The effect of typhoon induced rainfall on settling fluxes of particles and organic carbon in Yuanyang Lake, subtropical Taiwan

A sediment-trap monitoring program measured the fluxes of settling particles and organic carbon in Yuanyang Lake, northern Taiwan, from July 2004 to July 2006 and assessed their relations to the amounts of normal monthly and typhoon-event precipitation. The flux of settling particles varied from 0.7 mg cm^?2 month^?1 to 14.7 mg cm^?2 month^?1, and the monthly precipitation ranged from 56 mm to 1218 mm during the survey period. The contributions from typhoon-event precipitation to monthly rainfall amounts were generally larger than 70%. Higher inputs of both particulate and organic carbon into the lake were found during typhoon seasons. Of the annual settling particle loading of 14.9 tons year^?1 to the lake floor, 69% occurred during the typhoon months, and 62% of the annual organic carbon loading of 2.3 tons year^?1 happened during the typhoon months. These results show the importance of typhoon events on the fluxes of settling particles and organic carbon and their delivery to lakes.     

墙角型陡坡带岩性圈闭油气成藏条件研究——以渤海湾盆地石南陡坡带中段BZ3区古近系东营组为例

BZ3区西部陡坡带位于渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷石南陡坡带中段,构造上处于石臼坨凸起与凸起倾没端相交的夹角地带,石南一号断裂和石南二号断裂在此处相交,形成由多个复杂断阶所组成的复式墙角型陡坡坡折带.通过高精度层序地层学研究认为,BZ3区东营组东二下亚段发育3个4～5级基准面旋回,每个基准面旋回的上升半旋回的下部和下降半旋回均控...     

Influence of ENSO variability on sinking-particle fluxes in the northeastern equatorial Pacific

A time-series sediment trap was operated from July 2003 to July 2008 at a station located in the 10°N thermocline ridge of the northeastern equatorial Pacific (10°30′N, 131°20′W), with the aim of understanding variations in natural background sinking-particle flux and the influence on such fluxes of ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation). Each one of weak El Niño, moderate El Niño and moderate La Niña were observed during the monitoring period. During non-ENSO periods, total mass fluxes varied from 4.1 to 36.9 mg m⁻² d⁻¹, with a distinct seasonal variation, ranging from an average flux of 14.0 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ in the warm season (June-November) to 25.3 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ in the cold season (December-May). This seasonal fluctuation was characterized by a distinct difference in CaCO₃ flux between the two seasons. The enhanced particle fluxes during the cold season are attributed to the supply of nutrient-enriched subsurface water by wind-driven vertical mixing, supported by a simultaneous reduction in sea surface temperature and enhanced trade winds. The weak El Niño event occurred in the monitoring period had no recognizable effect on particle fluxes in the study area, but the moderate El Niño event was accompanied by a significant reduction in particle fluxes to 60% of the average background value in the warm season. In contrast, particle fluxes during the moderate La Niña increased to a maximum value of 129.9 mg m⁻² d⁻¹, almost three times the average background value. Organic carbon and biogenic silica fluxes were most sensitive to the El Niño and La Niña conditions. The observed variations of particle fluxes are synchronized with those of chlorophyll-a, suggesting primary productivity for the main cause of flux change. The present data indicate that marked seasonal variability in background fluxes commonly exceeds the variability associated with ENSO and post-ENSO signals, which should be taken into account when evaluating the influence of ENSO on sinking particle fluxes in the 10°N thermocline ridge area.     

南阳地区泌阳凹陷沉积相展布与油气勘探

利用地震、测井、岩心资料,根据沉积构造、岩性剖面结构、砂体厚度确定了泌阳凹陷毕店地区古近系核桃园组三段沉积相类型;借助新的地震反演方法追踪三维数据体中的薄储层,在解释追踪基础上,得到核三段等时单砂层(或小层)厚度变化图,并编制了沉积相分布图。结果表明这里以广泛发育的浊积扇、滑塌扇等浊流沉积为特色,呈现出"南北部浊积扇夹中部深湖相"的沉积格局;早期富浊积砂、晚期富深水泥的沉积演化反映了湖平面的上升过程。基于有利的沉积相带,预测并评价了隐蔽圈闭,为油气勘探提供了依据。     

