全尾砂-废石混合回填膏体渗透特性试验研究

塌陷区混合回填膏体是由全尾砂、废石人工制备得到的复合宽粒级散体,其渗透性能直接影响到塌陷区回填体稳定性及次生灾害发生的可能性。采用自制的渗透性试验装置,研究了废石含量、废石粒径对混合回填体渗透系数的影响,并对回填体固有特征参数（粒径小于0.075、0.02 mm颗粒含量、不均匀系数 、平均粒径）与渗透系数之间关联性进行了研究。试验结果表明,回填膏体渗透系数随废石掺量及粒径增大而增加,细粒效应显著。回填体中粒径小于0.075、0.02 mm颗粒含量对其渗透性影响至关重要,与渗透系数呈负指数关系。渗透系数随 值增大而增大。当 20时,渗透系数增加趋于稳定。给出了混合回填体渗透系数定量方程,其结果与试验结果较为一致。     

高层建筑荷载引发地面沉降与隆起变形三维数值模拟

针对地下水埋深较浅地区,由高层建筑荷载引起的土体变形问题,以比奥固结理论为基础,结合土体非线性流变理论,将土体本构关系推广到黏弹塑性;同时考虑土体力学参数及水力参数的动态变化关系,建立了高层建筑荷载引发地面沉降与隆起变形的三维有限元数值模型,详细研究了高层建筑荷载影响下的土体变形特征及此过程中土体力学参数及水力学参数的变化特征。结果表明：由高层建筑荷载引起的地面沉降呈现漏斗状,以建筑物中心为漏斗中心,高层建筑荷载施加初期,高层建筑周围出现隆起,到达最大值后隆起逐渐消失;高层建筑底部浅层土体孔隙度、渗透系数及泊松比均呈现缓慢减小趋势,弹性模量呈现缓慢增大趋势;而高层建筑周围浅层土体的孔隙度、渗透系数及泊松比呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,弹性模量则呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势;高层建筑影响区域浅部土体参数的变化趋势与土体的回弹及压缩有关。     

盆山关系研究的基本思路、内容和方法

盆地和造山带作为大陆岩石圈表面发育的两个基本构造单元,在空间上相互依存,在物质上相互转换和在地表形态上相互调整、均衡,两者具有密切的耦合关系。不同时期原始盆山结构、山脉变形样式、盆地充填格架及主要构造带、构造地块展布是盆山关系研究的几何学问题;山盆之间的叠加、转换和迁移历史,山脉基底和盖层剥露过程、折返机制,隆升过程,盆地的沉降方式、沉积记录和物源类型,造山带剥蚀物质的去向,山脉剥蚀量,造山带的增生方式等是盆山关系研究的运动学问题;盆山系统反映出的造山过程、区域动力学背景、深部流变学机制和调整过程及盆山演化动力模拟是盆山关系研究的动力学问题和最终目标。盆山关系研究的内容可初步确定为,不同时期的盆山几何配置关系,盆地层序地层序列与多幕构造控制关系,盆地沉积物物源与山脉剥露过程关系,盆地沉降与山脉隆升关系,地表过程与构造作用关系,盆山系统演化动力学。     

Tectonic Evolution of the Middle Frontal Area of the Longmen Mountain Thrust Belt, Western Sichuan Basin, China

By analyzing the balanced cross sections and subsidence history of the Longmen Mountain thrust belt,China,we concluded that it had experienced five tectonic stages:(1)the formation stage (T3x) of the miniature of Longmen Mountain, early Indosinian movement, and Anxian tectonic movement created the Longmen Mountain;(2)the stable tectonic stage(J1)where weaker tectonic movement resulted in the Longmen Mountain thrust belt being slightly uplifted and slightly subsiding the foreland basin;(3)the intense tectonic stage(J2-3),namely the early Yanshan movement;(4) continuous tectonic movement(K-E),namely the late Yaushan movement and early Himalayan movement;and(5)the formation of Longrnen Mountain(N-Q),namely the late Himalayan movement. During those tectonic deformation stages, the Anxian movement and Himalayan movement played important roles in the Longmen Mountain'S formation.The Himalayan movement affected Longmen Mountain the most;the strata thrust intensively and were eroded severely.There are some klippes in the middle part of the Longmen Mountain thrust belt because a few nappes were pushed southeastward in later tectonic deformation.     

