岩石颗粒边界缺陷分布的概率模型

本文应用概率理论，研究了颗粒结构材料初始边界缺陷的分布问题，提出了一个概率模型，认为材料中的初始边界缺陷不会全部都是孤立地分布，总会有二个、三个或更多个基本边界缺陷相连在一起组成缺陷族的情况，缺陷簇的个数的数学期望值相对于其尺度符合指数衰减强度，衰减指数与缺陷发生的概率及边界网络的相似维数有关。推导得出了颗粒结构材料的拉伸强度与试样尺度、颗粒尺度及缺陷发生概率之间的关系，从理论上论证了材料强度的尺     

Strength characteristics of compacted pond ash

Strength properties of compacted ash layers depend to a great extent on the moulding conditions. This paper focuses on the effects of compaction energy and degree of saturation on strength characteristics of compacted pond ash. The pond ash sample, collected from the ash pond of Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP), was subjected to compactive energies varying from 357 kJ/m³ to 3488 kJ/m³. The optimum moisture content and maximum dry densities corresponding to different compactive energies were determined by conventional compaction tests. The shear strength parameters, unconfined compressive strengths (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) values of specimens compacted to different dry densities and moisture content were assessed and reported. The effects of compaction energy and degree of saturation on shear strength parameters i.e. unit cohesion (c_u) and angle of internal friction (Ф) values and also the UCS values are evaluated and presented herein. The results indicate that the dry density and strength of the compacted pond ash can be suitably modified by controlling the compactive energy and moulding moisture content. The strength achieved in the present study is comparable to the good quality, similar graded conventional earth materials. Hence, it may be safely concluded that pond ash can replace the natural earth materials in geotechnical constructions.     

人工配制生活垃圾强度特性的超大型直接剪切试验

将生活垃圾分为易降解材料、难降解材料和不可压缩的固体材料3大类,其比例为50%、15%、35%。在环境土工实验室,人工配制该比例的垃圾,采用超大型直接剪切试验仪器,进行了生活垃圾强度特性及抗剪强度参数的研究。研究表明,生活垃圾的强度与压缩时间和剪应变有关,且符合库仑定律,得到了初始孔隙比为2.9的生活垃圾在不同压缩时间及不同剪应变下的抗剪强度参数,黏聚力为9.69~15.64kPa,内摩擦角为18.73~35.53。     

冻融条件TG固化剂石灰土基层性能研究

为了进一步研究TG固化剂石灰土在冻融条件下的各项性能, 分别对TG固化剂石灰土进行冻融作用前后的无侧限抗压强度试验和劈裂试验以及干缩试验. 结果表明: 随着冻融循环次数的增加, 无侧限抗压强度以及劈裂强度逐渐减小, 经历8次冻融循环以后强度衰减达到最大值. 经过冻融循环作用后试件的无侧限抗压强度以及劈裂强度残留值随着含水率和压实度的增加而增加, 通过冻融试验得到的抗冻性能指标BDR值在51%以上, 与未饱水冻融循环得到的最终残留强度值保持一致. 经冻融循环作用后TG固化剂石灰土的干缩应变和干缩系数减小, 干缩性能有所提高. 冻融循环条件下TG固化剂石灰土抗冻性能良好, 可以应用于路面基层.     

城市环境下的水土作用对土强度的影响

在对南宁市水化学场进行历史分析的基础上,对南宁市天然水化学场进行模拟,以模拟溶液作为土体的浸渍液,研究变异后的水化学场对土体强度的影响。     

低围压下冻结粉质粘土的三轴强度及变形分析

高围压和低围压对冻土的变形性能及力学指标有不同的影响。对冻结粉质粘土进行了3种负温、4种围压下的三轴试验。试验结果表明：在温度相同时,不同围压、不同应变速率下的应力-应变曲线具有相同的形态,其三轴抗剪强度与围压及温度有明显的线性关系,与应变速率成指数关系;变形模量与围压没有明显的相关关系,但与温度成线性关系,与应变速率成指数关系。而且从冻土结构角度分析了冻土变形及其强度表现的内在原因。     

土壤水取样技术应用基础研究--土壤水提取量与土壤含水量关系

土壤水取样技术在环境地质研究领域,特别是包气带污染质迁移、集聚研究,浅层地下水的污染预测与防治,盐渍土改良及农业生态研究等方面具有重要的应用价值.因而,以实验资料为依据,研究了土壤水取样技术某些重要应用基础问题,重点描述了土壤水取样器在4种不同岩性中的土壤水提取量与土壤含水量的关系,岩性中的土壤水提取量与土壤吸力的关系 ,并建立了相应的相关方程,以及对影响土壤水取样速率和取样量主要因素等问题进行了分析.     

