The microscopic structure of the oxygen–aluminium hole center in natural and neutron irradiated blue topaz

The dominant O⁻ hole center in natural and neutron irradiated blue topaz with general formula Al₂SiO₄(F,OH)₂ has been investigated with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption. The analysis of the EPR spectra of the O⁻ center yielded superhyperfine interactions with two equivalent Al neighbors in four magnetically inequivalent positions. From the g-factors it is found that the O⁻ hole center is located in (8d) Wyckoff positions on fluoride sites that were substituted by hydroxyl molecules prior to the irradiation. The spin Hamiltonian parameters were successfully interpreted with the model of transferred hyperfine interaction by exchange polarization supporting the localization of O⁻ in (F,OH)⁻ sites. The O⁻ center has the same thermal stability as the absorption band centered at 620 nm, which is responsible for the blue color. The intensity of the absorption band correlates linearly with the O⁻ concentration. Its correlation with the blue color is discussed.     

油藏精细描述技术在歧南西斜坡 隐蔽油气藏勘探中的应用

针对研究区隐蔽油气藏的特殊性和复杂性,依据现代油藏精细描述的基本内容和方法,提出了勘探难点,给出了解决对策。首先,以高分辨率三维地震资料为基础,运用层序地层学方法精细划分地层,准确确定描述单元;其次,采用优势频带相干处理和倾角、方位角、断棱综合检测等微小断层识别技术,精确落实薄储层内微幅隐蔽构造;最后,结合钻井、测井、试油等资料,综合地质分析,通过楔型正演模拟、井约束地震反演、地震波形分类、分频解释、属性分析与优化、全三维解释、三维可视化和模式识别等技术的综合应用,对歧南西斜坡目的层段进行了储层精细预测和描述,明确了沙三段滩坝砂及沙一段特殊岩性体的空间展布规律,圈定出不同层序内有利岩性圈闭带的分布。综合油藏精细描述结果,在歧南西斜坡部署了一批预探井,均获高产工业油气流。由此形成的隐蔽油气藏精细描述技术系列,对今后类似的油气藏勘探具有一定的借鉴和参考意义。     

辽河油田东部凹陷中段走滑断层与油气的关系

走滑构造不仅加速含油气盆地油气的运移和富集,而且在促使油气圈闭的形成过程中也促使形成圈闭中的优良储集层.在具备生、储、盖地质条件时,花状构造样式的含油气性优于其他构造样式,不仅控制着油气藏的分布,而且走滑断层的应力释放区往往是油气富集区.扭应力作用使生油层中的分散油气被"强拧"驱赶、运移至花状构造背斜核部,在负花状构造的上升盘中形成高产油气流.辽河坳陷内的黄沙坨和欧利坨子地区便是郯庐断裂在辽河坳陷东部凹陷中段的应力释放区,对该区走滑断层的识别和解释,不仅对东部凹陷中段油气藏的形成、分布及富集有了新的认识,而且可为寻找同类油气藏提供依据.     

圈闭成藏动,静态综合评价法

提出了一种新的圈闭地质评价的方法，试图从控制油气成藏的主要因素及其相互关系出发，动、静态相结合，针对具体地质情况，建立不同层次结构的概念模型和数学模型，以对圈闭进行客观的地质评价。     

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界深盆气藏流体动力学特征及成藏过程分析

鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界气田是一个在向西低角度倾斜背景下形成的深盆气田。在深盆气田的形成过程中,部分天然气伴随离心流漏失。天然气往储层上翘一侧有侧漏是深盆气藏的重要特征之一。在鄂尔多斯盆地,由于储层十分致密,地下水的流动补给十分缓慢,随着天然气的不断漏失,逐渐形成低压。另外,天然气的运移速度十分缓慢也有利于深盆气藏的保存。     

深盆气藏地质特征与研究意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地为例

深盆气藏位于构造下倾部位或盆地中央，上部含水，是具有特殊成藏地质条件的非常规气藏，深盆气藏具以下特征；气在水在上的气水倒置，气藏流体压力低于静水压力，烃源岩与气藏紧密伴生，源岩生气量大供气充足，油气热演化程度高，储层具低孔隙度低渗透率，单井产量低但地质储量大等，本以我国鄂尔多斯盆地为例进一步阐明深盆气藏的特征，国外对深盆气藏研究极为重视，天然气的产量也占有很大比重，在我国研究程度较低，深盆气的深入研究对我国天然气的勘探开发有重要意义。     

