西藏中部格仁错断裂带错嘎错-那拉错段细结构及活动性

通过对格仁错断裂带的错嘎错-那拉错段进行野外调查,先根据该区的地貌及地形变化分析认为河/湖谷北侧断裂带由分布于山坡及坡/冲积物中的一系列正走滑断裂组成。并对错嘎错和那拉错北侧两个综合地质地貌剖面的详细考察结果,重点对断裂活动在地表沉积物中形成的不同方向的派生构造进行了剖析,分析其形成机制与主断裂带几何学和运动学之间的关系,进而判定主断裂的活动性质,根据断裂错动晚更新世以来的坡/冲积物的年龄和冲沟位错,并对断裂活动速率进行了半定量约束,所得断裂在该段活动速率<4mm/a,远远小于前人的估算,并具有相当的正断分量,认为该段这种活动特性是受南北向的申扎-定结地堑系伸展作用的影响结果。     

Social-ecological feedbacks lead to unsustainable lock-in in an inland fishery

This interdisciplinary paper presents an empirical analysis of techno-institutional lock-in in a regional fishery, in the Logone floodplain in the Far North Region of Cameroon. In the Logone floodplain, one fishing technique is spreading exponentially even though it is changing the social, hydrological and ecological dynamics of the system in ways that are largely considered problematic by local communities. We use a complex systems framework to analyze large hydrological and socio-economic datasets. Results show how social-ecological feedbacks foster the spread of the technique and contribute to the process of lock-in. The lock-in leads to a resistance to change despite awareness of the technique’s impact, a situation that may also be described as a social-ecological trap. We identify and explain four kinds of positive feedback loops relating to socio-economic, behavioral, demographic and hydrological processes, respectively. We also identify possible solutions that consider the complexity of the feedback loops across multiple dimensions of the floodplain system.     

裂缝储集层模糊综合评价方法

裂缝储集层模糊综合评价是以岩石裂缝发育规律及其油气成藏理论为依据，以计算机为实现手段，充分利用多种地震地质信息和钻井资料，对裂缝储集层含油气性进行石油地质综合评价．最终完成圈闭储集层分类、排队、优选和决策分析。并以此为依据，提出预探井部署设计意见和钻探圈闭的反馈评价。这里给出了在东濮凹陷的应用实例，取得了较好的评价效果。     

Modern pollen-rain characteristics of tall terra firme moist evergreen forest, southern Amazonia

The paucity of modern pollen-rain data from Amazonia constitutes a significant barrier to understanding the Late Quaternary vegetation history of this globally important tropical forest region. Here, we present the first modern pollen-rain data for tall terra firme moist evergreen Amazon forest, collected between 1999 and 2001 from artificial pollen traps within a 500 × 20 m permanent study plot (14°34′50″S, 60°49′48″W) in Noel Kempff Mercado National Park (NE Bolivia). Spearman's rank correlations were performed to assess the extent of spatial and inter-annual variability in the pollen rain, whilst statistically distinctive taxa were identified using Principal Components Analysis (PCA). Comparisons with the floristic and basal area data of the plot (stems ≥10 cm d.b.h.) enabled the degree to which taxa are over/under-represented in the pollen rain to be assessed (using R-rel values). Moraceae/Urticaceae dominates the pollen rain (64% median abundance) and is also an important constituent of the vegetation, accounting for 16% of stems ≥10 cm d.b.h. and ca. 11% of the total basal area. Other important pollen taxa are Arecaceae (cf. Euterpe), Melastomataceae/Combretaceae, Cecropia, Didymopanax, Celtis, and Alchornea. However, 75% of stems and 67% of the total basal area of the plot ≥10 cm d.b.h. belong to species which are unidentified in the pollen rain, the most important of which are Phenakospermum guianensis (a banana-like herb) and the key canopy-emergent trees, Erisma uncinatum and Qualea paraensis.     

