叠合盆地油气成藏体系研究思路与方法——以准噶尔盆地中部地区油气藏为例

以准噶尔盆地中部地区油气藏为例,阐述了叠合盆地油气成藏体系研究的基本思路和方法,归纳为“一个中心,两 条途径”。一个中心是指以油气藏为中心进行剖析研究,两条途径是指采用有机和无机地球化学相结合的研究方法。在准噶 尔盆地中部地区的实例研究结果表明,根据原油的有机（生物标志物）地球化学分析,研究区至少存在2大油气成藏体系, 即盆1井西凹陷东环带地区二叠系成藏体系、莫索湾中东部地区二叠系和侏罗系成藏体系。再通过无机地球化学（储层成 岩方解石）分析,发现研究区还存在另外2个成藏体系,即东道海子凹陷周边地区二叠系和侏罗系成藏体系、石东地区二 叠系成藏体系。在此基础上,进一步评价了各成藏体系中的油气潜力,以为区域油气勘探提供参考。因此,油气成藏体系 的研究有助于加强对勘探的指导;有机和无机地球化学相结合的研究方法相互补充,是对过去通常主要根据有机地球化学 方法进行分析的拓展与补充完善,形成了新认识,值得在今后的油气成藏体系研究中加强深入探索。     

陕西凤太晚古生代拉分盆地动力学与金-多金属成矿

采用沉积盆地构造-古地理位置恢复重建和构造-岩相学等新方法研究认为,凤太晚古生代沉积盆地属于受板块斜向俯冲碰撞动力学控制下的拉分盆地。在中泥盆世初期,凤太沉积盆地被周缘垂向基底隆起分隔,其成盆构造动力学主要受四组同生断层,晚古生代沉降中心和沉积中心不断发生迁移。中泥盆世中期在盆地北部形成了北西向沉降中心和沉积中心,晚泥盆世末期沉积盆地萎缩,沉降中心和沉积中心收缩于沉积盆地中心。石炭纪沉降中心和沉积中心从盆地中心迁移到盆地四周边缘的同生断裂带附近,在沉积盆地北侧边缘商丹带南侧,形成了石炭纪-早三叠世与俯冲消减带有关的楔状沉积充填体。在凤太拉分盆地中形成的近东西向、北北东向、近南北向和北西向网状同生断裂带系统共同控制了凤太泥盆纪拉分盆地形成与演化过程。其中,商丹带（西段）、礼县-凤县-凤镇-山阳同生断裂带（中段）和酒奠梁-镇安-板岩镇同生断裂带（西段）三个主控同生断裂带不但在泥盆纪期间对于凤太泥盆纪拉分盆地形成具有显著控制作用,而且石炭纪-早三叠世拉分盆地演化过程也具有十分重要的控制作用,石炭纪-早三叠世同生断裂带发生构造反转并控制了沉降中心和沉积中心。采用沉积盆地动力学和构造-岩相学等新方法研究认为,在凤太晚古生代拉分盆地具有分级特征,西部凤县二级盆地为金-多金属成矿集中区,东部太白二级盆地为金矿成矿集中区。在八方山-银母寺三级拉分盆地中,八方山和银母寺等多金属矿床与八卦庙超大型金矿床具有矿田尺度上成矿分带,主要由于三级盆地、同生断裂、热水沉积岩相和构造热流体叠加岩相控制了矿田和矿床尺度上金与多金属成矿分带。凤太拉分盆地北部和东部金矿矿源层和初步富集成矿形成主要与泥盆纪钠长岩相和钠质热水沉积岩相有关,并受钠长碳酸质角砾岩-铁白云石钠长石角砾岩等石炭纪构造-热流体岩相叠加;凤太拉分盆地南部温江寺三叠系浊积岩系中热水硅质岩相和层状英安质凝灰岩是卡林型金矿重要赋矿层位;凤太拉分盆地中部热水沉积-改造型铅锌矿主要与硅质岩相和菱铁矿铁白云岩相等热水沉积相密切有关。     

