浙江次坞地区晋宁晚期双峰式岩浆杂岩带的地球化学特征：Rodinia超大陆裂解的岩石学记录

次坞地区晋宁晚期火山岩与侵入岩由基性岩（上墅组下段基性火山岩与次坞辉绿岩体）和酸性岩（上墅组上段酸性火山岩与道林山碱长花岗岩体）组成,它们在时空上紧密伴生,成因上密切相关,SiO₂ 含量集中分布在两个区间,缺乏SiO₂为57％~68％的中性及中酸性成分,构成一套双峰式岩浆杂岩组合。酸性岩在化学组成上富硅碱而贫钙镁,准铝-过铝质,富含Zr、Nb和稀土元素,FeO^*/MgO、Rb/Sr比值大,显示出A型花岗质岩石的成分特征;基性岩具有富铝、钠、钛和偏碱性的特征,形成于陆内至陆缘张裂环境。基性岩与酸性岩由不同的源区熔融形成,基性岩起源于亏损程度较低的地幔或来源于亏损地幔的岩浆受到陆壳物质的混染,酸性岩可能起源于地壳中既含有基性地壳组分和又含有酸性地壳组分的源区的部分熔融。双峰式岩浆杂岩的形成,是华南Rodinia超大陆裂解事件的岩石学记录,揭示了华南Rodinia超大陆裂解始于青白口纪。     

青海海西州乌北地体晋宁期柯柯沙花岗片麻岩锆石U-Pb年龄证据

在前人认为的震旦纪末期青海西部乌北地体柯柯沙花岗片麻岩中采集了2件同位素年龄样品,用LA-ICP-MS法测得其中锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值分别为826±6Ma(MSWD=0.84,n=12)和810±7Ma(MSWD=0.93,n=10)。这2个年龄值表明,柯柯沙花岗片麻岩属于晋宁运动早期的岩浆作用产物,与中国众多的晋宁期花岗岩一起响应了全球罗迪尼亚(Rodinia)超大陆在中国西北部的汇聚或离散演化。     

A 90° spin on Rodinia: possible causal links between the Neoproterozoic supercontinent, superplume, true polar wander and low-latitude glaciation

We report here new geochronological and paleomagnetic data from the 802±10 Ma Xiaofeng dykes in South China. Together with existing data, these results suggest that Rodinia probably spread from the equator to the polar region at ca. 800 Ma, followed by a rapid ca. 90° rotation around an axis near Greenland that brought the entire supercontinent to a low-latitude position by ca. 750 Ma. We propose that it was the initiation of a mantle superplume under the polar end of Rodinia that triggered an episode of true polar wander (TPW) which brought the entire supercontinent into equatorial latitudes. An unusually extensive emerged land area at the equator increased both atmospheric CO₂ drawdown and global albedo, which, along with waning plume volcanism led directly to the low-latitude Sturtian glaciation at ca. 750–720 Ma.     

How High Are the P-T Conditions for Paleoproterozoic Metamorphism of the Huangtuling Felsic Granulite, North Dabieshan, Central China？

This paper is supported by the Special Doctoral Grant of the Ministry of Education of China （No. 98049114） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 49972023）.     

Geochronology of the khondalite belt of Trivandrum Block, Southern India: Electron probe ages and implications for Gondwana tectonics

