全文获取类型
收费全文 | 355篇 |
免费 | 37篇 |
国内免费 | 49篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 8篇 |
大气科学 | 22篇 |
地球物理 | 109篇 |
地质学 | 185篇 |
海洋学 | 67篇 |
天文学 | 6篇 |
综合类 | 11篇 |
自然地理 | 33篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 5篇 |
2022年 | 9篇 |
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 9篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 21篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 21篇 |
2010年 | 19篇 |
2009年 | 19篇 |
2008年 | 27篇 |
2007年 | 31篇 |
2006年 | 13篇 |
2005年 | 26篇 |
2004年 | 13篇 |
2003年 | 27篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 11篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有441条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
针对中国的乌鲁木齐台(WMQ)和哈萨克斯坦的马坎奇台(MAK),采用贝叶斯克里金技术建立了新疆及附近地区地震事件的震相幅值比的校正曲面,并分析了校正曲面与地震波传播路径的关系,以及校正曲面对于改善震相幅值比判据识别效果的有效性.分析结果表明,建立的校正曲面基本合理,结合传播路径差异和地震波传播规律,能够较好地解释校正曲面的起伏特征. 而且,在传播路径差异较大,使得震相幅值比经震中距校正后离散度仍然较高的情况下,利用校正曲面修正震相幅值比,可以进一步降低其离散度,从而改善判据的识别效果.经校正曲面修正后,对天然地震的误识率由16.3%下降为5.2%. 相似文献
92.
Petrogenesis of Volcanic Rocks from Saipan and Rota, Mariana Islands, and Implications for the Evolution of Nascent Island Arcs 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Reagan Mark K.; Hanan Barry B.; Heizler Matthew T.; Hartman Brian S.; Hickey-Vargas Rosemary 《Journal of Petrology》2008,49(3):441-464
An 40Ar/39Ar age of 45·1 Ma determined for lavas fromnorthern Saipan confirms that these high-silica rhyolites eruptedduring the proto-arc stage of volcanism in theIzu–Bonin–Mariana system, which is characterizedelsewhere by eruption of boninitic lavas. Incompatible traceelement concentrations and Sr, Hf, Nd, and Pb isotope ratiosfor these rhyolites are transitional between those of c. 48Ma boninitic lavas and post-38 Ma first-arc andesitesand dacites from Saipan and Rota that have typical subduction-relatedcompositions. These transitional compositions are modeled bycrystal fractionation of parental tholeiitic basalt combinedwith assimilation of young boninitic crust. A second stage ofRayleigh fractionation in the upper crust is required by SiO2concentrations that exceed 77 wt % and near-zero compatibleelement concentrations. First-arc magma compositions are consistentwith fractionation of basalt and assimilation of crust similarin composition to the first-arc magmas themselves. The mantlesources of the proto-arc and first-arc lavas from Saipan andRota are similar to those of Philippine back-arc basin basaltsbased on Nd and Hf isotopic compositions. The Pb isotope compositionsof these lavas are between those of Pacific sea-floor basaltsand Jurassic and younger cherty and clay-rich sediments. Thiscontrasts with the boninitic proto-arc volcanic rocks from Guamand Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 458 and 459 that have Pbisotope compositions similar to Pacific basin basalts and volcaniclasticsediments. The preferred explanation for the difference in thenature of proto-arc volcanism between Saipan and other fore-arclocations is that the crust ceased extending 3–4 Myr earlierbeneath Saipan. This was caused by a change from mantle upwelling,fore-arc extension, and shallow melting to an environment dominatedby more normal mantle wedge convection, stable crust, and deepermelting. KEY WORDS: rhyolite; andesite; Mariana arc; isotope ratios; trace elements 相似文献
93.
VELOCITY FIELD AND RESISTANCE OF FLOW OVER ROUGH SURFACES WITH LARGE AND SMALL RELATIVE SUBMERGENCE 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andreas DITTRICH Institut fuer Wasserbau und Kulturtechnik Universitet Karlsruhe Kaiserstr. Karlsruhe Germany Katinka KOLL Institut fuer Wasserbau und Kulturtechnik Universitet Karlsruhe Kaiserstr. Karlsruhe Germany 《国际泥沙研究》1997,(3)
LINTRODUCTIONPreciseknowledgeofthevelocityfieldandthecorrespondingresistanceofflowoverrollghsurfacesareofgreatimportanceformanypracticalproblemssuchastheestimationofthestabilitVofbedmaterialinerosiveriversortheremovalofaccumulatedfinesedimentfromthechannelandthelooseningofgravelbedmaterialbycontrolledreleaseofreservoirwater.Thelatterprocedure,calledflushingflows,isfrequentlyspecifiedtorestoreortomaintainaquatichabitat(WILCOCKetal.,1996).Dependingonwaterdepthhandroughnessheightk.(=equiv… 相似文献
94.