云南省鹤庆县小天井锰矿的地质特征及盆地控制

小天井锰矿是滇西地区最大的锰矿床, 产于滇西上三叠统松桂组碎屑岩建造中, 由氧化锰矿石和碳酸锰矿石组成, 矿石成份较单一。碳和氧同位素的特征揭示了成矿物源的多来源及成矿的多阶段特征。稀土配分模式属轻稀土富集型。鹤庆锰矿形成于扬子地块西缘三叠纪诺利期盐源—丽江盆地中的丽江凹陷带之内的一个次级叠加盆地。盆地和成矿作用受控于同生断裂活动。建立了成矿模式。     

Episodic fluid movements in superimposed basin:Combined evidence from outcrop and fluid inclusions of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir,Guizhou Province

Combined evidence from the outcrop and the fluid inclusion assemblage (FIA) analysis indicates that there exist two episodes of fluid flow controlled by the tectonic activity. The first episode was recorded mainly in the reservoir rock of the Honghuayuan Formation,representing the fluid flow of hydrocarbon charging. The second episode occurred mainly along the fault systems,representing the fluid move-ment when the ancient oil reservoir was destroyed. The host mineral morphology,homogeneous tem-perature,and salinity of the FIAs record an episodic fluid movement. Characters of high homogenous temperature,low salinity and a quick temperature variation of the first episode fluid flow may indicate an early-stage fluid eruption,and correspondingly,fine-grained calcite was formed. Temperature of the erupted fluid tended to decrease during its mixing with the upper formation fluid and finally had the same temperature as the upper formation. From then on,the temperature was rather steady and fa-vored the growth of the coarse calcite. Due to this character of the temperature variation of the episodic fluid flow,we can use the homogenous temperature of the FIA of the coarse calcite to date the forma-tion and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir. Episodic fluid flow was known for its inhomogeneous trapping,which resulted in the failure of dating according to the burial history. But taking a close look at its temperature variation,we think that the latest stage of fluid flow,characterized by steady state temperature and grow of the coarser crystals,can be used for dating. It will be of great value if this method is proved to be effective. The formation and the destruction time of the Majiang ancient oil reservoir were dated to be in the Indosinian Period and the late Yanshan-early Hymalayan Period respectively. This conclusion is in great discrepancy with the common accepted idea that the Majiang ancient oil reservoir was formed and destroyed during the Caledonian tectonic movement. Even so,this paper further discussed its reliability from the view of the source rock evolution and also the local tectonic evolution.     

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and petrofabric studies in the Garhwal synform, Outer Lesser Himalaya: Evidence of pop-up klippen

Abstract   Geological field, petrographic, and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility studies help in understanding the evolutionary history of the Garhwal synform that lies in the western Outer Lesser Himalaya. Orientations of the magnetic susceptibility axes reveal large variations at short distances as a result of superimposed deformation, and predominant stress conditions favorable for normal faulting. Rocks forming the outer limbs of the Garhwal Synform are metamorphosed up to the lower greenschist facies. The metamorphic grade increases to chlorite zone in the inner limb and the core is characterized by chlorite–biotite to garnet zones. The different grades of metamorphism are separated by thrusts and the structure is described as a pop-up klippen.     

甘肃李坝金矿床定位预测的叠加晕模式

李坝金矿具有多期多阶段叠加成矿成晕的特点,根据不同成矿阶段元素组合和单阶段形成原生晕的垂直分带规律（从上→下是As,Hg,Sb→Ag,Pb,Au,Cu,Zn→Bi,Mn)及不同成矿阶段形成矿体（晕）在空间上的叠加特点,建立了矿床的原生叠加晕模式,确定了盲矿定位预测标志。     

