甘肃小柳沟钨钼多金属矿田构造叠加晕浅析及找矿预测

通过对小柳沟钨钼多金属矿田地质地球化学特征及前人资料的综合研究,以小柳沟矿田中部祁青钼矿床4线构造叠加晕和深部成矿预测研究为重点,用围岩31件背景样品的几何平均值,为构造叠加晕分带提供地球化学背景依据;以小柳沟钨钼多金属矿单期次成矿原生晕轴向分带序列(自下而上)Cr、Co、Ni、V、Ti→W、Mn、Be、Sn、Bi、Mo、Cu→Pb、Zn、Ag→Au、As、Sb为基础,分析认为祁青钼矿4线构造叠加晕轴向分带序列(自下而上)Cu、Mo、Pb、Sb→As、Zn、Sn、Nb→Bi、V、Ti、Ba、Cr→Mn、W、B具"反分带"特征,且存在地球化学参数"反转"现象,指示成矿作用有叠加,预测深部存在第二成矿空间,钻探工程验证在祁青钼矿深部发现含钼隐伏花岗岩体,且岩体上部仍有石英脉型钼矿体,证实了构造叠加晕对深部找矿预测的有效性。认为小柳沟矿田深部斑岩型钼矿资源潜力较大,晚期花岗岩体凸起部位和外围分别是是寻找钼、中低温硫化物有关的铅锌矿床的有利地带。     

Structural Characteristics and Formation Dynamics: A Review of the Main Sedimentary Basins in the Continent of China

The formation and evolution of basins in the China continent are closely related to the collages of many blocks and orogenic belts. Based on a large amount of the geological, geophysical, petroleum exploration data and a large number of published research results, the basement constitutions and evolutions of tectonic–sedimentary of sedimentary basins, the main border fault belts and the orogenesis of their peripheries of the basins are analyzed. Especially, the main typical basins in the eight divisions in the continent of China are analyzed in detail, including the Tarim, Ordos, Sichuan, Songliao, Bohai Bay, Junggar, Qiadam and Qiangtang basins. The main five stages of superimposed evolutions processes of basins revealed, which accompanied with the tectonic processes of the Paleo–Asian Ocean, Tethyan and Western Pacific domains. They contained the formations of main Cratons(1850–800 Ma), developments of marine basins(800–386 Ma), developments of Marine–continental transition basins and super mantle plumes(386–252 Ma), amalgamation of China Continent and developments of continental basins(252–205 Ma) and development of the foreland basins in the western and extensional faulted basin in the eastern of China(205–0 Ma). Therefore, large scale marine sedimentary basins existed in the relatively stable continental blocks of the Proterozoic, developed during the Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic, with the property of the intracontinental cratons and peripheral foreland basins, the multistage superimposing and late reformations of basins. The continental basins developed on the weak or preexisting divisional basements, or the remnant and reformed marine basins in the Meso–Cenozoic, are mainly the continental margins, back–arc basins, retroarc foreland basins, intracontinental rifts and pull–apart basins. The styles and intensity deformation containing the faults, folds and the structural architecture of regional unconformities of the basins, responded to the openings, subductions, closures of oceans, the continent–continent collisions and reactivation of orogenies near the basins in different periods. The evolutions of the Tianshan–Mongol–Hinggan, Kunlun–Qilian–Qinling–Dabie–Sulu, Jiangshao–Shiwandashan, Helanshan–Longmengshan, Taihang–Wuling orogenic belts, the Tibet Plateau and the Altun and Tan–Lu Fault belts have importantly influenced on the tectonic–sedimentary developments, mineralization and hydrocarbon reservoir conditions of their adjacent basins in different times. The evolutions of basins also rely on the deep structures of lithosphere and the rheological properties of the mantle. The mosaic and mirroring geological structures of the deep lithosphere reflect the pre–existed divisions and hot mantle upwelling, constrain to the origins and transforms dynamics of the basins. The leading edges of the basin tectonic dynamics will focus on the basin and mountain coupling, reconstruction of the paleotectonic–paleogeography, establishing relationship between the structural deformations of shallow surface to the deep lithosphere or asthenosphere, as well as the restoring proto–basin and depicting residual basin of the Paleozoic basin, the effects of multiple stages of volcanism and paleo–earthquake events in China.     

酒泉盆地青西凹陷油气地质特征及下步勘探方向

酒泉盆地油气勘探始于20世纪20年代,先后发现了老君庙、鸭儿峡、单北、白杨河等油田。盆地在中、新生代经历了早白垩世断陷盆地演化阶段和新生代前陆盆地演化阶段,为断拗叠置型盆地。断陷期的酒泉盆地下白垩统赤金堡组和下沟组为一套纹层状泥质白云岩和白云质泥岩,藻纹层比较发育,是优质的烃源岩。拗陷期盆地的快速沉降导致烃源岩快速成熟、高效生烃,为油气运移提供了动力,同时挤压逆冲对构造圈闭、油气运移通道的形成和储层物性的改善起着关键的作用,形成的窟窿山等多个正向构造带是油气富集的有利区带。青西凹陷存在低成熟、成熟、高成熟3类原油,低成熟原油仅分布于青西凹陷的下沟组上段至中沟组,成熟原油发生了大规模的运移,形成了柳沟庄、鸭儿峡—老君庙—石油沟油田,而深层高成熟原油没有大规模向中浅层运移,青西凹陷具有寻找高成熟原油的资源潜力。希望该研究成果可为青西凹陷下白垩统油气勘探提供经验与思路。     

