海洋环境中重金属在贝类体内的蓄积分析

根据2006年5—7月贝类体内重金属含量和海洋环境背景值的调查资料分别分析了海州湾、吕泗、嵊泗和舟山海产贝类重金属与环境中重金属含量之间的关系。结果表明:影响贝类体内重金属Hg,Cd和Pb含量的主要因素是水体中的重金属含量而不是沉积物中的重金属含量;重金属在贝类体内的富集程度由高至低依次为Cd>Hg>Pb;不同贝类对重金属富集效果比较,紫贻贝(Mytiluse dulis)对重金属富集效果最为明显,红螺(Rapana bezoar)对重金属富集效果较其它物种较轻。     

An attempt to use LA-ICP-SMS to quantify enrichment of trace elements on pyrite surfaces in oxidizing mine tailings

Metals released from oxidation and weathering of sulphide minerals in mine tailings are to a high degree retained at deeper levels within the tailings themselves. To be able to predict what could happen in the future with these secondarily retained metals, it is important to understand the retention mechanisms. In this study an attempt to use laser ablation high-resolution ICP-MS (LA-ICP-SMS) to quantify enrichment of trace elements on pyrite surfaces in mine tailings was performed. Pyrite grains were collected from a profile through the pyrite-rich tailings at the Kristineberg mine in northern Sweden. At each spot hit by the laser, the surface layer was analyzed in the first shot, and a second shot on the same spot gave the chemical composition of the pyrite immediately below. The crater diameter for a laser shot was known, and by estimating the crater depth and total pyrite surface, the total enrichment on pyrite grains was calculated. Results are presented for As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Zn. The results clearly show that there was an enrichment of As, Cd, Cu and Zn on the pyrite surfaces below the oxidation front in the tailings, but not of Co and Ni. Arsenic was also enriched on the pyrite grains that survived in the oxidized zone. Copper has been enriched on pyrite surfaces in unoxidized tailings in the largest amount, followed by Zn and As. However, only 1.4 to 3.1% of the Cd and Zn released by sulphide oxidation in the oxidized zone have been enriched on the pyrite surfaces in the unoxidized tailings, but for As and Cu corresponding figures are about 64 and 43%, respectively. There were many uncertainties in these calculations, and the results shall not be taken too literally but allowed the conclusion that enrichment on pyrite surfaces is an important process for retention of As and Cu below the oxidation front in pyrite rich tailings. Laser ablation is not a surface analysis technique, but more of a thin layer method, and gives no information on the type of processes resulting in enrichment on the pyrite surfaces. Although only pyrite grains that appeared to be fresh and without surface coatings were used in this study, the possibility that a thin layer of Fe-hydroxides occurred must be considered. Both adsorption to the pyrite directly or to Fe-oxyhydroxides may explain the enrichment of As, Cd, Cu and Zn on the pyrite surfaces, and, in the case of Cu, also the replacement of Fe(II) by Cu(II) in pyrite.     

莱州纱岭金矿I-2号矿脉赋存特征及富集规律

矿石的共生组合以及近矿围岩蚀变特征表明纱岭金矿I-2号矿脉矿化类型为蚀变岩型金矿,矿床成因类型属混合岩化-重熔岩浆热液型金矿床。焦家成矿断裂带中、深部存在第二矿化富集段。主要找矿标志有北东向压扭性断裂带、黄铁绢英岩化蚀变岩带、低磁场的线状串珠状异常带等指示标志以及特有的指示元素的组合异常;矿化富集规律为构造控矿及岩性控矿。金矿化的强弱依附于主要矿化阶段的发育及迭加程度,即当含有细粒黄铁矿细脉和多金属硫化物石英细脉或其相互迭加时往往形成厚而富的工业矿体,其在空间分布上,服从于矿体南西侧伏规律。     

Relationship of polycyclic aromatic sulfur compounds and gold enrichment in the Kupferschiefer from Poland and Germany

1INTRODUCTION ORGANICALLY BOUNDSULFURCOMPOUNDSWEREPREVI OUSLYDETECTEDINTHEKUPFERSCHIEFER(P櫣TTMANNAND GO EL,1990;ROSPONDEKETAL.,1994).P櫣TTMANN ANDGO EL(1990)INVESTIGATEDTHEEXTRACTABLEORGANIC MATTERINTHEKUPFERSCHIEFERFROMTHENORTH SUDETIC SYNCLINEANDPROPOS…     

