Use of late ovarian atresia in describing spawning history of sardine, Sardina pilchardus

We investigated and compared the pattern of accumulation of recent and late atretic follicles in the ovaries of Iberian sardine, Sardina pilchardus, in relation to body size with the aim to examine whether late atresia can be used in back-calculations of individual spawning history. Oppositely to earlier stages, late atresia in sardine was shown to accumulate even at peak spawning periods in fish of larger size/age indicating a relationship between atretic intensity and the distant reproductive performance of the individuals. Despite the fact that intensity of late atresia was very high in some occasions, its accumulation was not shown to impede imminent spawning activity. Lack of dependence between imminent spawning activity and the intensity of late atresia was related to the differential pattern with which postovulatory and atretic follicles are associated to the lamellar epithelium of the ovary. Finally, the effect of the ‘reference trap’ which is a major source of bias when quantifying structures in stereological measurements, could be mediated or even completely removed by using a measure of ovarian growth, such as gonosomatic index in the present study, as a covariate when modeling variability in the intensity of atresia.     

渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷断层对油气运聚的控制作用

在对南堡凹陷断层类型划分的基础上,利用地质统计法和地化分析等技术手段,从宏观到微观多个方面阐述了南堡凹陷断层对油气运聚的控制作用。根据断层的发育历史,将南堡凹陷断层划分为3类：长期活动型(Ⅰ类)、早期活动型(Ⅱ类)和晚期活动型(Ⅲ类)。其中Ⅰ类断层大多沟通油源,是油气纵向运移的主要通道,由于其多期活动,形成了南堡凹陷多套含油层系纵向上相互叠置的局面。断层活动的时期和强度控制油气纵向上的分配,而且油气在平面上主要分布在油源断层附近的断块圈闭中。断层封闭性在时间上具有明显的差异性,在油气运聚过程中扮演输导和封堵双重角色。反向遮挡断层圈闭无论在油气藏数量还是在烃柱高度方面均明显好于顺向断层遮挡圈闭,是南堡凹陷油气勘探的有利目标。断层遮挡圈闭的储量规模受断层封闭性影响,准确评价遮挡断层的封闭能力对于提高钻探成功率具有重要意义。     

印度尼西亚萨拉瓦提盆地第三系Kais组碳酸盐岩生物礁圈闭特征

萨拉瓦提盆地位于东印度尼西亚巴布亚岛的鸟头部分,萨拉瓦提盆地中新世发育的Kais组碳酸盐岩是东南亚第三系碳酸盐岩的主要勘探对象之一。Kais组生物礁是盆地的主要储层和产层。在前人对Kais组碳酸盐岩的基本石油地质特征,特别是沉积特征的研究基础上,结合近年勘探的新资料,进一步探讨萨拉瓦提盆地中新世泻湖相沉积特点,对Kais组生物礁类型、圈闭类型及其储集性进行了较为系统的研究,认为萨拉瓦提盆地Kais组碳酸盐岩具有4种生物礁类型、3种圈闭类型。Kais组碳酸盐岩总体上为二元结构,在Kais组碳酸盐岩下部的滩礁层分布稳定,可作为区域油气运载层。正确认识和把握该盆地生物礁圈闭的特征对指导下一步油气勘探有重要意义。     

松辽盆地南部黑帝庙地区油气成藏模式

应用生物标记化合物m/z191萜烷、藿烷系列和m/z217甾烷系列进行了油源对比,证实下白垩统姚家组葡萄花油层油气来源于上覆地层嫩江组一段,嫩一段烃源岩生成的油气通过断裂运移到该油层。属于上生下储的组合型式,断裂是油气藏形成的主控因素,形成构造-岩性油气藏类型是其主要的成藏模式,该层是黑帝庙地区今后勘探的主要目的层。精细研究姚家组的断裂、低幅度构造与砂体间的配置关系,是今后突破该油层油气勘探的关键。     

断陷湖盆隐蔽油藏预测及勘探的关键技术--高精度地震探测基础上的层序地层学研究

近十余年世界的我国隐蔽油藏勘探取得了巨大进展,其关键技术是高精度的三维地震及在此基础上的层序地层学研究,二者的结合已被油气产业部门当作勘探中的“权威性技术”。断陷湖盆在我国东部含油气资源的重要性居首位,控制层序形成演化的诸因素中,构造,古气候和在区域古地理格局中的位置对湖盆的类型和演化起着决定作用,需要按照断陷湖盆的沉积构造演化特征建立有预测功能的层序构成模式,在成熟的勘探区,重新建立等时层序地层格架,进行体系域精度的工业制图,阐明沉积体系的分布规律,使用高精度地球物理技术对圈闭定位,并对构造坡折带和低位域扇体给予重点注意,用这种技术方法指导隐蔽油气藏的勘探,已经并必将有许多重要发现。     

