Establishment of Baseline Reference Geochemical Values in Tropical Soils of Western Ghats: Assessment of Periyar Basin with Special Reference to Contaminant Geochemistry

Based on the detailed geochemical studies of 184 soil samples from Periyar River Basin (PRB), a tropical monsoon dominated river basin (5398 km²) in the southern western Ghats (WGs) of India, a baseline reference data is established. The soils are mildly acidic with sandy loam and silt loam facies in non-monsoon to sandy loam and sandy clay loam in monsoon. The mean metal concentrations follow the upper continental crust and world shale values. The Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) shows unpolluted to moderately polluted category, except for Cu, Zn, and Ba, while Enrichment Factor (EF) indicates no to minor enrichment for all elements. Contamination factor (Cf) indicates low to considerable contamination for V, Rb, Sr, Ni, and low to very high contamination for Cu, Zn, and Ba. Three significant components are extracted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), explaining 78.09% and 74.10% of the total variance for monsoon and non-monsoon seasons. Ti, Al, Fe, Ca, Na, K, V, Cr, Ni, Sr, and Ba exhibited common source of origin while anthropogenic origin is identified for Zn and Cu. The study will provide valuable information into the pedological characteristics of WGs river basins.     

钙离子添加对沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L.)富集水体磷的影响

沉水植物光合作用形成的微环境有利于水体中钙和磷形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀,从而将水体中的磷永久性去除,避免植物腐烂后的二次污染但不同的沉水植物种类形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀的能力不同本文以沉水植物菹草(Potamogeton crispus L)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L)为实验对象,研究水体中添加钙离子(0、100 mg/L)对水体磷(磷浓度:0、0.2、2 mg/L)的去除和植物富集磷的差异,并通过植物灰分磷的组分分析,聚焦植物钙磷的变化,为生态修复中沉水植物的选择提供理论依据结果表明:(1)菹草和金鱼藻体系中总磷(TP)和溶解性反应磷(SRP)浓度显著下降,添加钙离子使降幅升高,且菹草体系中水体TP和SRP降幅均高于金鱼藻TP和SRP降幅;(2)菹草的干重全磷在高磷低钙(2-0)水平最高,灰分总磷在高磷高钙(2-100)水平最高,而金鱼藻干重全磷在高磷高钙(2-100)水平最高,灰分总磷在中等磷低钙(0.2-0)水平最高;(3)在2 mg/L的磷浓度下,添加钙离子使菹草的钙磷(HCl-P)和水溶性磷(H_2O-P)含量升高,有机磷(NaOH-P)含量降低,结果使灰分总磷含量升高,而金鱼藻NaOH-P升高,HCl-P和H_2O-P含量均降低,结果使灰分总磷降低这表明菹草通过提高吸附性磷和钙磷含量增强磷的富集,而金鱼藻则只显著升高了灰分中有机磷的含量显然,水体富营养化背景下,相较于金鱼藻,菹草具有更强的形成CaCO_3-P共沉淀的能力,具备竞争优势.     

扬子-华夏接合带的韧性剪切与金的迁移富集关系

扬子与华夏地块间发育一条近东西向展布的巨型板块缝合带--华南中部复合混杂岩带,对其次级北东向剪切带(进贤-婺源韧性剪切带)进行的构造地球化学剖面研究发现:①剪切带中构造岩金元素含量总体上高于原岩中金元素含量,从剪切带边部至中心,从原岩带至糜棱岩化带、糜棱岩带,随剪切程度的逐渐增强,金元素含量逐渐增高;②金元素有2个峰值点,1个出现在韧性剪切最强的糜棱岩中,另1个出现在叠加于早期韧性剪切糜棱岩化岩石之上的晚期脆性破裂张性构造角砾岩中;③叠加在原岩(千枚岩、砾岩)上的晚期脆性破裂张性构造角砾岩金元素没有出现富集作用.说明韧性剪切及叠加在韧性剪切之上的脆性破裂均有利于金的富集成矿.     

Temporal changes of a macrobenthic assemblage in harsh lagoon sediments

An opportunistic macrobenthic assemblage was studied from 2001 to 2003 in a central area of the Cabras lagoon (western Sardinia, Italy), known to be affected by environmental disturbances (i.e. organic over-enrichment of sediments, and episodic events of hypoxia/anoxia and sulphide development). We identified recurrent seasonal changes in this macrobenthic assemblage, with a general impoverishment in summer and a recovery in winter/spring. The nereids Neanthes succinea and Hediste diversicolor were found to replace the spionid Polydora ciliata as the most dominant species in the summer for 3 consecutive years. Occasional, unsynchronized appearances of small-sized deposit feeders, such as Tubificidae, Capitella cf. capitata, chironomid larvae and Hydrobia spp., were observed in winter/spring. We suggest that these changes are driven by the interplay of environmental conditions (worse in summer) with numerous biotic factors. This includes different tolerance levels of taxa to low oxygen concentrations and sulphides, variability in larval supply and post-larval transport, as well as competition for space and food between and within different functional groups, and facilitation through animal bioturbation and sediment reoxidation. A conceptual model is proposed to demonstrate how environmental conditions and biotic interactions may control the benthic assemblage in such a harsh lagoon environment.     

