气袋采样法对还原硫化物测定的影响因素分析及机理研究

还原硫化物是一Z类典型的恶臭物质,其特点是活性高、不易储存,因此适宜的储存条件对还原硫化物的准确测定具有重要意义。本文使用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,从气袋材质、还原硫化物初始浓度、还原硫化物性质和储存时间四个因素探究袋采样法储存还原硫化物过程的损失情况。以Tedlar~? PVF和Teflon~? FEP为目标采样袋,使用5个初始浓度(0. 001、0. 010、0. 100、1. 000和10. 000μg/m L)的混合还原硫化物,选择0、2、6、12、24、48以及72h的储存时间,以响应因子和相对回收率作为评价因子,并使用配对t检验法和吸附动力学,研究影响储存效果的主要因素、物质损失机理以及两种采样袋的储存能力。结果表明,储存时间越长、物质初始浓度越高,物质活性越强,损失情况越严重;在环境温度达到60℃时,Tedlar~? PVF的基质背景较Teflon~? FEP更复杂;相同条件下,还原硫化物在Teflon~? FEP储存过程中损失更严重。依据研究结果建议:(1)样品采集后避光保存;(2)低浓度含硫样品的测定在采样后8h内完成,高浓度含硫样品的测定在2h内完成;(3)若待测样品气体温度较高,优先选择Teflon~? FEP采样袋,气体温度较低条件下选择Tedlar~? PVF采样袋,可最大限度保持样品的原始状态。本研究成果有利于确保还原硫化物样品的储存稳定性,最大限度还原恶臭污染现场情况,为恶臭污染的分析测试以及后续的恶臭污染控制与治理提供技术支持。     

扬子地块北缘新元古代望江山层状岩体矿物成分和铂族元素特征:对岩浆演化过程和构造环境的制约

望江山层状岩体位于扬子地块北缘新元古代汉南杂岩带中,岩体从底部到顶部由超镁铁质岩过渡为中性岩:底部主要由辉石岩和橄长岩组成;中部为辉长苏长岩和辉长岩;上部为辉长岩和闪长岩。研究以中部岩相带橄榄辉长苏长岩、辉长苏长岩和辉长岩为对象,通过主要矿物的主微量元素和全岩主微量元素的分析,查明望江山岩体来源于尖晶石二辉橄榄岩组成的大陆下岩石圈地幔,并且地幔源区受到了来自俯冲板片流体的交代,岩体中部带的母岩浆为拉斑玄武质岩浆。钛铁矿—磁铁矿矿物对成分计算表明,母岩浆在形成时具有较高氧逸度。通过单斜辉石压力计得到岩体的侵位深度约为12.9~18 km。对岩体母岩浆橄榄石分离结晶过程的模拟计算表明,中部带橄榄石为母岩浆经过~28%分离结晶的产物。此外,铂族元素（PGE）组成暗示岩体并未经历过大规模的硫化物熔离,可能与缺乏地壳物质混染有关。岩体中单斜辉石与岛弧环境堆晶岩中单斜辉石成分相似,不同于裂谷环境中堆晶单斜辉石的成分;同时,全岩Th/Yb和Nb/Yb比值也与岛弧玄武岩比值相似,因此矿物和全岩成分均说明望江山层状岩体应形成于岛弧环境。研究认为扬子北缘在新元古代长期的俯冲过程中,大洋板片断离导致软流圈上涌,提供热源使交代大陆下岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成具有岛弧特征的镁铁质岩浆,在局部伸展环境中上升侵位形成汉南杂岩带中镁铁—超镁铁质层状岩体。      