Identifying the accidental-natural mortality of leporids in the archaeological record: insights from a taphonomical analysis of a pitfall without evidence of human presence

Leporids (Lagomorpha, Mammalia), especially the mountain hare (Lepus timidus) and the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), have been among the most abundant small game in western Europe since the Pleistocene. These animals are preferred prey for more than 40 predators, which increases the chances of finding their skeletal remains at archaeological or natural sites, and in particular karstic formations alternately occupied by Palaeolithic human societies and other predators. Moreover, specific eco-ethological characteristics for both species also offer the possibility to produce a substantial quantity of their bones accumulated by natural mortality without predation, making it more difficult to identify their origin in the fossil record. Despite this fact, the taphonomic signature of accidental-natural accumulations of leporids in karsts, such as pitfalls, has never been properly characterised. In order to address these issues, we carried out a detailed taphonomic study of leporid remains in a pitfall without any evidence of human activity, namely at Coulet des Roches (Monieux, Vaucluse, south-eastern France). At this site, leporids are the most abundant species throughout the Last Glacial Maximum sedimentary sequence. The bone accumulation was analysed in order to determine the most relevant criteria to identify a natural accumulation that results from the accidental fall of individuals in the pitfall. The relative proportions of each species are consistent with their current ethology, and their mortality profiles are compatible with the structure of a living natural population. The completeness rate of the different skeletal portions for both species is relatively high, bones are less fragmented and, unlike what might be expected, very few anatomical connections were preserved. The observed anatomical representation, breakage, and bone surface modification patterns are discussed and compared with available data concerning accumulations with predation. Taken together, the identified criteria contribute valuable help in the recognition of accidental mortality in the fossil record, as well as to evaluate the proportion of leporid bones accumulated naturally and those accumulated by predation, human or not, in a deposit.     

苏北盆地高邮凹陷隐蔽性断层构造特征分析与预测

晚白垩世晚期—新生代发育的高邮凹陷,是苏北盆地南部典型富含油气的半地堑式断陷盆地,自南向北分为南断阶、深凹带与北斜坡。该凹陷复杂断裂构造系统与相应的沉积格局受印支期NEE向逆冲基底断层系与晚侏罗世伊泽纳崎板块高速斜向俯冲形成的NNE向左行平移基底断层系影响,同时受古近纪期间区域近SN向拉张应力状态控制。北斜坡东部花瓦构造带主体EW向正断层与NNE向隐蔽性断层发育了限制型、连接型、复合型3类隐蔽性断块圈闭模式,同时在平面上形成多种组合样式。通过研究花瓦区隐蔽性断块圈闭实例与有限差分法数值模拟,分析总结出高邮凹陷NNE向隐蔽性断层的成因机制与构造特征,并推断了5条隐蔽性断层发育带。     

测井约束反演在隐蔽油气藏储层预测中的应用——以大港油田K46井区为例

在隐蔽油气藏勘探中,储层预测既是关键点又是难点。测井约束反演是隐蔽油气藏储层预测的一种行之有效的方法,通过对测井资料的校正、地震子波的提取、井震标定以及在沉积概念指导下的地质模型的精确建立,从而得到合理的初始阻抗模型,根据已知的地质规律并以钻井、测井资料为约束,预测储层的分布。在大港油田K46井区应用稀疏脉冲反演方法,成功地进行了隐蔽油气藏储层的预测,取得了明显的应用效果。      

输导层和岩性圈闭中石油运移和聚集模拟实验研究

利用二维模型进行了输导层和岩性圈闭中石油运移与聚集模拟实验研究。结果表明：（１）地怪中的高渗透带是石油运移的主要通道,对油的运移和聚集构成重要的影响;（２）当上覆地层渗透性较大时,下部地层中的油可向上覆地层运移,并在运移过程中发生弥散和扩散作用,导致油的散失量增大;（３）油驱水过程中的排水过程滞后于注油过程,排出的水量并不随注油量加而线性增加,而是脉冲式变化。     

云南昆明盆地浅层天然气开发远景

昆明盆地天然气显示遍及各层,但浅层天然气主要赋存于第四系。气源主要来知第四系深灰、灰黑及黑色泥质岩和褐煤层,源岩有机质丰宽高,气源层处于还原－强还原环境。具良好的厌氧生化成气条件,经分析研究,计为该区天然气属甲烷型生物成因气。圈闭类型以岩性圈闭为主,处于凹陷与隆起之间的斜坡是天然气运移和聚集的最有利地带。盆地生储盖条件良好,资源量丰富。