫化物,有效地加速了硫化物的氧化过程。在细菌作用下硫酸铁可溶解微粒金,显示了细菌是硫化物矿床氧化带中金表生富集的重要微生物因素。在细菌氧化过程中,高浓度Fe~(3+)和SO_4~(2+)的硫酸盐溶液直接形成草黄铁矾;而在低浓度Fe~(3+)的硫酸盐溶液中形成针铁矿。同时,细菌的耐酸性和氧化功能,为酸性矿坑水的处理提供微生物化学途径。     

牦牛坪稀土矿床黑色土状风化物中富Eu、Y次生稀土的迁移富集及其经济价值

耗牛坪稀土矿床之氧化带，广泛分布泥化率为１４．３３％─２４．６０％的．黑色土状风化物，其次生ＲＥＯ含量在２．０６％─６．６７％；Ｅｕ＿２Ｏ＿３和Ｙ＿２Ｏ＿３的配分为０．４３％─０．６３％和１．１２％─５．１８％，是矿石、工业矿物氟碳铈矿的数倍到数十倍。次生稀土是在弱碱性介质条件下发生分馏而富集中重稀土的，黑色土状风化物中的Ｍｎ－Ｆｅ非晶质体是富Ｅｕ、Ｙ等次生稀土富集体，是选矿矿泥的主要部分，如能综合开发利用将产生巨大的经济和社会效益。     

A CASE STUDY ON SANDSTORM

The favourable synoptic situation and climate background for a sandstorm process,which occurred in the period 9-16 April 1988,have been studied through analyzing weather maps,meteorological elements,satellite cloud pictures and sandstorm trajectories.The sand dust origin area,the directions and the paths of sand dust transport,and the extent the sand dust reached are also investigated.The results of measurments and analysis indicate that the concentration of sand dust particles is 10 times greater than the normal.It is also shown that the elements in the sand dust are lithophylic and come from natural source through the chemical composition analysis of the sand dust,so that the sand dust has not been polluted by human activities.     

开封古城不同朝代文化层重金属积累与污染分析

开封古城黄泛沉积形成的“城摞城”奇观为文化层重金属积累与污染分析提供难得的材料。在开封市城区（师专钻孔和医专钻孔）和郊区（金明钻孔）分别获取25 m连续岩芯,大部分按10 cm间隔分样,共获得657个沉积物样品。用ICP-MS和AFS方法测定样品Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn、Hg、As、Ni、Cr和Co含量。结合地层¹⁴C年代数据、考古发掘及历史文献记载,建立不同朝代文化层年代框架,开展文化层重金属积累与污染分析。结果表明：师专、医专和金明钻孔均存在战国、宋金、明早期、明中期、明晚期和清代6个文化层。文化层大部分重金属发生不同程度富集,以Hg富集最为明显,城区钻孔明早期以前文化层达到强富集至极强富集水平。绝大多数文化层发生了重金属轻度至中度污染,中度污染发生在城区钻孔的宋金文化层。城区钻孔的最主要污染重金属是Hg,其次是Cu、Pb和Zn;郊区钻孔的主要污染重金属是Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb。不同朝代文化层重金属污染程度与其人口密度呈正相关。明早、中、晚期文化层污染程度逐渐减轻的现象可能与明朝开封城复兴与频繁的黄河泛滥有关。     

众源车辆轨迹加油停留行为探测与加油站点提取

针对当前加油站点信息采集成本高、更新周期长等问题,提出了运用车辆轨迹数据提取加油站点的方法。首先,从轨迹运动特征、几何模式等方面分析个体和群体加油行为轨迹特征。其次,基于Stop/Move模型,集成加油轨迹运动特征提出速度序列线性聚类算法提取加油停留轨迹。最后,运用Delaunay三角网层次聚类加油停留轨迹线,综合运用傅里叶形状识别、语义约束等方法识别、提取加油站点。运用北京市7d的出租车轨迹数据进行试验分析,共提取482个加油站,正确率为93.1%,且位置精度高。     

大型内陆坳陷湖盆低渗储层富油理论与实践

以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区三叠系延长组低渗透砂岩油藏为例,基于大量基础地质、地球物理和地球化学分析资料,指出鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组石油富集主要受稳定构造背景、低孔渗储层与高效优质烃源岩良好配置等多种因素控制。以长7油页岩为主、多层段有效烃源岩的高效生烃是石油富集的基础,低渗储层与高效烃源岩的直接大面积接触及烃源岩的异常高压驱动下的高效排油是低渗储层石油富集的关键;稳定的构造背景和低渗透储层的强烈非均质性是石油保存的根本。在延长组储层普遍致密的背景下,有效烃源岩的排烃范围和有效储层的分布共同控制了石油富集地区。勘探实践已表明,大型内陆坳陷湖盆低渗储层富油理论可有效指导油气勘探,已发现了亿吨级大油气田。     