初论雪峰山地区基性-超基性岩镍钴铜金矿找矿方向

近年来,雪峰山地区的基性-超基性岩矿床找矿工作取得了一定的进展。为了及时总结成矿规律,指导进一步的找矿工作,本文在大量野外调研的基础上,系统总结了该地区基性-超基性岩岩体的地质特征、已有找矿进展的长界镍矿和字溪金矿地质特征及已发现的镍钴铜金等矿化特征,并与国内外同类型矿床的成矿特征进行了比较,最后提出了如下认识:雪峰山地区具备找寻基性-超基性岩矿床潜力,目标矿种主要为镍、钴、铜及金矿,主要矿床类型为岩浆硫化物型镍钴铜矿及蚀变热液型金矿。前者目标地质体以通道-洪江-中方-古丈一带新元古代基性-超基性岩群/带最为有利,后者则以隘口岩群及艾头坪-大洪山岩群的大洪山段最为有利。     

Geochemistry of Flooded Underground Mine Workings Influenced by Bacterial Sulfate Reduction

Unlike the majority of the water in the flooded mine complex of Butte Montana, which includes the highly acidic Berkeley pit lake, groundwater in the flooded West Camp underground mine workings has a circum-neutral pH and contains at least 8 μM aqueous sulfide. This article examines the geochemistry and stable isotope composition of this unusual H₂S-rich mine water, and also discusses problems related to the colorimetric analysis of sulfide in waters that contain FeS_(aq) cluster compounds. The West Camp mine pool is maintained at a constant elevation by continuous pumping, with discharge water that contains elevated Mn (90 μM), Fe (16 μM), and As (1.3 μM) but otherwise low metal concentrations. Dissolved inorganic carbon in the mine water is in chemical and isotopic equilibrium with rhodochrosite in the mineralized veins. The mine water is under-saturated with mackinawite and amorphous FeS, but is supersaturated with Cu- and Zn-sulfides. However, voltammetry studies show that much of the dissolved sulfide and ferrous iron are present as FeS_(aq) cluster molecules: as a result, the free concentration of the West Camp water is poorly constrained. Concentrations of dissolved sulfide determined by colorimetry were lower than gravimetric assays obtained by AgNO₃ addition, implying that the FeS_(aq) clusters are not completely extracted by the Methylene Blue reagent. In contrast, the clusters are quantitatively extracted as Ag₂S after addition of AgNO₃. Isotopic analysis of co-existing aqueous sulfide and sulfate confirms that the sulfide was produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The H₂S-rich mine water is not confined to the immediate vicinity of the extraction well, but is also present in flooded mine shafts up to 3 km away, and in samples bailed from mine shafts at depths up to 300 m below static water level. This illustrates that SRB are well established throughout the southwestern portion of the extensive (>15 km³) Butte flooded mine complex.     

Magmatic Sulfide Ni-Cu Deposits in China

Deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection deposits form a major type of magmatic sulfide deposit in China. The reserves of nickel and copper in this type of deposit may attain several hundred thousand tons (e.g.Hongqi 7 and Karatunggu) to nearly ten million tons (e.g.Jinchuan). Those deposits can be classified as large or superlarge deposits. The ore grade is relatively high, commonly with w(Ni)＞1 %.The mineralized intrusions are small in size, generally only 0.0n km2 to 0.n km2, with the largest one not exceeding a few km2. Before intruding, the primary magmas have undergone liquation and partial crystallization at depth; as a result, the magmas have partitioned into barren magma, ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magma and ore magma, which then ascended and injected into the present locations once or multiple times, to form ore deposits. The above-mentioned mineralizing process is known as deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection mineralization. The volume of the barren magma is generally much larger than those of the ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magma and ore magma. In the ascending process, most of the barren magma intruded into different locations or outpoured onto the ground surface, forming intrusions or lava flows. The rest barren magma, ore-bearing magma, ore-rich magmaand ore magma may either multiple times inject into the same place in which rocks and ores are formed or separately inject into different spaces to form rocks and ores. Such deep-seated magmatic liquation-injection deposits have a much smaller volume, greater ore potential and higher ore grade than those of in-situ magmatic liquation deposits. Consequently, this mineralizing process leads to the formation of large deposits in small intrusions.     

