Genesis for Rare Earth Elements Enrichment in the Permian Manganese Deposits in Zunyi,Guizhou Province,SW China

The Zunyi manganese deposits, which formed during the Middle to Late Permian period and are located in northern Guizhou and adjacent areas, are the core area of a series of large-medium scale manganese enrichment minerogenesis in the southern margin and interior of the Yangtze platform, Southern China. This study reports the universal enrichment of rare earth elements(REEs) in Zunyi manganese deposits and examines the enrichment characteristics, metallogenic environment and genesis of REEs. The manganese ore bodies present stratiform or stratoid in shape, hosted in the silicon–mud–limestones of the Late Permian Maokou Formation. The manganese ores generally present lamellar, massive, banded and brecciated structures, and mainly consist of rhodochrosite, ropperite, tetalite, capillitite, as well as contains paragenetic gangue minerals including pyrite, chalcopyrite, rutile, barite, tuffaceous clay rock, etc. The manganese ores have higher ΣREE contents range from 158 to 1138.9 ppm(average 509.54 ppm). In addition, the ΣREE contents of tuffaceous clay rock in ore beds vary from 1032.2 to 1824.5 ppm(average 1396.42 ppm). The REEs from manganese deposits are characterized by La, Ce, Nd and Y enriched, and existing in the form of independent minerals(e.g., monazite and xenotime), indicating Zunyi manganese deposits enriched in light rare earth elements(LREE). The Ce_(anom) ratios(average-0.13) and lithofacies and paleogeography characteristics indicate that Zunyi manganese deposits were formed in a weak oxidation-reduction environment. The(La/Yb)_(ch), Y/Ho,(La/Nd)_N,(Dy/Yb)_N, Ce/Ce* and Eu/Eu* values of samples from the Zunyi manganese deposits are 5.53–56.92, 18–39, 1.42–3.15, 0.55–2.20, 0.21–1.76 and 0.48–0.86, respectively, indicating a hydrothermal origin for the manganese mineralization and REEs enrichment. The δ~(13) C_(V-PDB)(-0.54 to-18.1‰) and δ~(18) O_(SMOW)(21.6 to 26.0‰) characteristics of manganese ores reveal a mixed source of magmatic and organic matter. Moreover, the manganese ore, tuffaceous clay rock and Emeishan basalt have extremely similar REE fractionation characteristic, suggesting REEs enrichment and manganese mineralization have been mainly origin from hydrothermal fluids.     

广西晚二叠世典型聚煤盆地中锂、镓丰度及富集因素

针对广西晚二叠世聚煤盆地中锂、镓元素地球化学异常问题,选取扶绥和贤按两个典型晚二叠世煤田,通过系统取样测试,研究煤系中锂、镓丰度,并结合成矿地质背景,分析煤中锂、镓的富集控制因素。结果表明:研究区锂和镓均有一定的工业前景,扶绥煤田锂和镓的平均丰度分别为83.5 μg/g和30.8 μg/g;贤按煤田锂、镓丰度分别为199.1 μg/g和33.4 μg/g。锂主要富集于合山组底部K₁煤层、炭质泥岩及铝土岩段,而镓在合山组底部各岩性中的丰度并无明显差异。云开古陆及周边中酸性火山岩是锂、镓物质的基础来源,合山组底部高铝沉积岩系可能是合山组K₁煤层中锂、镓的直接物源。镓元素在各岩体之间的迁移比较活跃,其物源区的含量水平起主导作用,而锂元素的富集除了受控于物源外,沉积环境及后期地质作用的影响更为明显。研究成果为广西煤系中锂、镓资源的勘查预测及其综合利用提供科学依据。      

煤岩单组分分离及其影响因素

采用密度分离技术成功地对3个系列不同煤化程度的19个煤层煤样进行了单组分分离。通过实验认为,煤岩单组分在煤中的赋存特征和煤的煤化程度是影响单组分分离效果的主要因素      

Distribution of selenium and arsenic in differentiated multicellular eukaryotic fossils and their significance