雅克拉断凸东段侏罗系-白垩系地层超覆圈闭预测

雅克拉断凸东段位于库车坳陷前缘斜坡带,侏罗系—白垩系向南超覆于前中生界凸起基底之上,形成了一系列地层超覆圈闭.由于大部分侏罗系—白垩系上超尖灭体不同程度地与前中生界区域性不整合(T50)下伏的不同地层接触,地层超覆圈闭的有效性受控于下伏地层的致密程度.利用地震属性、钻井资料和三维地震剖面相结合的方法对T50区域不整合下伏地层的分布、岩性和封堵性进行了分析,按封堵性将它们分为3种类型:下寒武统玉尔吐斯组—震旦系泥岩、泥质白云岩为封堵性底板,元古宇变质岩、中上寒武统白云岩和石炭系砂泥岩为可能封堵性底板,具溶蚀特征的中上寒武统白云岩和元古宇变质岩为渗透性储层底板.通过二维正演地质模型分析佐证了这3类不同封堵性能地层的地震识别特征.综合分析认为Jse3旋回、Kse1旋回以及Jse1旋回在DG2井附近可形成可观的、有效的地层超覆圈闭.     

几项地震处理技术的保幅性分析

地震资料处理技术和流程多以构造成像为重点,而忽略了处理方法及参数变化对地震波振幅的改造,影响了处理结果的保幅性。基于模型数据和实际资料,对面波压制、几何扩散补偿、预测反褶积等几项关键处理技术的保幅性进行了分析,提出了提高保幅性的处理思路和流程。处理结果表明,采用合理的方法和流程,使面波压制、几何扩散补偿等处理环节的相对保幅性得到了明显提高。     

地震分频解释技术在河道砂预测中的应用

地震资料分频处理技术是一种比常规地震属性识别储层更有效的方法。该方法将一定时窗内地震反射波通过离散傅里叶变从时间域换转换到频率域,用转换后的振幅谱和相位谱识别薄储层的厚度变化和边界。通过该技术可以对地震资料中所有单频信号进行有针对性的分析,已经证明是一种具有较高可信度的技术。针对胜利油田老河口油田老168井区馆陶组河道砂油藏厚度薄、横向变化大的地质特征,本文运用分频处理技术对该井区馆陶组地层砂体分布进行预测,并对储层非均质性进行了分析,经钻井证实,预测结果与实际情况十分吻合。     

鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙地区二叠系下石盒子组盒1段砂岩成岩相与储集性能关系

塔巴庙地区下石盒子组盒1段发育了辫状河道相沉积,砂体厚度10~60 m,横向上连片,分布较稳定。勘探证实,盒1段砂岩非均质性较强、含气性呈局部分布、不连片,圈闭类型为岩性圈闭气藏。根据薄片、铸体薄片、X衍射、扫描电镜及压汞分析等资料对盒1段砂岩进行微观分析,了解其自生矿物类型、成岩作用及成岩序列、孔隙演化特征和孔隙发育的影响因素,进而分析胶结物组合类型及其对储集性能影响关系。认为以胶结物主要组合类型进行盒1段砂岩成岩相划分,结合录井油气显示、试气和测井等资料分析各成岩相储集性能、含气性和测井曲线上反映特征,找出有利的成岩相,以此在平面上预测盒1段砂岩天然气富集有利区,为勘探寻找天然气富集区提供依据。     

塔中地区早古生代单源三位油气成藏体系

以油气成藏体系先进理论为指导,对塔里木盆地塔中地区下古生界油气成藏条件进行了研究。发现塔中地区早古生代成藏体系的油气来源于塔中北坡的烃源岩,油气沿不整合面和志留系砂岩作侧向运移,再沿断裂向上运移,最后在适合油气聚集的场所成藏。结果表明,塔中早古生代成藏体系的烃源岩、输导体系和圈闭均为分离状,油气来源单一,为塔中早古生代单源三位成藏体系。     

矿物及宝石的发光机理和应用

从宝石 (矿物 )的化学组成都具有阴、阳离子的异价类质同象 ,引起晶格缺陷 ,产生施主—受主能级 ,缩短了禁带宽度 ,在外场作用下电子从陷井中向受主能级或价带跃迁释放光量子而发光的模型 ,最后介绍了矿物发光的应用。