印尼古邦岛(KUPANG)卡菲默纳努(KEFAMENANU)千岛矿区 锰矿地质特征及成因探讨

印尼千岛锰矿贮存于白垩系上统砂岩、泥岩中,呈层状、似层状产出,具有层控特征,局部遭受断裂构造破坏。通过对矿区成矿地质条件分析,初步认为矿床属于海相碎屑沉积类型锰矿床,具有较好的找矿远景。     

湖南株洲地区Cd、Pb污染土壤的修复实验

以海泡石、膨润土和生石灰为修复材料,对湖南株洲地区重金属元素Cd、Pb污染农田土壤进行了室内修复实验。盆栽小白菜的正交实验结果表明,对于Cd含量为1.23 mg/kg、Pb含量为136.7 mg/kg的土壤,当每10 kg土壤添加膨润土60 g、海泡石20 g、石灰6 g时,种植的小白菜中Cd含量为0.154 mg/kg,Pb含量为0.141mg/kg。与未修复土壤的实验结果对比,小白菜中Cd含量降低61%,Pb含量降低46%。     

基于MAPGIS的地质矿产勘查项目信息管理系统

以MapGIS为平台,二次开发实现了地质矿产勘查项目信息管理系统,并建立了重庆市矿产地和勘查项目库。该系统利用GIS技术合理规划矿产资源勘查,信息化管理矿产开发项目,为制定可持续发展的矿产资源开发利用方案提供辅助决策。     

中国东部玄武岩风化土壤的粘土矿物及碳 汇地球化学研究

     玄武岩风化是大气CO2 的一个主要碳汇过程,气候条件是影响玄武岩风化和固碳速率的重要因素。该文选择中国东 部不同气候带的新生代玄武岩典型风化剖面,进行了粘土矿物和常量元素分析。结果显示,在内蒙古-海南岛的采样区间内, 随着气候条件由干冷向暖湿转化,风化剖面中粘土矿物组合呈现蒙脱石+ 伊利石+ 高岭石→蒙脱石+ 高岭石→高岭石+ 三水 铝石的转变。剖面中土壤元素得失状况也显示出相应的规律,由于存在粉尘输入与风化淋滤作用的综合影响,在干冷的内 蒙古地区,粉尘对于Ca,K,Na,Si 等元素的输入量大于这些元素的淋失量;在山东地区,Ca,K,Na 元素开始快速淋失, 大于粉尘的输入量;在苏皖地区,Si 元素的淋失量开始小于粉尘输入量;而在湿热的海南地区,风化作用强烈,Si显示出 大量淋失的特点,碱性元素几乎全部流失。根据元素的相对得失率和北方粉尘平均组分的校正,初步估算了研究区内玄武 岩风化对大气CO2 的消耗速率,其数值在5.37~181.00 t（km2·a）之间,与Dessert 等（2003）的研究结果大致相当。     

攀西地区红格钒钛磁铁矿床地球化学异常特征分析及矿床成因探讨

攀西地区基性-超基性含矿岩体以赋存超大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床而闻名于世,是我国重要的铁矿产地和重要的钒钛资源基地.通过对该矿床的地质特征、构造与围岩对成矿的控制作用及地球化学异常特征分析研究,认为红格钒钛磁铁矿成矿物质来源于上地幔,玄武岩浆结晶分异过程中有地壳物质混入地幔物质.矿床的形成对时间与空间要求严格.基性-超基性岩、灯影组白云质灰岩和峨眉山玄武岩是形成红格钒钛磁铁矿床的必要条件.     

Characterisation of carbonate minerals from hyperspectral TIR scanning using features at 14 000 and 11 300 nm

Rapid characterisation of carbonate phases in hyperspectral reflectance spectra acquired from drill core material has important implications for mineral exploration and resource modelling. Major infrared active features of carbonates lie in the thermal region around 6500 nm, 11 300 nm and 14 000 nm, with the latter two features being most useful for differentiating mineral species. A scatter diagram of the wavelength of the 14 000 nm feature vs that of the 11 300 nm feature, powerfully differentiates carbonates. Although the wavelength of the 11 300 nm peak is easily measured, the 14 000 nm trough and peak are commonly weak and their wavelengths can confidently be used only after filtering the spectra, e.g. selecting only those with the trough and peak separated by 175–230 nm, typical of common carbonates. The method is demonstrated with drillhole 120R from the Rosebery polymetallic VHMS deposit in western Tasmania, which has been scanned with the HyLogger-3 system. A 14 000–11 300 plot shows a high degree of clustering of the drillhole 120R data close to the library spectra of calcite, dolomite, Fe-dolomite, ankerite, kutnohorite, rhodochrosite, Fe-rhodochrosite and siderite. The interpreted compositions of the carbonate spectral populations strongly correlate with the chemical populations of 144 analysed carbonates and provide a highly resolved spatial framework for interpreting carbonate alteration.     

