福建地区流体对2007年4次4级地震映震特征分析

通过对2007年福建地区4次4级地震的震例分析, 认为福建地区流体对内陆中等地震具有如下映震特征: ① 地震前兆表现为不同测项在时间上呈有规律的层次发展且均以短临、 临震和短期异常为主; ② 模拟观测井孔的映震效能好于数字化观测井孔, 其中水氡、 水质是福建地区的特征灵敏组分; ③ 温泉井孔的映震效能好于普通井孔; ④ 异常台项数取决于震级和震中周围的观测点数目。 同时指出今后要根据区域特征, 有重点地加大映震灵敏井孔和灵敏组分的观测、 科学布网、 合理建点, 使各种前兆观测成场成网; 建立一批符合地震监测预报要求的高质量水观测点, 更有效地为地震分析预报服务。     

Fluid flow and mineralization of Youjiang Basin in the Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi area, China

Comprehensive studies, based on isotope geochemistry of C, H, O, S and Sr, chronology, common element and trace element geochemistry of fluid inclusions for the epithermal Au, As, Sb and Hg deposits in the Youjiang Basin and its peripheral areas, suggested that the ore fluid was the basin fluid with abundant metallic elements and the large-scale fluid flow of the same source in the late Yenshan stage was responsible for huge epithermal mineralization and silicification. The ore fluid flowed from the basin to the platform between the basin and the platform and migrated from the inter-platform basin to the isolated platform in the Youjiang Basin. The synsedimentary faults and paleokast surface acted respectively as main conduits for vertical and lateral fluid flow.     

Petrography and uplift history of the Quaternary Takidani Granodiorite: could it have hosted a supercritical (HDR) geothermal reservoir?

The Quaternary Takidani Granodiorite (Japan Alps) is analogous to the type of deep-seated (3–5 km deep) intrusive-hosted fracture network system that might support (supercritical) hot dry/wet rock (HDR/HWR) energy extraction. The I-type Takidani Granodiorite comprises: porphyritic granodiorite, porphyritic granite, biotite-hornblende granodiorite, hornblende-biotite granodiorite, biotite-hornblende granite and biotite granite facies; the intrusion has a reverse chemical zonation, characterized by >70 wt% SiO₂ at its inferred margin and <67 wt% SiO₂ at the core. Fluid inclusion evidence indicates that fractured Takidani Granodiorite at one time hosted a liquid-dominated, convective hydrothermal system, with <380°C, low-salinity reservoir fluids at hydrostatic (mesothermal) pressure conditions. ‘Healed’ microfractures also trapped >600°C, hypersaline (35 wt% NaCl_eq) fluids of magmatic origin, with inferred minimum pressures of formation being 600–750 bar, which corresponds to fluid entrapment at 2.4–3.0 km depth. Al-in-hornblende geobarometry indicates that hornblende crystallization occurred at about 1.45 Ma (7.7–9.4 km depth) in the (marginal) eastern Takidani Granodiorite, but later (at 1.25 Ma) and shallower (6.5–7.0 km) near the core of the intrusion. The average rate of uplift across the Takidani Granodiorite from the time of hornblende crystallization has been 5.1–5.9 mm/yr (although uplift was about 7.5 mm/yr prior to 1.2 Ma), which is faster than average uplift rates in the Japan Alps (3 mm/yr during the last 2 million years). A temperature–depth–time window, when the Takidani Granodiorite had potential to host an HDR system, would have been when the internal temperature of the intrusive was cooling from 500°C to 400°C. Taking into account the initial (7.5 mm/yr) rate of uplift and effects of erosion, an optimal temperature–time–depth window is proposed: for 500°C at 1.54–1.57 Ma and 5.2±0.9 km (drilling) depth; and 400°C at 1.36–1.38 Ma and 3.3±0.8 km (drilling) depth, which is within the capabilities of modern drilling technologies, and similar to measured temperature–depth profiles in other active hydrothermal systems (e.g. at Kakkonda, Japan).     

