Long-term hydrological,biogeochemical, and ecological data for the Kuparuk River,North Slope,Alaska

The Kuparuk River, located on Alaska's North Slope, is one of the most studied rivers in the Arctic. For nearly 40 seasons, physical, chemical, and biological parameters have been monitored continuously in a 5 km, 4th-order reach of the river during the short summer season when there is flow in this river. Flow decreases as the tundra begins to refreeze in the late autumn and these streams normally remain frozen until the spring freshet. The monitoring program has supported a 34-year phosphorus enrichment experiment conducted by the Arctic Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) program. Enrichment with phosphorus dramatically changed the structure and function of the primary producer community in the fertilized reach, with cascading effects in higher trophic levels. The datasets generated by this experiment have revealed significant increases in flow-weighted mean concentrations of nitrate and significant decreases in flow-weighted mean concentrations of dissolved organic N and P over time. In this paper, we present an overview of the nutrient concentration, discharge, macroinvertebrate, and Arctic grayling population datasets we have collected. The purposes of these datasets are to track changes resulting from the enrichment experiment, support ancillary research on responses of an Arctic stream to climate warming and permafrost thaw, and to provide input and validation data for models to predict future changes in Arctic streams.     

Identifying evaporation fractionation and streamflow components based on stable isotopes in the Kaidu River Basin with mountain–oasis system in north‐west China

Based on stable isotopes in stream water, groundwater, and meltwater in the Kaidu River Basin, NW China, we estimated the evaporation enrichment of stable oxygen isotopes in different types of water and separated the contribution of each streamflow component in river run‐off. Our results indicated that δ¹⁸O and δ²H in stream water did not vary with altitude regularly but with seasons, with low concentrations in spring and high concentrations in summer. However, the seasonal variations of δ¹⁸O and δ²H in groundwater were not as obvious. The mean evaporation enrichment was between 26% and 44% for δ¹⁸O. Of the various water types under investigation, we found glaciers were influenced the most, showing an evaporation enrichment of 44%, followed by oasis groundwater (37%), stream water (36%), and mountain groundwater (26%). Overall, meltwater and groundwater were the predominant streamflow components, with their contributions were governed by temperature, and varied both temporally and specially. In the oasis region, groundwater was the predominant contributor (64% in spring, 50% in summer, and 66% in autumn), whereas in the mountains, groundwater was the dominant in spring (53%) and autumn (51%), and meltwater contributed the most in summer (52%). Precipitation contributed less than 15% to the streamflow.     

尼龙织物作为金的新富集剂的研究和应用

以新的微量金的富集剂－－尼龙（聚己内酰胺主体）织物分离富集金为基础,拟定了原子吸收光度法、金试剂分光光度法测定金,并在多种物料中应用。测定结果与标准值、火试金法、活性炭富集法相符,ＲＳＤ〈４％。尼龙织物吸附金后以金试剂显色制备的色阶,进行目视比色,基分辨可达０．２μｇ。     

Eh—pH相图在玉龙铜矿床次生富集作用研究中的应用

玉龙铜矿床表生成矿过程中成矿物质主要呈碳酸盐络合物的形成迁移。以孔雀石,蓝铜矿组合为主的次生富集带是在碱性,氧化的环境中形成的,所以它们相对靠近氧化带的上部及碳酸盐岩发育的地区分布。以赤铜矿,自然铜组合为主的次生氧化物富集带形成环境为弱氧化－还原,它们常靠近氧化带的中,下部分布。表生成矿环境中ＣＯ２含量高是玉龙铜矿床氧化带中黑铜矿极不发育的根本原因。『     

丹寨汞矿卤素元素地球化学特征

丹寨汞矿是产于碳酸盐岩地层中以汞为主伴生金的浅成低温层控矿床。本文对该矿床矿石及围岩中的卤素元素分布特征进行了一定的研究。研究结果表明,（１）矿区内Ｂｒ、Ｉ的富集程度远比Ｆ、Ｃｌ高,从远矿围岩→近矿围岩→汞矿石Ｂｒ、Ｉ含量呈增加趋势,金矿石中Ｂｒ、Ｉ含量比近矿及远矿围岩含量低,且Ｉ的富集系数小于１;（２）Ｆ在金矿化岩石及近矿围岩中含量较高;（３）Ｃｌ的变化规律不甚明显,且富集系统均小于１;（４）垂     

海水中~（137）Cs的快速富集与分析

以亚铁氰化铜（CuFC）作为吸附剂,采用循环吸附的方法制备用于海水中137Cs富集的富集材料,同时采用湿样制源的方法制备样品源.研究结果显示当流量在5.0、6.0 dm3/min,且富集体积保持在900 dm3以下时,对海水中137Cs的富集效率保持在85%以上,且随富集体积的变化并不明显;当流量增大到7.0、8.0 dm3/min,且富集体积从500 dm3增大到1 000 dm3时,其富集效率从85%左右下降到75%左右,呈现出明显的下降趋势;而当流量进一步增大到10 dm3/min时,富集效率急剧下降到68%左右.研究结果表明,将流量控制在5.0~8.0dm3/min且富集体积在500 dm3以下时,可以在保证较高的富集效率的同时有效地减少富集时间,达到快速富集的目的.此外,湿样制源的方式缩短了样品前处理时间,提高了样品处理效率.本研究中所使用的海水中137Cs的富集和分析方法总计耗时约需8h左右,只相当于传统分析方法耗时的1/5左右.     