米仓山东段——大巴山前缘圈闭构造样式分析

从区域构造分析和地震剖面解释入手,通过野外地质调查、地震资料解释、典型剖面构造分析,确定了米仓山东段-大巴山区域应力方向,探讨了区域构造演化特征,重点解析了构造样式特征。通过界牌1井和磨子坪一瓦房湾局部构造分析,认为：（1）圈闭主要为背斜圈闭,圈闭受构造控制,断层对圈闭的控制作用表现为完整的背斜圈闭向断鼻圈闭转化,分化构造高点,构造裂缝发育;（2）界牌1井为低幅背斜圈闭（断鼻圈闭）,其断层可能不具有封堵性,因此未能形成工业性油气流;（3）磨子坪-瓦房湾区块发育一系列构造规模中等、背斜圈闭完整、闭合度高、面积大的圈闭。     

自动连续称重式集沙仪设计及野外应用

集沙仪是定量监测风沙活动的重要工具。设计了一种自动连续称重式集沙仪,可以根据试验需要采集不同高度沙样,每分钟收集一次质量数据,实现高频连续集沙。试验结果显示,自动连续称重式集沙仪在15、30、60 cm高度的集沙量满足随高度增加呈指数减少的规律;在15 cm高度,风速与输沙通量呈指数函数关系(y=6E-05·e0.8417x,R2=0.6042),随集沙高度升高输沙通量与风速相关性减弱。自动连续称重式集沙仪与新型平口式集沙仪所测的输沙通量具有很好的一致性(y=0.8119x+0.2645,R2=0.7481)。自动连续称重式集沙仪虽然在稳固性方面需要改良,但能够很好地捕捉高度在15 cm以下沙物质的输移信息,野外应用效果良好,是一种适合野外高精度风沙活动自动监测的新型测量工具。     

新疆塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系古潜山型油气藏成藏条件

塔中古隆起的早海西期风化壳岩溶发育,是塔里木盆地寻找古生代海相碳酸盐岩岩溶型油气田的重要隆起区之一。本文研究了风化壳型岩溶的发育特征和控制因素,在烃源、生储盖和成藏条件分析基础上预测了奥陶系风化壳岩溶发育的有利区带,认为奥陶系岩溶储层与其上覆的石炭系泥岩可构成良好的储盖组合,油源断裂、不整合面、输导层与汇烃脊构成了复杂油气输导网络。本区潜山型油气藏成藏过程复杂、期次多,但喜山期构造调整是最终成藏的关键,中央断隆带和塔中隆起南斜坡是两个有利的勘探区带。     

Origin and post-glacial evolution of surface cracks: A case study from the area of the Last Glaciation,north-eastern Poland

The analysis of LiDAR-based digital elevation models revealed the existence of groups of longitudinal fractures in the ground in northern Poland at the limit of the ice sheet's extent during its last maximum. Our research on the closed elongated depressions (CEDs) of the Jedwabno test field (Szuć site, north-east Poland) focuses on explaining their origins and their post-glacial history. This region was covered by an ice sheet and glacitectonically active during the Vistulian, and at least some surface fractures are possible witnesses to this activity. Using geomorphological mapping, sedimentological and geophysical research, we assumed it was related that the origin of these features here is associated with groundwater migration at the end of the Vistulian glaciation or later when groundwater flow intensified due to a rapid climate warming that caused permafrost to melt. The thawing of permafrost caused to transition from continuous permafrost to discontinuous, which in turn created groundwater flow that was probably responsible for the development of the surface cracks (fractures). Radiocarbon, palaeobiological (pollen, Cladocera) and geochemical studies allowed for an estimation of the formation time of these unique surface cracks in the Older Dryas. Prevailing conditions were also reconstructed for the later dynamic changes of the end of the Late Vistulian glaciation and in the Late Holocene until the Subatlantic Period (Megalayan stage). The surface cracks with steep slopes, despite their small area, are extraordinary sedimentation traps that have, in a special way, retained an almost complete record of the environmental and climate changes of the Late Glacial. There are sedimentological gaps in the Holocene, especially after the Preboreal (old part of the Greenlandian Stage), caused by changes in water levels, aeolian processes and human activity.