南极普里兹湾北部深海沉降颗粒物通量的季节性变化

利用1998～2000年中国南极科学考察期间(第15和16航次)在南极普里兹湾北部海域所获得的沉积物捕获器样品的资料,对南极普里兹湾北部海域颗粒物的有机地球化学特征进行了调查,并重点开展了该海域颗粒物通量及其季节性变化特征的研究。研究结果表明,在1000m深度,颗粒物通量呈现明显的季节性变化,最高通量出现在南极夏季的1月份,最低通量出现在4～7月份;通量的变化范围为13.00～334.59mgd-1m-2。捕获器中颗粒物的主要成分为生源物质(生物硅、有机质和碳酸钙),占总通量的50.62%～92.06%,而生源组分中又以生物硅为主要成分,其值介于9.30～136.33mgd-1m-2之间,占总通量的40.74%～74.21%。有机质和碳酸钙的通量远小于生物硅,分别平均占总通量的9.06%±4.26%和4.42%±2.14%。颗粒物中各组分通量的变化趋势与总通量明显相似,均呈现明显的季节性变化,这主要归因于研究海域海冰的形成与消退。在垂向变化上,1月份1000m深度颗粒物通量高于2000m深度,这表明该海域颗粒物的转化主要发生在上层水体。     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱／质谱法测定土壤中挥发性有机化合物

建立了吹扫捕集-气相色谱/质谱技术测定土壤中挥发性有机化合物的方法,对标准模拟样品的基体选择、吹扫捕集条件、色谱条件等实验条件进行了考察。结果表明,方法检出限为0.20~0.60μg/kg,精密度(RSD,n=7)为2.78%~9.89%,基体加标平均回收率为81.5%~115.2%。方法准确可靠,用于批量样品的实际分析,检测结果良好。     

小型箕状断陷盆地构造-沉积模式与油气成藏——以苏北管镇次凹为例

管镇次凹位于苏北盆地洪泽凹陷中部,是一个典型的箕状断陷,由南向北可划分为4个构造带:陡岸带、深凹带、断裂构造带和缓坡带.识别出5种沉积体系,即曲流河三角洲沉积体系、滨浅湖沉积体系、半深湖-深湖沉积体系、冲积扇(扇三角洲)沉积体系、水下扇沉积体系;在缓坡带发育三角洲沉积体系,深凹带发育湖相沉积体系,陡坡带发育冲积扇(扇三角洲)-水下扇沉积体系.研究区主要目的层存在2种沉积体系组合:水下扇-半深湖(深湖)-曲流河三角洲沉积体系组合和冲积扇(扇三角洲)-滨浅湖-小型三角洲沉积体系组合;阜宁组沉积时期,第1种沉积体系组合模式下更有利于烃源岩的发育;戴南组沉积时期,第2种沉积体系组合模式下容易形成一定规模的低水位扇(扇三角洲).因此在这2种沉积体系组合的有机配置下,极有利于岩性油气藏的形成.     

墙角型陡坡带岩性圈闭油气成藏条件研究——以渤海湾盆地石南陡坡带中段BZ3区古近系东营组为例

BZ3区西部陡坡带位于渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷石南陡坡带中段,构造上处于石臼坨凸起与凸起倾没端相交的夹角地带,石南一号断裂和石南二号断裂在此处相交,形成由多个复杂断阶所组成的复式墙角型陡坡坡折带.通过高精度层序地层学研究认为,BZ3区东营组东二下亚段发育3个4～5级基准面旋回,每个基准面旋回的上升半旋回的下部和下降半旋回均控...     

从松辽盆地的构造反转看中国东部盆地构造圈闭的形成

通过对松辽盆地构造反转的分析，把该盆地构造反划分为３种类型：平面上分为４个反转向构造带，结合中国东部含油气盆地构造样式和演化机制，认为松辽盆地的构造反转不同局部现象，它代表了中国东部裂谷盆地演化的普遍模式，并与构造圈闭，油气藏的形成密切相关，中国东部盆地重要的构造反转４期；盆地内众多构造圈闭类型是多种地质应力联合作用和多期构造作用叠加的结果，而后期的挤压反转到了加剧和定型作用，中国东部燕山－喜山期     

宽频地震处理技术在南海某工区的应用

在海洋地震勘探中产生的鬼波会抑制低频分量,造成频域的陷波点,降低地震记录的分辨率,使地震记录的同相轴发生混叠甚至产生假的同相轴。笔者采用FK域水平电缆压制鬼波法,将地震数据进行FK变换,对维纳滤波求取反褶积算子投影到FK域,并对二者进行褶积,将结果 FK反变换回时间域。鬼波压制后的模型数据频带得到了有效拓宽,低频、高频信息均得到了加强。鬼波压制后的实际数据目的层频带从12~60 Hz拓宽到8~75 Hz,三亚组能量与合成记录匹配较原始数据更好。