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)微卫星位点的分离和序列分析

采用磁珠富集法,利用生物素标记的(GT)15寡核苷酸探针从三疣梭子蟹基因组DNA的Sau3A1酶切的500-1000bp片段中筛选微卫星序列.洗脱的杂交片段克隆到PMD18-T载体上构建富集微卫星基因组文库后,通过PCR筛选检测出阳性克隆进行测序.在56条测序序列中有49条非冗余序列包含有重复次数不少于5次的微卫星位点,阳性序列比例达到87.5%.其中perfect类型微卫星最大的重复次数为47次.在47条非冗余序列中,共有40条(85.1%)微卫星重复序列两端有侧翼序列能够进行引物设计.本研究中筛选的微卫星位点将为下一步的三疣梭子蟹种群遗传结构分析、经济性状的QTL定位提供遗传标记.     

三塘湖盆地石头梅地区二叠系芦草沟组有机质富集特征

为了研究三塘湖盆地石头梅地区二叠系芦草沟组有机质富集特征,通过对岩芯详细观察和泥岩系统取样,开展了有机碳、岩石热解、主量元素、微量元素测试分析。结果表明,三塘湖盆地石头梅地区芦草沟组泥岩有机质丰度较大,TOC含量最高12.4%,最大生烃潜量94.41 mg/g,有机质类型以I型和II型为主。有机质成熟度较低,为未熟—低成熟。研究区芦草沟组沉积时期初始古生产力中等,气温较高,水体深度较大,为半深湖—深湖环境,水体主要为停滞水体环境,缺氧还原条件,水体盐度较高,以咸水条件为主。根据地球化学参数,研究区芦草沟组自下而上可以划分出3个层段,对比3个层段中古环境的变化特征,发现同为低水动力深水缺氧还原条件下,适宜的温暖气候条件和适宜的半咸水—咸水盐度条件,以及高初始古生产力有利于有机质富集,从而形成油页岩,同时优选B3层段为油页岩最有利发育层段。     

西藏冈底斯成矿带矽卡岩矿床钴赋存状态及富集特征

钴是一种重要的战略性关键金属,随着新能源、新材料和航空航天技术的快速发展,钴资源的重要性日益显现。矽卡岩型矿床中的钴是我国钴资源的重要来源之一,钴常作为伴生组分出现在矽卡岩矿床中,部分矿床中伴生的钴资源量可达大型规模。西藏冈底斯成矿带分布众多矽卡岩型矿床,但对其中钴的富集特征和赋存状态尚缺乏系统认识和深入研究。本文对冈底斯东段的甲玛、龙马拉、春哲、知不拉、蒙亚啊、努日、邦浦、浦桑果、亚圭拉矽卡岩型矿床,以及冈底斯西段的帮布勒和查个勒等矽卡岩型矿床进行调查。通过手持X射线荧光分析、光学和扫描电子显微镜观察以及电子探针分析方法,对上述矽卡岩型矿床中代表性矿石钴的富集特征及赋存状态进行研究。手持X射线荧光分析结果显示冈底斯东段的矿床均不同程度存在钴的富集,其中甲玛、知不拉、浦桑果和春哲矿床中矿石的平均钴含量可分别达853×10-6、410×10-6、460×10-6和898×10-6;西段的帮布勒和查个勒矽卡岩型矿床中矿石钴含量基本低于检出限（< 3×10-6）。光学和扫描电子显微镜观察以及电子探针分析结果显示：钴元素在甲玛矿床中主要以辉砷钴矿的独立矿物形式存在;在浦桑果矿床中主要以辉砷钴矿和硫铜钴矿的独立矿物形式存在;在知不拉矿床中主要以硫镍钴矿的独立矿物形式存在;而在东段其他矽卡岩型矿床中缺乏独立钴矿物,钴元素主要以类质同象的形式分布在黄铁矿、斑铜矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、黝铜矿、碲银矿中。综上所述,冈底斯东段矽卡岩型矿床钴的富集程度明显优于冈底斯西段矽卡岩型矿床,表明冈底斯东段比西段更具钴富集潜力,冈底斯东段矽卡岩富钴的特征空间上大致受控于深部岩石圈结构,其成因可能与东段存在更多新生下地壳的部分熔融有关,此外,矿质沉淀不排除受到大气降水的影响。本次研究对西藏冈底斯成矿带中矽卡岩型矿床钴的富集特征、成矿机理及后续勘探工作提供重要参考。     

北羌塘胜利河地区布曲组优质烃源岩形成环境与有机质富集机制

羌塘盆地是我国陆上新区油气勘探程度最低的中生代海相含油气沉积盆地,其主力烃源岩一直认识不清。本文以胜利河地区中侏罗统布曲组烃源岩为研究对象,开展了有机地球化学和元素地球化学的系统研究,探讨了布曲组烃源岩的形成环境和有机质富集机制,为预测北羌塘坳陷中侏罗统布曲组优质烃源岩的分布提供了理论依据。胜利河地区布曲组烃源岩有机质丰度高,有机质类型为Ⅱ型,处于成熟阶段,综合评价为优质烃源岩。布曲组沉积时期,气候干旱炎热,研究区初级生产力水平较高,属于弱局限盆地,具有浅水、高盐度、贫氧—缺氧的沉积环境。布曲组沉积时期,羌塘盆地发生大规模海侵,研究区邻近中央隆起,陆源输入和热液活动携带大量营养物质磷、铁等进入海洋,导致较高的初级生产力,是北羌塘坳陷布曲组优质烃源岩有机质富集的主控因素。研究区位于北羌塘坳陷的最小含氧带区域,有利于大量浮游生物在此缺氧死亡埋藏保存。通过有机质富集机制的分析,北羌塘坳陷的近岸陆棚斜坡带可能是中侏罗统布曲组优质烃源岩分布的有利区域。