In a comprehensive U–Pb electron microprobe study of zircon and monazite from the khondalite belt of Trivandrum Block in southern Kerala, we present age data on five key metapelite locations (Nedumpara, Oottukuzhi, Kulappara, Poolanthara and Paranthal). The rocks here, characterized by the assemblage of garnet–sillimanite–spinel–cordierite–biotite–K–feldsapr–plagiocalse–quartz–graphite, have been subjected to granulite facies metamorphism under extreme thermal conditions as indicated by the stability of spinel + quartz and the presence of mesoperthites that equilibrated at ultrahigh-temperature (ca. 1000 °C) conditions. The oldest spot age of 3534 Ma comes from the core of a detrital zircon at Nedumpara and is by far the oldest age reported from this supracrustal belt. Regression of age data from several spot analyses in single zircons shows “isochrons” ranging from 3193 ± 72 to 2148 ± 94 Ma, indicating heterogeneous population of zircons derived from multiple provenance. However, majority of zircons from the various localities shows Neoproterozoic apparent ages with sharply defined peaks in individual localities, ranging between 644–746 Ma. The youngest zircon age of 483 Ma was obtained from the outermost rim of a grain that incorporates a relict core displaying ages in the range of 2061–2543 Ma.The cores of monazites also show apparent older ages of Palaeo-Mesoproterozoic range, which are mantled by late Neoproterozoic/Cambrian rims. The oldest monazite core has an apparent age of 2057 Ma. Extensive growth of new monazite during latest Neoproterozoic to Cambrian–Ordovician times is also displayed by grain cores with apparent ages up to 622 Ma. The homogeneous core of a sub-rounded monazite grain yielded a maximum age of 569 Ma, markedly younger than the 610 Ma age reported in a previous study from homogenous and rounded zircon core from a metapelite in Trivandrum Block. These younger ages from abraded grains that have undergone fluvial transport are interpreted to indicate that deposition within the khondalite belt was as young as, or later than, this range. Probability density plots indicate that majority of the monazite grain population belong to Late Proterozoic/Cambrian age (ca. 560–520 Ma) with major peaks defining sharp spikes in individual localities.The age data presented in this study indicate that the metasediments of the Trivandrum Block sourced from Archaean and Paleo-Mesoproterozoic crustal fragments that were probably assembled in older supercontinents like Ur and Columbia. The largest age population of zircons belong to the Neoproterozoic, and are obviously related to orogenies during the pre-assembly phase of Gondwana, possibly from terrains belonging to the East African Orogen. Several prominent age spikes within the broad late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian age range displayed by monazites denote the dynamic conditions and extreme thermal perturbations attending the birth of Gondwana. Our study further establishes the coherent link between India and Madagascar within the East Gondwana ensemble prior to the final assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent.     

北祁连山镜铁山地区镜铁山群岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

镜铁山铁(铜)矿床是我国西北地区发现和勘探最早的大型铁(铜)矿床。对于铁矿床的成因,目前还存在不同的观点。笔者等对镜铁山铁铜矿床赋矿地层开展了岩石学和岩石化学成分分析,结果显示：变质石英砂岩的SiO₂平均含量为96.95%、Al₂O₃平均为1.36%、Fe₂O₃平均为0.31%,SiO₂/Al₂O₃平均值为73.26,K₂O/Na₂O平均值为12.54;除Sn以外,其他微量元素平均含量均低于后太古宙澳大利亚页岩(PAAS)值,稀土元素总量显著低于PAAS值,具有弱的Eu正异常,Ce异常不明显;铁碧玉岩SiO₂平均含量为85.67%、Fe₂O₃平均含量为10.19%、SiO₂/Al₂O₃平均为430.47、K₂O/Na<...     

扬子—华夏构造结合带的演化阶段及对斑岩铜矿形成的控制机制

扬子与华夏古板块均存在太古宙—中元古代古老基底,在构造演化历程中响应全球超大陆聚合-裂解过程,并最终碰撞拼贴形成钦-杭结合带,且经历构造运动之后,其总体演化格架为"两开三合一转折"。结合带内存在元古宙洋壳,以蛇绿岩套与镁铁质-超镁铁质岩石为特征,并以此推断结合带形成于新元古代。钦-杭结合带是斑岩成矿带,斑岩铜矿时空分布具有三段划分特征,且处于170~150 Ma和100 Ma左右两个成矿期。与成矿有关的斑岩主要为钙碱性岩浆系列的中酸性岩,岩石类型主要为花岗闪长斑岩、花岗斑岩和二长花岗斑岩等。钦-杭结合带燕山期的斑岩具岛弧岩浆作用特点,指示了华南地区中生代构造转折事件发生以前的地质演化及太平洋板块俯冲作用,即古俯冲带物质在中生代活化成矿。中侏罗世岩石圈减薄及太平洋板块俯冲的扰动导致上涌软流圈地幔带来大量的热量,这些热量加热上覆元古宙岛弧底部玄武质岩石导致它们发生重熔形成了含矿岩浆,本质上该类矿床带有岛弧俯冲环境的基因。而100 Ma左右斑岩铜矿的形成,则与太平洋俯冲换向所扰动有关。     

