Application of wellhead suction anchor technology in the second production test of natural gas hydrates in the South China Sea

Traditional suction anchor technology is mainly used in the fields of subsea structure bearing foundations,single-point mooring systems and offshore wind power. It is characterized by providing sufficient lateral and vertical bearing capacities and lateral bending moment. The anchor structure of a traditional suction anchor structure is improved with wellhead suction anchor technology, where a central pipe is added as a channel for drilling and completion operations. To solve the technical probl...     

The role of pore water in the mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils

Deformation and failure of soils are governed by the stresses acting on the soil skeleton. The isotropic stress acting on the soil skeleton can be divided into two components. One is the stress component which is transmitted through the soil skeleton. This skeleton stress is influenced by the pore water (bulk water) in the soil. The other is the internal stress component which does not contribute to equilibrium with a given external force. The internal stress is induced by the capillary tension of meniscus water clinging to the contact point of soil particles and acts so as to connect the soil particles tightly. Therefore, in modeling the stress and strain relations for unsaturated soils, it is of much importance to quantitatively evaluate how the pore water exists in the soil. This paper discusses the role of pore water on the mechanical behaviour of the soil. In particular, the significance of the water retention curve is emphasized from a mechanical viewpoint. Essential features required in modeling of the constitutive relations for unsaturated soils are discussed and presented.     

泥石流成因机理的非饱和土力学理论研究

泥石流是一种具有较强破坏力的自然山地灾害。对于它的预报研究历来为人们所重视，并建立了很多雨量预报模型。然而，这些雨量预报模型的预报时间很短，往往只能在灾害发生前几十分钟作出预报。论文应用非饱和土强度理论对降雨型泥石漉的成园机理进行了研究，提出降雨型泥石流的形成过程可以划分为2个阶段：第一个阶段与前期实效降雨量有关；第二个阶段与短历时强降雨有关。并对各个阶段降雨作用机理以及固体松散物质的力学性质变化特征进行探讨。为预先判断在降雨条件下，会不会发生泥石流以及所需要的降雨量和雨型提供依据。     

深基坑桩锚支护体系变形实例分析

通过分析基坑桩锚支护系统变形机理及其影响因素，讨论了支锚刚度及预应力对深基坑桩锚支护体系变形的影响，并结合工程实例，阐述了合理确定支锚刚度及预应力控制深基坑桩锚支护体系变形的方法。     

吸力内摩擦角的确定方法研究

吸力内摩擦角在非饱和土抗剪强度理论中是一个关键参数,因受设备、测试技术以及试验方法等的限制,对于其值的确定难度较大。详细地分析了土的基本物理力学性质、测试方法对吸力内摩擦角数值的影响,并通过定性分析和定量计算结合,认为干密度、含水率、内摩擦角、黏聚力与吸力内摩擦角之间存在着一定的非线性关系,因而借用人工智能--BP神经网络的方法构建了4:9:1的网络结构模型,实现了对吸力内摩擦角 的预测和计算。通过预测结果的分析可知,该模型模拟和预测的精度均较高,因此,该种方法可以应用到非饱和土吸力内摩擦角值的预测之中去。     

接触角对非饱和土中基质吸力的影响

接触角是研究三相界面的一个基本物理量。非饱和土是典型的三相体,然而在非饱和土力学中对接触角的研究还比较少,目前还停留在假设阶段,通常假设接触角为某一固定值,甚至忽略接触角的影响。实际上接触角是随外界环境的改变而变化的。通过化学方法对砂土表面改性,从而提高砂土的接触角,使砂土由亲水性变为斥水性。在亲水性砂土中加入斥水性砂土以提高砂土的表观接触角,以此为基础制备不同接触角的试样进行吸力测量试验。试验结果表明,接触角对非饱和土中的基质吸力有重要影响,含水率相同时,随着接触角的增大基质吸力是不断减小的,当含水率增大到一定值时,基质吸力不受土体（亲水状态下）接触角的影响。当接触角增大到一定值时,非饱和土体中的基质吸力消失,即非饱和土体中不再存在负的孔隙水压力。     

铅污染对黄土宏观持水性能和微观结构演化的影响研究

垃圾填埋场渗滤液中的重金属与土体发生物理化学反应,可能导致土体微观结构的改变,重金属等有毒物质得以扩散、运移,威胁人体健康和周边环境。为探究重金属污染对黄土宏观持水性及微观结构的影响,采用轴平移技术测得铅污染黄土的土-水特征曲线。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、压汞（MIP）、X射线衍射（XRD）和Zeta电位试验,阐明细观结构变化特征。结果表明：铅污染黄土的进气值随铅离子浓度的增加而减小,当铅污染浓度由0 mg/kg增加至2 000 mg/kg时,进气值从19.18 kPa下降至12.12 kPa;铅污染导致持水性能降低,渗透系数随铅离子浓度的增加而增加,饱和渗透系数从7.92×10–8 m/s增加到3.73×10–7 m/s;铅污染引起的物理化学反应及Zeta电位的降低导致絮凝结构形成,小孔隙占比减小,中孔隙占比增加;铅污染引起的微观结构演化与宏观持水性和渗透性具有良好的对应关系。该研究结果可为重金属污染场地非饱和渗流及溶质运移等问题的研究提供重要参数。     

The inspection of retaining walls using GPR

In hilly regions, retaining walls along roads, motorways and railway lines are numerous. In some cases the knowledge of the details of the construction is limited. If rehabilitation work becomes necessary, a detailed knowledge of the construction is desirable for the improved planning of maintenance and repair. This paper describes the application of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for the inspection of retaining walls. The work was carried out in two steps. First, an investigation was carried out on large retaining walls at a Swiss motorway within the framework of a service contract. This included the development of an apparatus enabling high precision positioning of the antennas on the walls. Second, a pilot study was performed on a smaller wall with optimized acquisition and processing parameters. This included the use of antennas with different orientations and the fusion of the two corresponding datasets as well as true 3-D data processing. This paper describes the approaches to data acquisition and processing in the form of the two case studies. Results from different acquisition and processing strategies are compared and the benefits and limits are discussed.     

Methods of metal release assessment in soil water at anoxic sites

Metal mobility at contaminated sites can be assessed by soil water investigations or by leaching tests. Leaching tests are usually carried out in open contact with the atmosphere disregarding possible changes of redox conditions. This can affect the original metal speciation and distribution, particularly when anoxic samples are investigated. In this study, the applicability of common leaching tests (the German S4 test (S4), ammonium nitrate extraction (AmmN), and saturation soil extraction (SSE)) is tested for the assessment of zinc release from sulfide‐bearing flotation residues of a former ore mine. Results are compared to soil solution samples obtained by centrifugation and suction cups. The influence of sample storage on S4 leaching test results is investigated in a long‐term study to assess oxidation kinetics. Within the first 200 days the release of zinc increases with a slope of 0.1 mmol kg^–1 d^–1 or 6.0 mg kg^–1 d^–1, respectively. Since oxidation of the sulfide‐bearing samples leads to a significant overestimation of metal release, a feasible modification for the conduction of leaching tests for anoxic material is proposed where oxidation is prevented efficiently. The modified SSE is found to be the only of the tested leaching procedures, which can be recommended for the assessment of current soil water concentrations at anoxic sites if direct investigation of the soil water is impossible due to technical reasons.