不整合分析及其在陆相盆地构造研究中的意义

讨论了3个问题,即不整合分析及其在研究陆相盆地的形成和演化中的意义;不整合分析及其与构造运动和盆地改造的关系;与不整合有关的圈闭类型。通过上述的不整合分析,可以获得以下结论：正旋回地层的超覆(或上超)是在拉张或中性构造背景中产生的,而反旋回地层的退覆和削截一不整合则是在挤压构造环境中发育的;复合递进型同构造不整合与内陆前陆盆地边缘挤压隆起的加速和减速上升有关。根据不整合面下被削截岩层的构造变形和侵蚀厚度可以推断出由构造运动所造成的盆地改造程度和与不整合有关的地层圈闭类型。     

松辽盆地长岭凹陷隐蔽油气藏勘探研究

应用层序地层学理论, 通过确立各级层序划分标准, 建立了长岭凹陷层序格架, 共划分出8个超层序(二级层序)、35个三级层序.并确定T₁, T₂为最大水泛面(密集段), T₃, T₄, T₄1, T₄2, T_g为超层序界面.对5个时期的沉积体系进行研究, 指明了沉积体形成机制和时空展布特征, 并研究储集体分布特征和含油性.通过层序格架内油气分布规律研究, 发现长岭凹陷油层主要分布在低位体系域.根据试油结果统计油层在低位体系域达48.2 %, 在水进体系域为26.8%, 在高位体系域为25.0 %.从勘探实用角度出发, 以砂体成因为主线, 结合形态分析, 将工作中见到的岩性圈闭和复合圈闭分为4类: 河道砂体、前积朵叶砂体、断层-岩性、构造-岩性.总结出一套隐蔽油气藏勘探工作方法和流程.最后, 对松辽盆地长岭凹陷隐蔽油气藏分布进行了预测, 并提出勘探部署意见.      

从松辽盆地的构造反转看中国东部盆地构造圈闭的形成

通过对松辽盆地构造反转的分析，把该盆地构造反划分为３种类型：平面上分为４个反转向构造带，结合中国东部含油气盆地构造样式和演化机制，认为松辽盆地的构造反转不同局部现象，它代表了中国东部裂谷盆地演化的普遍模式，并与构造圈闭，油气藏的形成密切相关，中国东部盆地重要的构造反转４期；盆地内众多构造圈闭类型是多种地质应力联合作用和多期构造作用叠加的结果，而后期的挤压反转到了加剧和定型作用，中国东部燕山－喜山期     

Relationship between Composition of Settling Particles and Organic Carbon Flux in the Western North Pacific and the Japan Sea

Settling particles play an important role in transporting organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. It is known that major components of settling particles are biogenic silicates (opal), biogenic carbonate (CaCO₃), lithogenic clays and organic matter. Since each component aggregates and/or takes in organic carbon, all of these components have the ability to transport particulate organic carbon (POC) to the interior of the ocean. In this study, sediment trap experiments were carried out in four areas of the western North Pacific (including a marginal sea). Factors are proposed that correlate the composition of settling particles with POC flux. Annual mean organic carbon fluxes at 1 km depth in the western North Pacific Basin, Japan Sea, Hidaka Basin and northern Japan Trench were found to be 14.9, 18.1, 13.0 and 6.6 mg/m²/day, respectively. Organic carbon flux in the western North Pacific was greater than that in the Eastern North Pacific (7.4), the Equatorial Pacific (4.2), the Southern Ocean (5.8) and the Eastern North Atlantic (1.8). In the western North Pacific, it was calculated that 52% of POC was carried by opal particles. Opal is known to be a major component even in the Eastern North Pacific and the Southern Ocean, and the opal fluxes in these areas are similar to those in the western North Pacific. However, the organic carbon flux that was carried by opal particles (OC_opalflux) in the western North Pacific was greater than that in the Eastern North Pacific and the Southern Ocean. These results indicate that the ability of opal particles to transport POC to the deep ocean in the western North Pacific is greater than that in the other areas.     

东沙隆起台地生物礁、滩油藏成藏条件及勘探思路探讨

东沙隆起碳酸盐岩台地生物礁、滩油藏的勘探,是珠江口盆地(东部)重要的勘探领域之一。勘探实践证实,惠州凹陷烃源岩、断至凹陷深部的断裂、珠海组优质砂岩、明确的构造脊、良好的生物礁礁滩储层和上覆的厚层海相泥岩,共同构成了东沙隆起地区油气长距离运移成藏的特殊地质条件。随着近年来高精度3D地震资料的进一步覆盖和地质认识的逐步深入,综合利用各种地质、地球物理新方法和新技术,确定生物礁、滩油藏勘探的有利区带,建立碳酸盐岩台地及生物礁沉积、演化模式,确定有利的生物礁、滩圈闭,是该地区生物礁、滩油藏勘探的重要方向。     

旌式泥沙捕获器的研制和施测

介绍了旌式泥沙捕获器的研制，以及该仪器在破波带泥沙垂直分布、破波带泥沙搬运机制和海岸带泥沙输运速率和通量研究中的应用；详细描述了旌式泥沙捕获器在破波带泥沙观测中的安装和施测要点。     

El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Related Variations in Particulate Export Fluxes in the Western and Central Equatorial Pacific

Time-series data from sediment trap moorings intermittently deployed during 1991–1999 show that the fluxes of biogenic material (carbonate, opal and organic matter, including amino acids) and other related parameters are temporally and spatially distinct across the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP). These variations resulted from the El Niño and La Niña conditions, which alternately prevailed over the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the mooring deployments. The westernmost WPWP (a hemipelagic region) recorded relatively high average total mass and amino acid fluxes during the El Niño event. This was in sharp contrast to the eastern part of the WPWP (oligotrophic and weak upwelling regions) which recorded higher flux values during the La Niña event. Settling particulate organic matter was rich in labile components (amino acids) during La Niña throughout the study area. Relative molar ratios of aspartic acid to β-alanine together with relative molar content of non-protein amino acids β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid) suggested that organic matter degradation was more intense during La Niña relative to that during El Niño in the WPWP. This study clearly shows that during an El Niño event the well documented decrease in export flux in the easternmost equatorial Pacific is accompanied by a significant increase in export flux in the westernmost equatorial Pacific Ocean.     

Internal recycling of particle reactive organic chemicals in the Chesapeake Bay water column

Hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) may be used as tracers of particle dynamics in aquatic systems. Internal cycling of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in the mesohaline Chesapeake Bay to assess the role of resuspension in maintaining particle and contaminant inventories in the water column, and to compare settling and suspended particle characteristics. Direct measurements of sediment resuspension and settling conducted in conjunction with one of the sediment trap deployments indicate reasonable agreement between measurements of particle flux using the two different methods. Organic carbon and PCB concentrations in settling solids collected in near-surface sediment traps were remarkably lower than concentrations in suspended particles collected by filtration during the trap deployments, but higher PAH concentrations were found in the settling particles. The different behaviors of PAHs and PCBs in the settling particles are due to their different source types and association to different types of particles. Sediment trap collections in near bottom waters were dominated by resuspension. Resuspension fluxes of HOCs measured 2 m above the bay bottom were as high as 2.5 μg/m² day for total PCBs and 15 μg/m² day for fluoranthene, and were 25 and 10 times higher than their settling fluxes from surface waters, respectively. HOC concentrations in the near bottom traps varied much less between trap deployments than HOC concentrations in the surface traps, indicating that the chemical composition of the resuspended particles collected in the near bottom traps was more time-averaged by repeated resuspension than the surface particles.