富油微藻富碳培养下油脂积累及固碳研究

微藻固碳是一种新型节能减排技术,具有长期可持续发展的潜力。本文对两株富油微藻（球等鞭金藻和微拟球藻）进行了富碳培养下生长特性及中性脂积累特性的研究。两株富油微藻的最佳培养条件为10%CO₂浓度和f培养基。本研究对两株富油微藻的最大生物量产率、总脂含量、最大油脂产率、微藻的C含量和CO₂固定率进行了测定。球等鞭金藻的各参数指标分别为：142.42±4.58g/（m²·d）,39.95%±0.77%,84.47±1.56g/（m²·d）,45.98%±1.75%和33.74±1.65g/（m²·d）。微拟球藻的各参数指标分别为：149.92±1.80g/（m²·d）,37.91%±0.58%,89.90±1.98g/（m²·d）,46.88%±2.01%和34.08±1.32g/（m²·d）。实验结果显示,两株海洋微藻均属于高固碳优良藻株,适合应用于微藻烟气减排技术开发,具备用于海洋生物质能耦合CO₂减排开发的潜力。     

语义轨迹建模与挖掘研究进展

语义轨迹是时空轨迹和语义信息融合的产物。除了含有时空信息以外,语义轨迹包括移动对象自身的运动状态（如速度、方向）、环境（如气温、空间拓扑关系）和社交关系（如好友关系、社交活动）等多方面信息。挖掘语义轨迹可以深入地发现个体或群体移动行为的意图、习惯、情感等高阶语义内容,从而深层次发现个体或群体移动行为的模式、关系和规律等。因而,相较于时空轨迹,语义轨迹在语义性、解释性、可行性等方面更符合决策分析应用的实践需求,具有更重要的研究意义和应用价值。本文对语义轨迹挖掘的关键技术进行了综述。首先,介绍语义轨迹的基本概念,并且根据语义元素类型的不同总结了4种常见的定义形式。其次,归纳了语义轨迹建模的基本阶段,包括预处理、轨迹分段和语义富化。由于语义轨迹无法像时空轨迹那样从位置感知设备中采集获得,因此语义轨迹是通过建模技术得到的,主要通过将语义信息和时空轨迹相融合生成相应的语义轨迹。然后,介绍语义轨迹挖掘的主要任务,包括语义轨迹模式挖掘、语义轨迹聚类、语义轨迹分类、语义轨迹异常检测等。针对每一项挖掘任务,介绍了有关的基本原理和相关算法,总结了主要的关键技术和挑战。最后,探讨了语义轨迹挖掘现存的研究难点和未来研究方向。从模型定义、语义标注技术、多源数据建模等方面,讨论了语义轨迹建模的重要研究问题;从语义轨迹数据管理、分类和预测、流式数据挖掘、隐私保护、多粒度挖掘、评价方法等方面,探讨了语义轨迹挖掘的未来研究问题。     

Chemical composition of PM2.5 at an urban site of Chengdu in southwestern China

PM2.5 aerosols were sampled in urban Chengdu from April 2009 to January 2010, and their chemical compositions were characterized in detail for elements, water soluble inorganic ions, and carbonaceous matter. The annual average of PM2.5 was 165g m－3, which is generally higher than measurements in other Chinese cities, suggesting serious particulate pollution issues in the city. Water soluble ions contributed 43.5% to the annual total PM2.5 mass, carbonaceous aerosols including elemental carbon and organic carbon contributed 32.0%, and trace elements contributed 13.8%. Distinct daily and seasonal variations were observed in the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and its components, reflecting the seasonal variations of different anthropogenic and natural sources. Weakly acidic to neutral particles were found for PM2.5. Major sources of PM2.5 identified from source apportionment analysis included coal combustion, traffic exhaust, biomass burning, soil dust, and construction dust emissions. The low nitrate: sulfate ratio suggested that stationary emissions were more important than vehicle emissions. The reconstructed masses of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, particulate carbonaceous matter, and fine soil accounted for 79% of the total measured PM2.5 mass; they also accounted for 92% of the total measured particle scattering.     

特提斯构造域东段叠合盆地演化和油气成藏规律特征初论

通过分析特提斯构造域东段区域地质和含油气盆地勘探开发基础数据,从板块构造演化入手,系统编制特提斯构造域东段沉积构造演化剖面图和生储盖组合剖面图,研究盆地演化阶段、叠合特征、油气成藏条件及油气藏类型,揭示中亚和中国西部前陆盆地演化和油气富集规律异同.研究表明:古亚洲洋、古特提斯洋和新特提斯洋控制了特提斯构造域东段的区域构...     

西藏甲玛铜多金属矿富银矿体地质特征、银赋存状态及富集机理研究

位于西藏墨竹工卡县的甲玛铜多金属矿床是冈底斯中东段近年来新发现的超大型矿床,已探明伴生银资源量大于6000t.根据产出特征可将甲玛矿区的银矿体分为矽卡型与大理岩型两种.通过矿相学、电子显微探针研究发现银均以不可见银和可见银两种形式存在.不可见银以晶格银的形式赋存于铜矿物中;其次以次显微包体银的形式赋存于方铅矿中.可见银...