面波频散谱多模式高分辨率成像的多道信号比较法

高分辨率的面波频散谱成像是浅层地震勘探领域基于频散性质反演横波速度结构中的一个关键步骤.在天然地震探测领域,仅利用两个台站记录的线性信号比较法(LSC),被广泛用来计算面波的频散谱,并用于大尺度的面波层析成像.然而互相关的成像方式会造成频散谱在低频端较低的分辨率.非线性信号比较法(NLSC)利用指数函数克服了这个问题,...     

青海地区流体地球化学背景特征

青海省地处青藏构造块体东北部,境内各种次级活动断裂遍布,形成了地震活动强烈的构造背景,成为开展地震科研的天然实验场.该省地震地下流体测点主要分布在东北部地区,地震多,监测台站少,且省内流体地球化学研究程度低,有必要加强流体地球化学监测与研究工作.鉴于此,应用流体地球化学方法,开展深浅部流体特征的观测研究,通过分析流体组...     

摩擦与粘性流体耗能器串联体系动力分析

采用粘性屈服模型来模拟摩擦耗能器的力－速度关系，建立了摩擦与粘性流体耗能器串联耗能体系的动力分析方法．为考虑框架杆件和支撑材料的几何非线性，采用增量型Ｒｏｓｅｎｂｒｏｃｋ二级三阶半隐式Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ法求解动力方程．比较了仅有摩擦耗能器体系与串联组合耗能体系的减振效果，分析了粘性流体耗能器参数对组合耗能体系减振效果的影响。     

MRFD半主动控制系统的时滞与补偿

时滞与补偿是基于磁流变流体阻尼器（Ｍａｇｎｅｔｏｒｈｅｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ　Ｆｌｕｉｄ　Ｄａｍｐｅｒ，简称ＭＲＦＤ）的半主动控制系统优化设计中的一个重要问题。本文对此进行了研究，并通过计算实例分析了时间滞后与补偿两种情况对控制系统性能的影响，结果表明，当时滞达到１．０ｓ时，ＭＲＦＤ半主动控制系统仍具有一定的控制效果，说明该半主动控制系统是可靠的，其性能要优于完全主动控制系统，并且对时滞补偿以后系统的控制效果得到明显的改善，说明本文所述的时滞补偿方法是有效的。     

Physical structure features of the crust at southeast region of Tibetan Plateau

Chemical reactions of plagioclase, biotite and their single minerals, as well as a mineral mixture of (plagioclase+biotite+quartz), with KCl and (KCl+KHCO₃) solutions were carried out at 150–400°C and 50–80 MPa. Experiments show that alkaline fluid promotes plagioclase’s changing into potash feldspar, while acid fluid helps plagioclase, potash feldspar and biotite alteration form chlorite and sericite. After chemical reaction the acidity-alkalinity of solutions often changes reversely. It was observed that gold dissolved from the tube wall and recrystallized on the surfaces of biotite and pyrite. Therefore the transportation and enrichment of gold are related to the elementary effect of the fluid-mineral interfaces. Fe³⁺-Fe²⁺, as an oxidition-reduction agent, and volatile components Cl^- and CO₂ play important roles in the reaction process     

地下流体宏观异常变化中气体作用初探

通过大量实例讨论了气体在地震地下流体宏观异常中的作用。地下水中气体成分及含量的变化, 可以引起一系列的物理、化学反应, 是产生流体宏观异常的一个重要原因。因气体参与的化学反应, 引起一部分元素的迁移或析出, 可导致地下水发浑变色。气体逸出可引起地下水流量、水位和温度的显著变化。震前地下水中气体的释放可以达到较大的数量与规模。     

新04号井、新10号井水位和新10号泉流量地震前兆特征的对比分析

通过分析认为乌鲁木齐地区的年降雨、年气温对新 0 4号井、新 1 0号井水位和新 1 0号泉流量没有明显干扰。新 0 4号井、新 1 0号井和新 1 0号泉的震兆特征是 0 4号井水位为负异常 ,1 0号井水位、1 0号泉流量为正异常 ,产生差异的原因可能与观测点所处的构造环境有关。预测了新疆及邻近地区未来一年或稍长一段时间内有发生 7级左右地震的可能。