We present variation patterns of trace elements within different sequences of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation(DST,635-551 million years ago),and inside the cells of the earliest differentiated multicellular eukaryotic fossils of the Weng'an biota in the Weng'an County of Guizhou Province.The results showed that selenium is the most enriched and significantly varied trace element among the 22 trace elements throughout the DST,followed by arsenic.The highest selenium and arsenic content sequences are consistent with the first appeared sequence of the earliest differentiated multicellular eukaryotic fossils Megasphaera at the middle to upper parts of the DST.Nanoman secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses show that selenium and arsenic have an inhomogeneous and punctate distribution in the nucleus and cytoplasm.The nucleus has anomalously enriched levels of selenium and arsenic among the organelles.The selenium and arsenic concentrations exhibit a positive correlation with the diversity of fossilized Megasphaera.These new findings give us a clue that the anomalous enrichment of selenium and arsenic might contributes to the cell differentiation in Ediacaran Doushantuo period.     

贵州省水城县耕地土壤硒元素地球化学特征及富硒农业应用

：为了解决烟草物流配送包装机风机叶轮轴使用寿命低的问题,文章以风机叶轮轴为研究对象,利用Solidworks软件建立3D模型,再利用Abaqus有限元分析方法对其进行热力顺序耦合分析,根据风机叶轮轴的温度场分布、受力和变形情况,对轴的结构进行优化设计,并对轴进行模态分析,确定风机轴的临界转速,结果表明,风机轴的优化设计合理,满足生产要求。     

贵州晴隆丁头山铅锌矿床硒超常富集新发现及其地质意义

位于扬子板块西南缘的川滇黔接壤区,处于全球特提斯成矿域和环太平洋成矿域交汇部位、峨眉山大火成岩省内,成矿背景极其特殊,形成了独具特色的优势紧缺矿产(铅锌)、战略性关键矿产(稀散元素)为代表的大型-超大型矿床及相关的成矿系统。黔西北地区是川滇黔富稀散元素铅锌特色成矿系统的重要组成部分之一,近年来找矿不断取得重要突破。位于黔西北成矿区南部的丁头山铅锌矿床,是近期找矿突破的一个代表。通过对丁头山矿床闪锌矿LA-ICPMS原位微量元素分析,发现了该矿床Se显著超常富集现象,所测试的90个测点中w(Se)介于19.7×10-6～172×10-6,平均含量81.0×10-6,显著高于Se的地壳丰度(0.05×10-6)和整个扬子板块周缘同类型矿床硫化物的w(Se)(通常50×10-6),暗示其成矿环境极为特殊,很可能与研究区成矿背景有关。通过相关分析,发现丁头山矿床闪锌矿中Se并非直接替代Zn,而是很可能与Cd、In和Fe一起联合置换Zn,即Fe+Cd+Se+In?4Zn,是一种新的替代方式。丁头山矿床Se超常富集新发现,对理解稀散元素共生分异与超常富集成矿作用具有重要意义,同时表明丁头山矿区及外围具有良好的Se资源潜力,应加强系统勘查和深入研究工作。     