北祁连山镜铁山地区镜铁山群岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

镜铁山铁（铜）矿床是我国西北地区发现和勘探最早的大型铁（铜）矿床。对于铁矿床的成因,目前还存在不同的观点。本文对镜铁山铁铜矿床赋矿地层开展了岩石学和岩石化学成分分析,结果显示：变质石英砂岩的SiO2平均含量为96. 95%、Al2O3平均为1. 36%、Fe2O3平均为0. 31%,SiO2/Al2O3平均值为73. 26,K2O/Na2O平均值为12. 54;除Sn以外,其他微量元素平均含量均低于后太古宙澳大利亚页岩(PAAS) 值,稀土元素总量显著低于PAAS值,具有弱的Eu正异常,Ce异常不明显;铁碧玉岩SiO2平均含量为85. 67%、Fe2O3平均含量为10. 19%、SiO2/Al2O3平均为430. 47、K2O/Na2O平均为0. 79;除Cu、Ba和Pb平均含量显著高于PAAS外,其他微量元素平均含量均低于PAAS,具有极低的稀土总量、较明显的Eu正异常和不明显的Ce异常;千枚岩SiO2平均为63. 56%、Al2O3平均为14. 35%、Fe2O3平均为5. 04%,K2O平均为5. 08%,MgO平均为2. 46%,SiO2/Al2O3=4. 2~4. 95,平均为4. 44,除了Cu、Sr和U外,其他微量元素均高于PAAS,尤其是Sn和Ba显著高于PAAS。稀土元素总量与PAAS相当,Ce和Eu异常不明显。认为镜铁山群下岩组千枚岩和变质石英砂岩为陆源石英质沉积岩和中—中酸性火成岩在半干旱—潮湿的气候条件下经历了中等—强烈的风化并在被动大陆边缘的氧化—贫氧—次氧化水体环境沉积而成,铁碧玉岩源岩主要为火成岩,形成于氧化的水体环境,为典型的热水成因。镜铁山铁矿为SEDEX型矿床,其形成与哥伦比亚超大陆裂解有关。     

扬子西缘新元古代裂谷盆地演化的年代学新证据及其意义

扬子西缘康滇裂谷是华南新元古代裂谷系的主要组成部分,对理解华南新元古代裂谷盆地演化与Rodinia超大陆裂解的响应关系具有重要意义。澄江组是康滇裂谷最为典型的沉积充填序列,其时代的准确限定是解析Rodinia超大陆裂解背景下盆地演化的重要前提。本文对滇东北巧家谓姑地区澄江组火山岩开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年代学分析,获得澄江组底部玄武岩年龄806.4±6.7 Ma和下部凝灰岩年龄788.4±5.9 Ma。结合已有年龄数据,将澄江组沉积时代准确限定为800～720 Ma,与开建桥组及陆良组上部为同期异相产物。康滇裂谷的三个次级盆地演化基本同步,均于800 Ma左右开始全面接受沉积,是Rodinia超大陆的裂解的响应。     

华北克拉通北缘Columbia超大陆裂解事件:来自燕辽裂陷槽中部长城系碱性火山岩的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素证据

本文报导了华北克拉通北缘燕辽裂陷槽中部长城系大红峪组、团山子组碱性玄武质岩和侵入串岭沟组基性岩脉的岩石学、地球化学以及锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征。结合区域地质资料与前人研究成果,对这些碱性玄武岩与基性岩脉的时代问题、岩浆岩起源和源区类型以及岩浆作用的动力学背景进行了讨论。研究表明大红峪组碱性玄武岩和串岭沟组基性岩脉分别形成于1624±9Ma和1620±9Ma,二者在误差范围内一致;这些基性岩浆岩普遍具有高的Zr含量(94×10-6~196×10-6)、富集轻稀土((La/Yb)N=10.63~21.97)及大离子亲石元素,大多数样品无明显的Eu异常,微量元素组成与OIB相似。锆石Hf同位素显示弱亏损特征,εHf(t)值为-0.6~3.8。燕辽裂陷槽中部长城系碱性岩的原始岩浆可能起源于同一软流圈地幔源区的低程度部分熔融(2%~3%),且有岩石圈地幔物质加入。岩浆受地壳混染的程度低,经历了强烈的结晶分异作用。研究进一步表明,燕辽裂陷槽中部长城系碱性岩从1635Ma(团山子组)开始喷发,1625Ma达到峰期,大红峪组地层沉积时间晚于1635Ma。联系该阶段全球各大陆情况,华北地区该期的碱性岩岩浆事件应与哥伦比亚超大陆裂解有关。