大陆冲磁效应对成矿作用的控制

物体受到冲击或两种地质体界面发生快速磨擦引发地磁异常或岩石剩磁的变化称之为冲磁。本文以陨石成矿和走滑构造控矿为例,通过瞬间附加磁力的产生和能量守恒的原理探求大陆冲磁效应对成矿作用的控制。1)根据陨石的平衡和运动规律,运用冲磁强度值可初步估算矿体的总量;通过冲磁的矢量,可确定陨石成因的矿体侧伏产状。2)大陆冲磁和矿物成份两者相互印证可共同确定成矿时代。3)大陆冲磁的连续介质力学和总量守恒(陨石体的质量、动量和能量与矿体的质量、动量和能量守恒)对成矿元素富集的控制,巨大的冲磁强度值与高温岩浆矿床Fe、Co和N i等铁磁性元素富集相对应。4)大陆冲磁引发多元流体对组合元素富集的控制,冲磁在陨石体内形成高温成矿元素组合,在围岩内则形成低温成矿元素组合。5)大陆冲磁时的剪切效应对成矿元素富集的控制。与冲磁垂直的方向有利于成矿元素的富集;冲磁—应变速率—元素自身磁化率值的共同效应控制多种元素呈侧向分带展布。冲磁效应对成矿作用的控制将拓宽和加大大陆动力学与成矿作用间的研究内容和深度。     

澳洲Bowen-Surat盆地煤层气富集规律及主控因素

澳大利亚是世界第四大煤炭生产国和世界上最大的煤炭输出国。2000年后,澳大利亚煤层气产业快速发展。Bowen-Surat盆地是澳大利亚最大的煤层气盆地。应用石油地质综合分析方法,总结了Bowen-Surat盆地的石油地质特征,进而分析了该盆地煤层气富集规律:平面上,煤层气富集在Taroom槽和Chinchilla-Goondiwindi斜坡中;剖面上,煤层气富集在二叠系Blackwater群和侏罗系Walloon组煤层中。针对煤层气藏在平面和剖面上的分布特点,结合沉积体系、气源岩、煤阶、孔隙度和渗透率等因素进行相关性分析,认为有8个因素主要控制了煤层气藏的分布,即:沉积控类型,气源控范围,煤阶、埋深和孔渗控含量,构造封闭控层位。      

活性炭对无机汞和苯基汞的吸附行为探讨

试验了活性炭对无机汞和苯基汞的吸附和解吸行为。结果表明，在活性炭用量为0．2g，ψ=0．5％的王水介质中搅拌1．5h，无机汞和苯基汞的吸附率均达96％以上，无机汞和苯基汞的吸附容量分别为82．5μg/g和66．0μg/g。吸附后的无机汞和苯基汞分别用含有60mg EDTA的2．8mol/L HNO3溶液和5．6mol/L HNO3-1．0mol/L H2SO4溶液定量洗脱，用冷原子吸收光谱法测定，实现了无机汞和苯基汞的定量分离。对2μg/L的无机汞和苯基汞进行测定，相对标准偏差(n=11)分别为5．4％和6．2％。在实际水样中加标回收和测定，无机汞和苯基汞的回收率分别为97．8％～108％、94．0％～106％。     

森林沼泽景观元素次生分散富集特征

得尔布干森林沼泽区的景观特征是冬季寒冷,夏季降雨集中,中低山沟谷长而平缓,植被发育,土壤A层和水系沉积物中富泥炭,土壤呈弱酸性、弱还原环境.铅锌矿床形成的异常从岩石、土壤C层、土壤A层到水系沉积物元素含量降低,呈逐步分散.水系沉积物中Pb、Zn元素含量随粒度变细而降低,Ag、有机碳含量增高.水系中泥炭沉积物可吸附活动态金属元素,在背景地段可形成次生富集和"假异常".有机质影响水系沉积物异常,为干扰因素,应消除有机质影响.水系沉积物中碎屑沉积物能较好反映矿化异常.确定合理采样介质、密度,采样到位,可提高中大比例尺地球化学勘查效果.     

江西铜厂铜矿床伴生金银的赋存状态及其分布规律

系统论述了铜厂斑岩铜矿床伴生金，银的赋存状态及分布规律，丰富了成矿理论，对矿产资源的综合利用、提高金、银回收率，以及深部资源预测，外围找矿均具很高的应用价值。     

北京地区农田氮素养分随地表径流流失机理

田间模拟降雨径流试验研究了北京地区农田暴雨径流氮素流失与雨强、作物覆盖、施肥因子的关系，以及侵蚀泥沙的粒径分布特征和对氮的富集作用。结果表明：（1）降雨强度越大，地表径流模数和侵蚀模数增大，氮素流失越多；作物覆盖有效地减少地表水土和颗粒态氮流失；（2）颗粒态氮浓度占径流全氮浓度的88.9%(施尿素）和98％以上（未施氮肥），是农田径流氮损失的主要形态；（3）施用化学氮肥增大了农田径流溶解态氮浓度，化学氮肥容易通过地表径流流失；（4）侵蚀泥沙的团聚体组成和原来土壤有很大差异，粒径＜0.25mm的团聚体，尤其是含氮量较高的＜0.045mm团聚体的富集是侵蚀泥沙富集氮的主要原因。减少地表径流和土壤侵蚀，降低表土速效氮含量是减少农田地表径流氮养分流失的关键。