从松辽盆地的构造反转看中国东部盆地构造圈闭的形成

通过对松辽盆地构造反转的分析，把该盆地构造反划分为３种类型：平面上分为４个反转向构造带，结合中国东部含油气盆地构造样式和演化机制，认为松辽盆地的构造反转不同局部现象，它代表了中国东部裂谷盆地演化的普遍模式，并与构造圈闭，油气藏的形成密切相关，中国东部盆地重要的构造反转４期；盆地内众多构造圈闭类型是多种地质应力联合作用和多期构造作用叠加的结果，而后期的挤压反转到了加剧和定型作用，中国东部燕山－喜山期     

Relationship between Composition of Settling Particles and Organic Carbon Flux in the Western North Pacific and the Japan Sea

Settling particles play an important role in transporting organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. It is known that major components of settling particles are biogenic silicates (opal), biogenic carbonate (CaCO₃), lithogenic clays and organic matter. Since each component aggregates and/or takes in organic carbon, all of these components have the ability to transport particulate organic carbon (POC) to the interior of the ocean. In this study, sediment trap experiments were carried out in four areas of the western North Pacific (including a marginal sea). Factors are proposed that correlate the composition of settling particles with POC flux. Annual mean organic carbon fluxes at 1 km depth in the western North Pacific Basin, Japan Sea, Hidaka Basin and northern Japan Trench were found to be 14.9, 18.1, 13.0 and 6.6 mg/m²/day, respectively. Organic carbon flux in the western North Pacific was greater than that in the Eastern North Pacific (7.4), the Equatorial Pacific (4.2), the Southern Ocean (5.8) and the Eastern North Atlantic (1.8). In the western North Pacific, it was calculated that 52% of POC was carried by opal particles. Opal is known to be a major component even in the Eastern North Pacific and the Southern Ocean, and the opal fluxes in these areas are similar to those in the western North Pacific. However, the organic carbon flux that was carried by opal particles (OC_opalflux) in the western North Pacific was greater than that in the Eastern North Pacific and the Southern Ocean. These results indicate that the ability of opal particles to transport POC to the deep ocean in the western North Pacific is greater than that in the other areas.     

东沙隆起台地生物礁、滩油藏成藏条件及勘探思路探讨

东沙隆起碳酸盐岩台地生物礁、滩油藏的勘探,是珠江口盆地(东部)重要的勘探领域之一。勘探实践证实,惠州凹陷烃源岩、断至凹陷深部的断裂、珠海组优质砂岩、明确的构造脊、良好的生物礁礁滩储层和上覆的厚层海相泥岩,共同构成了东沙隆起地区油气长距离运移成藏的特殊地质条件。随着近年来高精度3D地震资料的进一步覆盖和地质认识的逐步深入,综合利用各种地质、地球物理新方法和新技术,确定生物礁、滩油藏勘探的有利区带,建立碳酸盐岩台地及生物礁沉积、演化模式,确定有利的生物礁、滩圈闭,是该地区生物礁、滩油藏勘探的重要方向。     

旌式泥沙捕获器的研制和施测

介绍了旌式泥沙捕获器的研制，以及该仪器在破波带泥沙垂直分布、破波带泥沙搬运机制和海岸带泥沙输运速率和通量研究中的应用；详细描述了旌式泥沙捕获器在破波带泥沙观测中的安装和施测要点。     

Internal recycling of particle reactive organic chemicals in the Chesapeake Bay water column

Hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) may be used as tracers of particle dynamics in aquatic systems. Internal cycling of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in the mesohaline Chesapeake Bay to assess the role of resuspension in maintaining particle and contaminant inventories in the water column, and to compare settling and suspended particle characteristics. Direct measurements of sediment resuspension and settling conducted in conjunction with one of the sediment trap deployments indicate reasonable agreement between measurements of particle flux using the two different methods. Organic carbon and PCB concentrations in settling solids collected in near-surface sediment traps were remarkably lower than concentrations in suspended particles collected by filtration during the trap deployments, but higher PAH concentrations were found in the settling particles. The different behaviors of PAHs and PCBs in the settling particles are due to their different source types and association to different types of particles. Sediment trap collections in near bottom waters were dominated by resuspension. Resuspension fluxes of HOCs measured 2 m above the bay bottom were as high as 2.5 μg/m² day for total PCBs and 15 μg/m² day for fluoranthene, and were 25 and 10 times higher than their settling fluxes from surface waters, respectively. HOC concentrations in the near bottom traps varied much less between trap deployments than HOC concentrations in the surface traps, indicating that the chemical composition of the resuspended particles collected in the near bottom traps was more time-averaged by repeated resuspension than the surface particles.     