中印度洋海盆表层沉积物稀土元素分布特征及富集规律

对中印度洋海盆14个站位的表层沉积物进行了稀土元素(REE+Y,简称REY)分布特征和富集规律研究.结果表明,样品中REY主要富集于沸石黏土和远洋黏土中(稀土元素总量最高为1239×10?6),且明显富集钇(Y)等重稀土元素(Y富集系数高达14.1,重稀土元素和Y富集系数最高为11.6);富稀土沉积物呈明显Ce亏损,发...     

Banded iron formation to high-grade iron ore: a critical review of supergene enrichment models

All the major worldwide direct-shipping iron ore deposits associated with banded iron formations (BIF) are characteristically deeply weathered. They extend to considerable depths below the water table and show well-preserved primary structures and textures, but characteristically most deposits contain no evidence of chert bands being present prior to weathering. Recent studies have found evidence of hydrothermal and/ or metamorphic influences in the development of certain ore deposits and new genesis models such as the supergene-modified hypogene model have been postulated for major high-grade iron ore deposits. Nevertheless, there are many high-grade deposits that show no evidence of hypogene alteration and for which a hypogene or metamorphic genesis is unreasonable that are automatically ascribed to supergene enrichment, commonly erroneously attributed to lateritic weathering in tropical environments. Laterite (sensu lato) is a soil formation in which primary textures are destroyed and is underlain by a pallid zone showing the preservation of chert and the depletion, not enrichment, of iron oxides and thus is totally incompatible with the formation of the high-grade ore deposits. Various theories and models that purported to explain the conditions under which such a uniquely BIF-related dissolution of quartz and residual accumulation of hematite could occur by supergene processes typically conflict with current understanding of groundwater hydrology, chemistry, weathering processes and soil formation.Supergene enrichment of ore is universal in the leaching of gangue minerals such as iron silicates, carbonates and apatite and supergene enrichment of BIF to low-grade ore is common in near surface environments above the water table such as ferrugenised BIF outcrops, detrital ore deposits, and some shallow ore deposits that have been subjected to prolonged exposure to fresh meteoric water. In all cases of supergene enrichment traces of the chert bands are visible and the dissolution or replacement processes for the removal of quartz are clear, in direct contrast to the most important deep saprolite ore deposits that show no trace of chert bands.The widespread acceptance of an inappropriate and untenable supergene enrichment model inhibits search for the true origin of the ore and our ability to predict and find concealed high-grade ore deposits.     

铧厂沟金矿床北部控矿剪切带地质特征及金的富集规律

野外调研和室内分析结果表明。区域韧性剪切带在铧厂沟金矿床非常发育，并经历了右行—左行—右行多期（次）活动。北部控矿韧脆性剪切带是区域韧性剪切带演化的产物，以左行剪切为主。位于铁夹树—庙湾北部厚层灰岩的下部。北部金矿带受北部控矿剪切带控制，长度大于1km．厚度约70cm，从地表延伸至1120m标高。未见尖灭趋势。黄铁矿是该类矿石中最重要的金属矿物。自然金是主要金矿物。有明金和显微金两种。矿石结构构造较为复杂。集中反映了热液矿床的构造特征。矿带的形成可划分为热液期和表生期。原生矿石中绝大部分明金、显微金中的包体金和裂隙金都与黄铁矿密切相关。黄铁矿（Ⅰ）经历了韧脆性变形。因而是金的最佳载体矿物。北部韧脆性剪切带的多期（次）活动，使金富集成为工业矿体。结合地质特征，预测该矿带可延伸至1120m以下一定深度。     

湘西狮子山铅锌矿床矿化富集特征及控矿因素——湖南花垣—凤凰地区铅锌矿整装勘查系列研究之一

位于湖南省北西部的湘西花垣狮子山铅锌矿,具有稳定的含矿层位,铅锌矿资源量巨大。铅锌矿的含矿岩层为寒武系下统清虚洞组质纯的含藻屑石灰岩和砂屑石灰岩,岩层单层为厚层至巨厚层,含矿岩层厚度为22.6~237.1m。在含矿岩层中按上、中、下3个部位赋存矿体。在全面总结狮子山铅锌矿床矿化富集特征的基础上,对控矿因素进行了初步分析。