CaCl2溶液对不同黏土基防渗墙渗透性的影响

在垃圾填埋场和场地污染防治工程中,黏土基防渗墙作为原位屏障,已广泛应用于隔离污染物与控制污染地下水的迁移。由黏土与地层混合形成的防渗墙与CaCl2溶液相互作用后,其渗透性会发生怎样的变化。针对这一问题,使用福建标准砂模拟砂性地层,以4种黏土作为混合材料,通过混合、浇筑和固结以后,对其渗透系数和水分特征曲线进行了实测。结果表明,在10%黏土添加量下,当4种砂-黏土混合土经0.2 mol/L CaCl2溶液渗透稳定后,其渗透系数相比渗透液为自来水时都有不同程度的增大,但渗透系数增大的倍数没有超过10。此外,CaCl2溶液在4种砂-黏土混合土中渗透稳定后试样的孔隙率没有发生较大变化,只是小幅地减小了。试验结果分析认为,钙离子与黏土矿物颗粒表面的单价阳离子发生了置换反应,使扩散双电层厚度减小,结合水含量降低,因而有效孔隙率增加,可能是宏观上造成渗透系数变大的主要原因。     

与斑岩型铜矿有关的角砾岩(筒)

斑岩型铜矿床是重要的铜矿类型,在已探明的铜储量中斑岩型铜矿居首位.研究认为,在板块构造的敛合带上,斑岩铜矿发育地区,常见有角砾状地质体和角砾岩筒.这些角砾状地质体和角砾岩筒对矿化与富集起着重要作用,是斑岩铜矿的重要找矿标志,有时其本身就是铜矿体.本文中从理论与野外工作相结合的角度,总结了与斑岩型铜矿床有关的角砾状地质体和角砾岩筒的类型及地质特征,通过具体实例介绍了与斑岩铜矿有关的角砾岩筒的找矿思路与方法,适宜野外工作的实际应用.     

Geochemistry,mineralogy and petrogenesis of the northeast Niğde volcanics,central Anatolia,Turkey

The volcanics exposed in the northeast Niğde area are characterized by pumiceous pyroclastic rocks present as ash flows and fall deposits and by compositions ranging from dacite to rhyolite. Xenoliths found in the volcanics are basaltic andesite, andesite and dacite in composition. These rocks exhibit linear chemical variations between end‐member compositions and a continuity of trace element behaviour exists through the basaltic andesite–andesite–dacite–rhyolite compositional range. This is consistent with the fractionation of ferromagnesian minerals and plagioclase from a basaltic andesite or andesite parent. These rocks are peraluminous and show typical high‐K calc‐alkaline differentiation trends with total iron content decreasing progressively with increasing silica content. Bulk rock and mineral compositional trends and petrographic data suggest that crustal material was added to the magmas by subducted oceanic crust and is a likely contaminant of the source zone of the Niğde magmas. The chemical variations in these volcanics indicate that crystal liquid fractionation has been a dominant process in controlling the chemistry of the northeast Niğde volcanics. It is also clear, from the petrographic and chemical features, that magma mixing with disequilibrium played a significant role in the evolution of the Niğde volcanic rocks. This is shown by normal and reverse zoning in plagioclase and resorption of most of the observed minerals. The xenoliths found in the Niğde volcanics represent the deeper part of the magma reservoir which equilibrated at the higher pressures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GIS技术的矿产资源信息系统

地质资料基本上可以分为空间数据和属性数据两大类.它们是地学数据不可分割的两方面,客观上要求统一进行管理.采用地理信息系统技术,可以彻底解决两种类型数据统一管理问题.结合正在开展的辽宁省矿产资源勘查、开发与利用规划工作,论述了建立基于GIS技术的辽宁矿产资源信息系统实现数据可视化和空间模型分析的思路和实现方法.它为今后矿产资源管理工作实现全面科学化管理提供了现代化手段,也为制定行业发展规划以及进行生产决策提供了支持,进而促进地质找矿和矿产开发的工作部署朝思维可视化及思路多样化的方向发展.