声波远探测中偏心声源的辐射以及接收波场研究

通过最速下降积分法获得了充液井孔中偏心点声源激发的井外波场的远场渐近解;利用互易性获得井外存在反射体时井内偏心接收的波场渐近解,渐近解结果与有限差分的结果吻合;分析了声源频率、偏心距离以及方位角对波场辐射与接收的影响.计算发现：声源频率是影响井外波场的主导因素,声源频率较低时,偏心点声源激发的远场波场与偏心距离无关,可以将偏心点声源视为中心声源;声源频率较高时,偏心点声源激发的远场波场与中心声源之间存在不可忽略的差异,且频率越高、偏心距离越大,差异越大.计算还发现：采用偏心声源与偏心接收时,辐射波场与接收波场的幅度都具有方位角依赖性.最后我们给出利用反射波幅度变化来消除反射体方位角180°不确定性的算例.     

2019年8月22日黑龙江绥滨小地震序列特征

2019年8月22日在黑龙江绥滨发生9次小震活动，地震活动分布的时间与空间相对集中。利用调制地震、震源机制解及视应力等方法，分析此次小震序列活动特征，并结合黑龙江省以往震例，进行震后趋势分析，初步判定，黑龙江绥滨地区后续发生中强地震的可能性较小。     

清原南口前一带金矿床稳定同位素研究

南口前一带金矿床的稳定同位素研究表明,金矿成矿与太古宙花岗岩—绿岩带,南口前花岗岩体关系密切。依据金矿床硫、碳同位素组成判定金矿床属热液成因,热液体系处于 H_(?)S 占优势的化学环境。在成矿过程中成矿介质由弱酸性向酸性,再向碱性方向演化;氧逸度随着成矿介质温度降低,金属硫化物的沉淀而逐渐升高。氢、氧同位素组成显示了岩浆热液有天水混入。铅同位素组成表明金矿中的铅属古老正常铅,与花岗岩中长石铅为同源。据此,作者认为南口前一带金矿属再平衡岩浆热液矿床。     

非饱和土一维固结混合流体方法的解析分析

对采用混合可压缩流体方法分析非饱和土一维固结问题的固结方程进行了求解,在得到的解析解的基础上,对影响非饱和土一维固结的因素进行了分析。分析结果表明,在采用混合流体方法计算非饱和土一维固结的孔隙水压力时,所用公式与计算饱和土一维固结的太沙基理论公式基本相同,不同之处在于引入Bishop有效应力系数来体现孔隙气对孔隙水的影响。而在非饱和土孔隙气压的计算公式中除了体现孔隙水对孔隙气的影响参数以外,还有体现孔隙气体的可压缩性对固结影响的参数。在所有影响因素中,影响非饱和土一维固结最重要的因素是孔隙流体的渗流路径。     

Temporal and spacial analysis of regional composite nodal plane solutions for small earthquakes

A method is proposed in this paper for the analysis of temporal and spatial characteristics of composite nodal plane solutions for small earthquakes. With this method, the interested region is devided into small areas according to the geological features of the region. As an example, 107 composite nodal plane solutions are calculated for the adjoining region of Shaxi, Hebei and Neimenggu. The temporal and spatial characteristics of the variations of the solution parameters before and after the great Tangshan main earthquake in 1976 have been analysed and some interesting results are obtained. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismlogica Sinica,13, 9–20, 1991.     

内蒙古东胜铀矿区后生蚀变的稳定同位素特征及其地质意义

近十几年来,在鄂尔多斯盆地北部伊盟隆起东胜及其以西杭锦旗一带,相继发现了东胜等系列大型-特大型砂岩铀矿,目前已成为中国砂岩铀矿发现潜力最大的地区。矿床的主要特征是矿体受直罗组砂岩绿色蚀变带控制;同时,在容矿层及其附近伴生有砂岩白色化、后生碳酸盐化及方解石脉、黄铁矿化等蚀变现象。通过后生蚀变的C、H、O、S等稳定同位素方面研究、示踪和探讨了蚀变的形成过程和成因及其与铀矿化的关系。镜下特征显示,铀矿石中存在的大颗粒结核状黄铁矿与铀矿物共生,两者为同时期的产物;该类样品S同位素表现为较大的负值,表明硫质来源的微生物作用特征明显;与盆地内可能提供硫源的直罗组煤屑、延安组煤层、延长组和延安组原油、上古生界煤系地层等有机S同位素对比,发现铀矿与上古生界煤系烃源岩的有机硫源关系密切。延安组顶部大规模白色化砂岩的高岭石H、O同位素表明,其成因与低温热液作用有关;容矿层后生方解石C、O同位素表明,其形成主要是有机质作用提供了碳源,且其碳质来源主要为上古生界气源岩,而与奥陶系及延长组油气的碳源无关。后生作用流体包裹体的测温及其H、O同位素组成表明,成矿流体以低温的大气降水为主,且与上古生界天然气一起形成低温热液的气-水混合流体;正是这一特点的流体作用形成了本区与铀矿化关系密切的上述各类后生蚀变现象。各类后生蚀变的稳定同位素特征表明,东胜铀矿床形成过程中存在后生低温热液和油气还原改造作用两大特点。本次研究结果为东胜铀矿区的成因认识提供了证据。     