基于地面控制的江阴市浅层地下水资源评价

根据江阴市地下水系统的水文地质机理,采用真三维流,将其概化为三度空间上的非均质各向异性,在对模型进行识别验证和针对江阴市主含水层水位和地面沉降控制的基础上,以乡镇为单位,给出了各乡镇浅层的最大可开采量,为合理开采江阴市地下水资源提供科学依据。     

利用Grapher二次开发技术绘制地面沉降过程曲线图

地面沉降过程曲线图可以形象地表示观测点在多个观测期间高程的变化情况,并为地面沉降预测提供依据。研究了新版Grapher软件的Automation技术,并用VB编程语言在客户应用程序中快速实现了地面沉降过程曲线图的绘制和地面沉降预测功能,做到了客户开发软件界面和功能的完美统一。     

工程建筑沉降预测的非等间距灰色建模

介绍了传统灰色GM(1,1)模型建立的基本思路及其精度评定方法,着重探讨了非等间距数列的灰色预测建模问题,给出了详细的建模过程。并结合高层建筑沉降监测实例进行分析,取得了较好效果。     

Estimation of Land Subsidence Based on Groundwater Flow Model

This article presents an approach for estimating land subsidence due to withdrawal of groundwater. The proposed method calculates the groundwater seepage in 3-D-condition and calculates the land subsidence one-dimensionally. The governing equation on groundwater seepage is based on the three-dimensional mass conservation law and the principle of effective stress. The land subsidence calculation method is derived based on the following assumptions: (1) displacements occur only in the vertical direction, and (2) in vertical direction the total stresses do not change. The governing equation is solved by numerical method, i.e., finite element method (FEM) in spatial discretization and finite difference method (FDM) in time series discretization. In FEM Galerkin method is adopted and in FDM, lumped matrix method is employed. The proposed method is calibrated via analyzing 1-D consolidation problem and the results are compared with those from Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation theory and oedometer test. The proposed method is employed to analyze the consolidation of a soft layer due to withdrawal of groundwater from an aquifer under it. Moreover, this method is also applied to a field case of land subsidence due to groundwater pumping in a gas production field in Japan. The analytical results are compared with the field observed data. The results show that this approach simulates the field case well.     

全尾砂-废石混合回填膏体流动特性变化规律

质量浓度、废石掺量是影响尾砂-废石混合回填体流动特性的主要因素,研究这些因素对膏体流动性的影响规律,对于控制膏体流动性具有重要意义。采用改进的小型直剪装置进行混合回填体直剪试验,以黏聚力、内摩擦角、抗剪强度为依据,综合得出了混合回填膏体流动性变化规律。试验结果表明,膏体在受力变形前期呈较为明显的似弹性性质,随废石掺量增加,位移-剪应力曲线中阶梯状变化趋势增加;回填体黏聚力取决于质量浓度,内摩擦角受质量浓度和废石掺量影响程度基本相同,两者协同作用;质量浓度在80%～88%范围时,黏聚力随质量浓度增大呈非线性增大,内摩擦角与质量浓度呈S型变化趋势;抗剪强度随质量浓度的增大而增加,在82%～84%区间抗剪强度变化显著,流动性出现突变。     

采煤沉陷区输电铁塔复合防护板基础抗变形性能及其板厚取值研究

以某采煤沉陷区内的典型输电铁塔及其复合防护板基础工程为背景,考虑地基-基础-上部铁塔结构的共同作用,对不同板厚复合防护板基础的抗采动变形性能进行了研究,并引入＂保护作用＂的概念,对独立基础和复合防护板基础的抗变形性能进行了分析。研究表明,设置复合防护板后,与独立基础相比,可明显减少铁塔支座的水平位移及上部结构的应力,支座位移与结构应力随着复合大板厚度的增大而减小,其减小的幅度随着板厚的增大而趋缓,当板厚达到一定数值以后几乎不再减小。提出的复合防护板的厚度可取铁塔基础长向根开的1/45～1/35的建议,以供采煤沉陷区内复合防护板基础的设计参考。