胶东金矿床中关键金属超常富集特征与机理初探

胶东是全球唯一已知发育于前寒武纪变质地体内的晚中生代巨型金矿省,也是当今世界仅有的探明金资源储量超过5000吨的三个金矿省之一,被视为检验巨型金矿床成矿新理论和新模型的关键地区。胶东金矿床长期的开发和研究主要聚焦于金,对其共/伴生关键金属尚缺乏关注;但广泛发育含关键元素Te、Re、W、Zr、Cr、La、Ce、Sb、Bi和As的独立矿物。通过对胶东典型金矿床内关键元素赋存状态的分析,发现它们主要以微米矿物集合体、纳米颗粒或类质同象固溶体的形式出现,且空间分布极不均匀。通过对12个典型金矿床内关键元素的含量分布和富集特征的初步研究表明,相对于华北克拉通的地壳元素丰度,本次分析的Cr、Co、Cd、Rb、Nb、Ta、Hf、W、Sn、Sb、Bi、As和除Ho之外的其它15种REE均发生了不同程度富集。其中,Sb超常富集与Au共生形成浅成造山型金锑矿床,暗示该区可能成为重要锑资源接替区; Cd、Co、Nb、Rb、As和Bi超常富集达到伴生组分综合评价品位,显示出良好的资源潜力,尤其是Cd已具备综合利用的资源条件; Cr、Se、Te、Re、W和LREE超常富集接近伴生组分综合评价品位或已发现超常富集的载体矿物,可作为未来潜在的接替资源;而Ta、Hf、Sn和HREE远低于伴生组分综合评价品位,且载体矿物过于稀少和细小或尚未被发现,发生超常富集的可能性相对较低。虽然目前对胶东金矿床中关键元素赋存状态和分布规律的研究极其薄弱,对其超常富集机理的研究尚属空白;但胶东金成矿系统的勘查和研究积累厚实、资料丰富,且其内蕴藏的矿石量巨大、已有矿业基础设施和选矿设备完善、选矿工艺先进。深入研究胶东金矿床中关键元素源-运-聚超常富集机理,可为丰富"非常规类型关键元素成矿系统"理论体系和胶东及类似金矿床中关键元素的综合利用提供理论基础。     

Effects of mariculture on macrobenthic assemblages in a western mediterranean site

The effects of solid organic wastes from a marine fish farm on sediment was tested using macrobenthic fauna as biological indicators. Impact on benthic fauna was evaluated in the vicinity of a fish farm in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Western Mediterranean) between July 2001 and October 2002. Changes in benthic community structure were investigated using multivariate, distributional and univariate analyses (diversity indices, AMBI and M-AMBI). The results showed sharp disturbance of assemblages under the cages and no effects in the area more than 25 m from the cages. Sediment alterations were related to an increase in farmed biomass and its wastes, as well as to low current speed that allowed accumulation of organic matter on the sea floor. It was possible to follow the ecological succession from slightly altered assemblages to heavily polluted ones in the very short period of a single fish fattening cycle (15 months).     

Benthic recovery during open sea fish farming abatement in Western Mediterranean, Spain

Fish farming is an important source of organic matter input in coastal waters, which contributes to eutrophication. In this study, the macrofaunal benthic community was studied after the cessation of fish farming with the aim of improving our understanding of benthic succession and sediment recovery in a marine ecosystem. The results showed that the best environmental variables for assessing organic pollution were acid-volatile sulfides (AVS) and redox potential. Succession and recovery was best explained by macrofaunal analysis based on community composition as well as on trophic groups. The patterns of recovery differed between each impacted station. For this reason, succession could not be accurately predicted due to the unique environmental parameters and the singular community functional structure of each location. The Azti Marine Benthic Index (AMBI) proved its validity for assessing pollution but did not distinguish between successional stages.     

四川丹巴独狼沟金矿中金与碲铋矿物的赋存状态及金的富集机制

独狼沟金矿是位于丹巴成矿带中穹窿边缘的典型的石英脉型金矿,矿床中发育大量明金与碲铋矿物。本文以独狼沟金矿中碲铋矿物及自然金为主要研究对象,通过显微岩相学观察、扫描电镜、能谱以及电子探针分析,对矿床中碲铋矿物和自然金的赋存状态进行了较为详细的研究,并对金的富集机制进行了探讨。结果表明,碲铋矿物与自然金主要在成矿Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段产出,矿石中自然金主要为含银自然金,成色整体偏高,平均为881,碲铋矿物主要有楚碲铋矿、叶碲铋矿、赫碲铋矿、硫碲铋矿B、未命名碲铋矿物(Bi₂Te、Bi₈Te₃、Bi₃Te)以及自然铋,碲铋矿物与自然金具密切的时空关系。结合前人流体包裹体的研究结果,认为成矿Ⅱ阶段到Ⅲ阶段过渡的过程中温度以及体系中碲逸度的降低是矿床中多种碲铋矿物相形成的关键,独狼沟金矿成矿的物理化学条件以及碲铋矿物与自然金的矿物特征均指示成矿过程中金-铋-碲熔体对热液中金的抽取是导致自然金富集的关键。