2011年1月安徽安庆M_S4.8地震震源区三维速度结构与发震构造讨论

2011年1月19日安徽安庆发生Ms4.8地震,本次地震发生在下扬子地块长江沿线前陆变形带.震后现场工作队调查汇总了建筑物破坏情况,计算得出较为精确的烈度分布.采用FOCMEC方法计算了主震震源机制解,并利用安徽地震台网对本次地震主余震的定位结果,结合地震层析成像技术对震源区地壳三维速度结构的成像结果进行分析,同时参考烈度分布的椭圆长轴优势方向,得出NE向的宿松-枞阳断裂可能是本次地震的发震断层的结论.     

One-dimensional self-weight consolidation with continuous drainage boundary conditions: Solution and application to clay-drain reclamation

Traditional consolidation theories cannot provide good predictions of consolidation settlement in land reclamation because of their assumptions that the influence of soil's self-weight is often neglected, and the drainage boundary is considered as fully pervious/impervious. In view of these limitations, an analytical solution is derived for one-dimensional self-weight consolidation problems with a continuous drainage boundary using the finite Fourier sine transform method. Following the classical Terzaghi's small strain theory, the soil's self-weight is considered to produce consolidation settlement in dredged materials with a constant coefficient of consolidation. The continuous drainage boundary can essentially describe the time-dependent variation of drainage capacity at the interface between two adjacent soil layers. By reducing the interface parameters, the effectiveness of the calculation is demonstrated against the Terzaghi's solution. The influence of interface parameters and soil's self-weight stress coefficient on self-weight consolidation is discussed. As expected, the rate of consolidation considering the self-weight stress is faster, although the dependency of consolidation rate on the material property of void ratio is neglected. Moreover, the plane of maximum excess pore-water pressure is estimated as a function of time factor, based on which a design chart is developed to optimize the layout of horizontal drains in land reclamation.     

Analytical solutions for Euler‐Bernoulli Beam on Pasternak foundation subjected to arbitrary dynamic loads

In this paper, the dynamic response of an infinite beam resting on a Pasternak foundation and subjected to arbitrary dynamic loads is developed in the form of analytical solution. The beam responses investigated are deflection, velocity, acceleration, bending moment, and shear force. The mechanical resistance of the Pasternak foundation is modeled using two parameters, that is, one accounts for soil resistance due to compressive strains in the soil and the other accounts for the resistance due to shear strains. Because the Winkler model only represents the compressive resistance of soil, comparatively, the Pasternak model is more realistic to consider shear interactions between the soil springs. The governing equation of the beam is simplified into an algebraic equation by employing integration transforms, so that the analytical solution for the dynamic response of the beam can be obtained conveniently in the frequency domain. Both inverse Laplace and inverse Fourier transforms combined with convolution theorem are applied to convert the solution into the time domain. The solutions for several special cases, such as harmonic line loads, moving line loads, and travelling loads are also discussed and numerical examples are conducted to investigate the influence of the shear modulus of foundation on the beam responses. The proposed solutions can be an effective tool for practitioners. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Feasibility Study on Determining Focal Mechanism Solutions of Small Earthquakes Using the Velocity Amplitude Ratio of P-and S-Waves

The focal mechanism parameters of small earthquakes are determined by the maximum velocity and displacement amplitude ratio of the direct P-and S-waves recorded by digital stations. The displacement is obtained from the velocity by emulation, and the two results are compared and analyzed. Results of the oretical analysis and practical measurement indicate that the two results of velocity and displacement are consistent, and it is feasible that the maximum displacement amplitude ratio be replaced by the maximum velocity amplitude ratio of the direct P-and S-waves recorded by regional seismic networks when determining focal mechanism solutions of small earthquakes.