中国叠合型盆地复合含油气系统的基本特征

中国叠合型含油气盆地具有演化历史漫长、多阶段构造演化、充填层系多的特点。所发育的含油气系统常具有油气混源、多储集层系、运聚方式组合多变与成藏期次多的特点 ,很难用Magoon和Dow( 1994 )的概念对其进行确切描述。文中从中国含油气系统的特点出发 ,提出了“复合含油气系统”的概念 ,并建立相应的划分及评价方法。中国复合含油气系统有叠置型、运聚变异型、相向汇聚型、断层贯通型、油气分异型、共盖型及改造型等 7种常见类型 ,每一叠合盆地含有上述 1种或多种类型。如中国中西部前陆克拉通叠合型盆地以冲断带断层贯通型与前陆斜坡不整合面运聚型为特色 ,而东部断陷坳陷叠合型盆地则以叠置型复合含油气系统为主 ,南方残留新生型叠合盆地则以改造型复合含油气系统占主导 ,因此每类盆地的复合含油气系统的特点与勘探手段并不一致。复合含油气系统描述是油气勘探战略选区的基础 ,油气运聚单元的划分与评价则是制定油气勘探方向的关键 ,现代勘探技术的综合配套应用是提高中国复合含油气系统勘探成效的根本保证。     

浅析四道沟金矿矿床成因及找矿方向

四道沟金矿是地质条件较为复杂的矿床,对其成因问题前人观点众说不一。比较典型的主要有岩浆热液成因和沉积变质成因,成因不同直接影响着找矿方向。根据矿床地质特征和工作实践认为：该矿床成因应为沉积变质－ 岩浆热液叠加改造型矿床。所以沉积变质和岩浆热液成矿的有利条件均应成为找矿的主要方向。据此开展的找矿工作已初步获得突破性进展。     

Ore-Forming Fluid Characteristics of the Dayingezhuang Gold Deposit, Jiaodong Gold Province, China

The Dayingezhuang gold deposit is located in the central part of the Zhaoping Fault Zone, which is one of the most important gold-hosting faults in the Jiaodong gold province of China. Dayingezhuang is a typical large-scale shear zone-hosted disseminated gold deposit with superimposed silver mineralization. Fluid inclusion (FI) petrography and microthermometry, and analysis of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes for fluid inclusions were conducted to determine the characteristics of the ore-forming fluids and the processes of silver mineralization. Microthermometry data of FI indicated that ore-forming fluids are characterized by low salinity and low density. Homogenization pressures of FI are estimated at 20 × 10⁵–220 × 10⁵ Pa. The change in ore-forming fluids from K₂SO₄ type to NaCl type indicates the superposition of two hydrothermal mineralizing events. Ore-forming fluids were dominated by magmatic components in the early mineralization period, and affected by meteoric waters in the late period. Gold may have been transported as Au-S or Au-Cl complexes, whereas silver was transported as Ag-Cl complexes. Early fluid boiling and later fluid mixing are thought to be two of the main factors causing the deposition and superimposing of gold and silver to form the large deposit.     

江南过渡带东至查册桥金矿床~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学及成矿条件研究

查册桥金矿是近年来在江南过渡带发现的一个金多金属矿床,本文对该矿床与矿化有关的蚀变花岗闪长斑岩中绢云母进行了~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年龄测试,获得蚀变岩金矿石绢云母坪年龄156.9±1.6 Ma,等时线年龄152±28 Ma和矿化强蚀变花岗闪长斑岩绢云母坪年龄142.1±1.3 Ma,等时线年龄137±13 Ma。程檀矿段与牛头高家矿段流体包裹体均一温度为160℃左右,氢氧同位素特征显示成矿热液以岩浆热液为主。结合本区及邻近矿区相关研究成果,本区金矿主要为浅成、低温型,成矿物质和热液具有多来源特征,原生金矿以微细粒浸染型为主,具类卡林型金矿矿化特征,其年龄值分别对应于燕山期不同阶段构造活动和成岩成矿作用时代,其成矿过程经历了中侏罗世韧-脆性挤压构造变形和蚀变、矿化,晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期与岩体侵入相关的金多金属矿化,以及早白垩世中、晚期浅成低温热液成矿作用。