浙江新昌地幔岩捕虏体中的硫化物包裹体初步研究

浙江新昌一带晚第三纪碱性玄武岩中地幔岩（二辉橄榄岩）捕虏体内存在大量硫化物熔体包裹体。电子探针分析表明,硫化物相成分主要为镍黄铁矿,次为磁共铁矿。硫化物包裹体的Ｎｉ／Ｆｅ值与寄主地幔岩的橄榄石含量呈正相关。同一包裹体的硫化物相成分不均一,自中心至边缘硫化物的Ｎｉ／Ｆｅ、（Ｆｅ＋Ｎｉ）／Ｓ值和Ｎｉ呈均呈增加趋势。通过与中国汉诺坝、德国ＷｅｓｔＥｉｆｅｌ东欧Ｎｏｇｒａｄ－Ｇｏｍｏｒ地区资料的综合分析,     

热液脉型铅-锌-银矿床富铁闪锌矿中硫化物包裹体成因探讨

通过对热液脉型的铅－锌－银矿床（３个）和银矿床（１个）和闪锌矿中硫化物包囊体的特征研究表明,石英－硫化物阶段富铁闪锌矿（主矿物）的硫化物包裹体十分发育：沿生长带产出的乳滴状黄铜矿与主矿物为共同沉淀成因;沿穿切主矿物的黄铜矿或石英细脉两侧,和受粗粒黄铜矿溶蚀的富铁闪锌矿近接触部位发育的乳滴状黄铜矿为渗透－交代产物;沿解理（裂隙）或粒间、粒内产出的各种形态磁黄铁矿是充填－交代的结果;沿解理分布的脉状毒     

吉林红旗岭铜镍硫化物矿床的成矿时代讨论

通过对红旗岭铜镍硫化物矿床1号含矿超镁铁质岩体和8号不含矿镁铁-超镁铁质岩体进行单矿物40Ar-39Ar法测年,得到与铜镍硫化物矿床相关的角闪石与黑云母结晶年龄分别为250 Ma和225 Ma,这一结果与前人所报道的K-Ar法年龄有明显的差异.结合与热液矿化相关的斜长伟晶岩锆石SHRIMP法年龄216 Ma,认为镁铁-超镁铁质岩形成于250 Ma左右的印支早期,铜镍硫化物矿床的形成时间晚于含矿岩体,大约为225 Ma前后的印支中期.216 Ma前后的岩浆期后热液叠加对成矿具有积极作用.     

滇西腾冲大硐厂铜-铅-锌矿床的辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年

在环绕印度—亚洲大陆碰撞形成的东构造结波密—腾冲弧形构造带中,发育一组含锡铅_锌_铜多金属矿床,但一直没有准确的成矿年龄数据。文章通过对大硐厂铅_锌矿区红沟岩铜矿体中辉钼矿的Re_Os同位素测试,获得精确的成矿等时线年龄为(118.0±2.4)Ma。区内与成矿关系密切的斑岩成岩年龄在143～112Ma,认为斑岩成岩与成矿同期,同为燕山晚期。     

煎茶岭与金川硫化镍矿床的铂族元素地球化学特征对比及其意义

采用ICP—MS方法分析了煎茶岭和金川硫化镍矿床岩石、矿石的铂族元素含量,煎茶岭岩体蛇纹岩的Cu／Pd比值低于原生地幔岩浆,说明岩浆熔离作用较弱,矿石的Pd／Ir比值较小,指示其多数矿石属于岩浆型,以岩浆成矿作用为主;而金川岩体的平均Cu／Pd比值远大于原生地幔岩浆,表明岩浆熔离作用强,矿石的Pd／Ir比值较大,体现了钯族元素矿化及成矿物质以幔源为主的特征。煎茶岭在成矿过程中有壳源物质的混染,整体上岩石、矿石铂族元素含量较低,这与岩浆熔离作用弱、铂族元素成矿作用不发育等因素有关;金川在成岩成矿过程中也有少量地壳物质的混染,但岩石、矿石铂族元素含量较高,反映了以岩浆深部熔离成矿作用为主的特征。