Depth of volcanic basalt degassing forecasted from CO2 fluid inclusions

Fluid inclusions have recorded the history of degassing in basalt. Some fluid inclusions in olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts of basalt were analyzed by micro-thermometry and Raman spectroscopy in this paper. The experimental results showed that many inclusions are present almost in a pure CO2 system. The densities of some CO2 inclusions were computed in terms of Raman spectroscopic characteristics of CO2 Fermi resonance at room temperature. Their densities change over a wide range, but mainly between 0.044 g/cm3 and 0.289 g/cm3. Their micro-thermometric measurements showed that the CO2 inclusions examined reached homogenization between 1145.5℃ and 1265℃ . The mean value of homogenization temperatures of CO2 inclusions in basalts is near 1210℃. The trap pressures (depths) of inclusions were computed with the equation of state and computer program. Distribution of the trap depths makes it know that the degassing of magma can happen over a wide pressure (depth) range, but mainly at the depth of 0.48 km to 3.85 km. This implicates that basalt magma experienced intensive degassing and the CO2 gas reservoir from the basalt magma also may be formed in this range of depths. The results of this study showed that the depth of basalt magma degassing can be forecasted from CO2 fluid inclusions, and it is meaningful for understanding the process of magma degassing and constraining the inorganogenic CO2 gas reservoir.     

南极普里兹湾北部深海沉降颗粒物通量的季节性变化

利用1998～2000年中国南极科学考察期间(第15和16航次)在南极普里兹湾北部海域所获得的沉积物捕获器样品的资料,对南极普里兹湾北部海域颗粒物的有机地球化学特征进行了调查,并重点开展了该海域颗粒物通量及其季节性变化特征的研究。研究结果表明,在1000m深度,颗粒物通量呈现明显的季节性变化,最高通量出现在南极夏季的1月份,最低通量出现在4～7月份;通量的变化范围为13.00～334.59mgd-1m-2。捕获器中颗粒物的主要成分为生源物质(生物硅、有机质和碳酸钙),占总通量的50.62%～92.06%,而生源组分中又以生物硅为主要成分,其值介于9.30～136.33mgd-1m-2之间,占总通量的40.74%～74.21%。有机质和碳酸钙的通量远小于生物硅,分别平均占总通量的9.06%±4.26%和4.42%±2.14%。颗粒物中各组分通量的变化趋势与总通量明显相似,均呈现明显的季节性变化,这主要归因于研究海域海冰的形成与消退。在垂向变化上,1月份1000m深度颗粒物通量高于2000m深度,这表明该海域颗粒物的转化主要发生在上层水体。     

江汉油田储层地震反演结果解释中的几个关键问题

以江汉盆地蚌湖地区隐蔽油气藏的预测为例，说明了在反演结果的解释过程中应该注意的问题：如何判别反演结果的正确性，如何将反演得到的波阻抗等数据体转换成储层厚度平面图和储层物理性质变化平面图，如何通过反演结果识别岩性圈闭，如何通过反演结果区别波阻抗相同的不同地质体；提出可以通过波阻抗剖面和地震剖面叠合等方法来检验反演结果的正确性；在过滤砂岩过程中，对过滤门槛值进行压实校正等一系列的处理可以得到合理的砂岩等厚度平面图；通过砂岩等厚度平面图与构造图的叠合来圈定隐蔽油气藏的范围，在解释过程中通过对几个主要问题的解决，取得了比较好的效果，并获得了高产油流。     

陆相盆地坡折带的隐蔽油气藏勘探战略

本文从陆相坡折带的定义和分类入手，阐述了构造坡折带、沉积坡折带和侵蚀坡折带的成因以及对层序，尤其对低水位体系域和隐蔽油气藏的控制和影响。指出陆相坡折带与海相坡折带的区别主要表现在：①坡度不同：陆相盆地受构造作用(包括断裂作用)和短源快速沉积的影响，坡度较陡，碎屑物差异沉积明显。②坡折带特点不同：海相坡折带一般单一稳定，而陆相坡折带具有多级坡折的特点。在此基础上，对渤海湾盆地东营凹陷进行了研究。应用钻、测井及地震等资料，建立了东营凹陷沙三段中部地层的层序地层格架，共分为4个层序，并且每个层序可分为低水位体系域、水进体系域和高水位体系域。建立了储油单元与层序单元(尤其低水位体系域)对应关系。阐述了陆相盆地斜坡带沉积体系域中储集砂体类型和油气成藏机制，从而指导隐蔽油气藏勘探。