内蒙古阿拉善呼口塞勒铜矿床Ⅱ号矿体原生叠加晕特征

研究了内蒙古阿拉善呼口塞勒铜矿床Ⅱ号矿体100线剖面原生叠加晕特征,结果表明,100线剖面+1 308~1 141m标高的轴向分带序列(由上到下)为W-Ni-As-Pb-Mo-Cu-Co-Au-Zn,有明显的相互叠置特征,地球化学参数在中段逐渐减小,可以确定矿体是多个成矿阶段叠加形成的。2个主成矿阶段形成的矿体部分叠加,矿体上部经过较强的剥蚀,但还有一定的延深。此次原生叠加晕的研究为下一步钻探施工提供了依据,明确了在该区继续进行原生晕研究的方向。     

高分遥感影像与矢量数据结合的变化检测方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像与矢量数据配准套合之后存在的不一致性问题,该文探讨了多尺度分割算法获取同质像斑的方法。在此基础上,发展了一种基于最近邻分类算法的分类后处理变化检测方法。结果表明,通过多尺度分割算法能够获取"类内光谱相同"和"类间光谱相异"的像斑;分类后处理变化检测方法能够正确检测出80%以上的变化区域,在获取变化检测结果的同时能够获取变化像斑的类别,而且检测精度较高,具有较高的应用价值。     

滇西无量山北缘弧形推覆构造

滇西无量山北缘弧形推覆构造是一个具有多重叠置结构的复杂推覆系统。原地系统为侏罗系和白垩系组成的北西西向弧形褶皱带。外来系统主要是上三叠统。总体上自南向北推覆，上盘向北北东方向推移距离１０ｋｍ。形成深度约５－１０ｋｍ，形成环境下超过绿片岩相。，大体生成于渐新世时期，约４０－２０Ｍａ之间。     

伊宁地块构造单元划分——来自火山岩浆作用的证据

伊宁地块不是一个之前一贯认为的"均匀地块"或"均一地块",而是以乌孙山-塔勒得近东西向区域性大断裂为界的南、北两大次级构造带("弧-盆"体系)叠加拼贴增生而成,火山岩浆作用为这一新的构造单元划分与建立提供了佐证。南构造带由喀拉峻岛弧带和其北的阿腾套弧后盆地构成,主要发育于晚泥盆世-早石炭世早期,火山岩同位素年龄峰值为355～350Ma,17个年龄平均值为351Ma;北构造带由北而南可再细分出清水河-苏布台弧后盆地→阿吾拉勒叠加岛弧带→特克斯-新源弧前盆地,主要发育于早石炭世中-晚期,同位素年龄峰值集中于345～329Ma,18个火山岩年龄平均值为340Ma。这两个"弧-盆"体系以大哈拉军山组钙碱性火山岩为主体,共生早石炭世海相阿克沙克组弧前及弧后沉积岩组合。大哈拉军山组火山岩主体以岛弧火山岩为主,见有富Nb玄武岩、高镁安山岩等,共生埃达克岩和高分异I型花岗岩等小岩体;在弧后还见有碱性火山岩、碱性球泡流纹岩,共生双峰式火山岩。不仅大哈拉军山组火山岩在各构造相中显著有别,而且共生的阿克沙克组在各构造相中差异极为显著。两大次级构造带具有独立的基底建造史,差异显著的盆地沉积史,独特的火山岩浆史和构造演化史。早晚石炭世之间的鄯善运动使南、北两个次级构造带叠加拼贴,构成统一的伊宁地块,晚石炭世进入统一的陆内构造发展演化阶段,发育以伊什基里克组碱性双峰式火山岩为代表的裂谷火山岩浆建造。     

汉南—米仓山区北东向构造及龙门山推覆构造外缘带

汉南－米仓山区喜马拉雅期的北东向构造与四川盆地西部及荣经－峨边地区的北东向构造一起构成龙门山推覆构造外缘带。本文论述了该带的组成、与其它构造的叠加现象、沿走向的延伸与变化、形成活动时期、剖面结构和整个龙门山推覆构造带与基底构造和莫霍面形态的一致性关系。     

The Arcuate Nappe Structure on the Northern Margin of the Wuliang Moutnains in Western Yunnan

The arcuate nappe structure on the north edge of the Wuliang Mountains in westernYunnan Province is a complex nappe structural system with multiple superimposed structures.The autochthonous system is a WNW-trending arcuate fold belt consisting of the Jurassic andCretaceous and the allochthonous system is mainly composed of Upper Triassic rocks. Generally,the nappe structure moved from south to north, with the hanging wall thrusting in a WNW direc-tion for a distance of over 10km. The deep nappe structural system was formed at depths ofabout 5-10km in an environment not exceeding the greenschist facies. It occurred in theOligocene (about 40-20 Ma).     

石英热释光的标型意义——相山铀矿床的研究实例

对相山铀矿床岩石、矿石中石英热释光的研究发现，热释光强度与其所在的岩性和其中的Ｕ、Ｔｈ、Ｋ总量有关，总的趋势是Ｕ、Ｔｈ、Ｋ总量增加，热释光强度显著降低；石英热释光辉光曲线上的峰形存在明显差异，岩石中石英热释光辉光曲线的峰形比较复杂，多数曲线呈双峰，且都是中温峰的相对强度比高温峰的相对强度低；矿石和近矿围岩中石英热释光辉光曲线都是双峰，且都是中温峰的相对强度比高温峰的相对强度高。这些差异可作为该矿床