The engineering geology of the Lower Lias Clay at Blockley,Gloucestershire, UK

Summary The Lower Lias Clay at Blockley, 20 km due south of Stratford-upon-Avon, UK, is thought to be representative of this clay formation over much of the Severn Basin. As far as the mineralogy of the clay is concerned, illite is the dominant clay mineral, kaolinite being subsidiary, with quartz, calcite, pyrite and chlorite/vermiculite present in subsidiary or accessory amounts. Weathering changes the mineralogy, with illite being degraded and calcite and pyrite being removed. Furthermore free iron oxide coatings become important as a result of weathering, with the maximum concentrations being present in the highly weathered material.The unweathered clay possesses a preferred orientation associated with turbostratic structures. At certain horizons microfolding and remoulding occurs in the unweathered clay and silty layers are displaced. Weathering has progressively destroyed the micro-structures present in the weathered clay horizons.The fissures in the Lower Lias Clay occur in five uniplanar sets. In the unweathered clay the intensity is fairly constant but it increases in a narrow zone just below the weathered horizons. The number of curved fissures also increases at this depth. This intense fissuring continues into the lowest zone of weathered clay where weathering is confined to the fissure surfaces. Fissures become less apparent in the more weathered horizons as more and more degradation has taken place. However, new smaller fissure systems are developed in the weathered clay, as are desiccation cracks.Engineering index properties and values of shear strength are given. Relationships between moisture content and strength, liquid limit and iron (Fe) content were observed, and a relationship between weathering zones and the shear strength-depth curve was established.     

基于非线性统一强度理论的节理 岩体地基承载力研究

现有的节理岩体地基承载力计算方法大多是以Hoek-Brown强度准则为基础建立的,没有考虑中间主应力的效应,不能充分发挥岩体的强度潜能。综合统一强度理论和Hoek-Brown强度准则的优点,结合临界滑动场理论求解地基承载力,并考虑地震荷载的影响。计算结果表明,基于非线性统一强度理论的地基承载力有不同程度的提高,现有方法中的地基承载力偏于保守;在地震荷载作用下地基承载力有一定程度的降低。     

The geotechnical properties and behaviour of a pro-glacial lake clay, and its cementitious stabilization

The Tees Laminated Clay forms a continuous deposit around the Tees estuary in north east England and was deposited in a proglacial lake which occupied the Teesside area during late Devensian times, disappearing about 13 000 years ago. It overlies till, with which it has a sharp contact and reaches a maximum thickness in parts of central Middlesbrough of just over 9 m. The laminations consist of alternating thin layers of clay and silt, and represent seasonal increments of sediment. Kaolinite and illite, with lesser amounts of chlorite, dominate the mineral composition. Quartz tends to account for less than 35%. The notable carbonate content may be diagenetic in origin. The birefringence ratio of the clay minerals indicates a medium degree of particle orientation which suggests a partially flocculated fabric.This laminated clay has a high plasticity. However, the liquid and plastic limits of the silty layers differ significantly from those of the clay layers or the bulk samples. The clay fraction has a greater influence on these limits than the silty fraction. In addition, the linear shrinkage, liquidity indices and consistency indices of the silty layers differ appreciably from those of the clay layers and the bulk samples. The laminated clay is inactive. The orientation of the laminations in relation to the direction of maximum principal stress influences the shear strength, the lowest strengths being developed when these orientations are between 30° and 60°. The stress paths, anisotropic ratios and values of Af indicate that the Tees Laminated Clay is normally consolidated or lightly overconsolidated. The McLamore–Gray concept possibly can be applied to the anisotropic strength behaviour.Tees Laminated Clay can give rise to problems during construction operations since it can lose strength significantly on remoulding. Accordingly, these soils were treated with cementitious materials to determine the extent to which their engineering behaviour was enhanced by the addition of such materials. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998