A 911-m-long sediment core from Lake Biwa, Japan, provides a record of organic matter delivery and accumulation in this large lake during a succession of tectonic and climatic changes dating back to the latest Pliocene. Sediments deposited since 430 ky are profundal; older sediments vary in setting between shallow-water and fluviodeltaic conditions, with occasional deep-water intervals. C/N ratios identify algal production as the dominant source of organic matter throughout the core, although the proportion of land-derived contributions episodically increases in the fluviodeltaic and shallow-water sediments. Rates of organic matter delivery and burial in lake sediments change in response to glacial-interglacial climate changes over the past 430 ky. Sediments deposited during interglacial intervals have organic carbon mass accumulation rates up to 9 times greater than those from glacial intervals, reflecting interglacial climates that were wetter than glacial climates. Algal production of organic matter increased during interglacial times because of greater wash-in of soil nutrients, and organic matter preservation was enhanced because of faster sedimentation rates. 相似文献
95.
基于降水微物理特征测量仪的雨滴形状观测与分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用自主研制的降水微物理特征测量仪开展降水观测试验,得到了大量的雨滴图像。研究了异常雨滴图像的形成原因和处理方法,以此为基础重点研究了在极坐标下基于Akima插值的数字雨滴图像矢量化方法,得到了雨滴平均形状特征和轴比分布特征。结果表明,直径小于1 mm的雨滴以圆形为主,在1.0~3.0 mm的雨滴以椭圆形为主,大于3.0 mm的雨滴逐渐呈现顶部凸起,底部偏平的形状;雨滴的平均轴比分布与经验分布一致,相互之间差异在±0.04 mm范围以内;雨滴的平均轴比与经验模型的差值在粒径3.4~3.8 mm出现峰值,该范围内的雨滴较经验关系具有更圆的形状特性。 相似文献
96.
桶形基础平台海上沉放安装 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
桶形基础平台是世界上一种最新型的海洋平台,可广泛应用于海上油气田开发。为满足我国际油气田开发中卫星平台的结构和功能要求,桶形基础平台采用新的压载沉放方法安装,具有更高的效率和经济性。沉放过程中桶形基础平台受到水流和波浪的作用,结合模型试验对平台运动进行数值模拟分析,以了解在整个沉放过程中相应参数的变化趋势。根据桶形基础平台的特征,制定联台沉放方案,并通过压载实现平台的沉放控制。 相似文献
97.
Food web interactions and the response of Pacific salmon to physical processes in the North Pacific Ocean over interannual and interdecadal timescales are explored using naturally occurring stable isotope ratios of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N). Stable isotope analyses of five species of sexually mature North Pacific salmon from Alaska (Oncorhynchus spp.) cluster into three groups: chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) have the highest values, followed by coho (O. kisutch), with chum (O. keta), sockeye (O. nerka), and pink (O. gorbuscha) together having the lowest values. Although detailed isotopic data on salmon prey are lacking, there are limited data on relevant prey items from areas in which they are found in high abundance. These data suggest that the characteristics of the sockeye, pink and chum we have analyzed are compatible with their diets including open ocean squid and zooplankton, which are in general agreement with stomach content analyses. Isotope relationships between muscle and scale show consistent relationships for both δ13C (R2=0.98) and δ15N (R2=0.90). Thus, scales, which have been routinely archived for many systems, can be used for retrospective analyses. Archived sockeye salmon scales spanning 1966–1999 from Red Lake, Kodiak Island, Alaska were analyzed for their stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen. The δ15N record displays a decreasing trend of ˜3‰ from 1969–1982 and an increasing trend of ˜3‰ from 1982–1992, while the variations in δ13C are relatively minor. These trends may result from factors such as shifts in trophic level of feeding and/or feeding location, or may originate at the base of the food web via changes in processes such as nutrient cycling or primary productivity. Detailed studies on prey isotopic variability and its controls are needed to distinguish between these factors, and thus to improve the use of stable isotope analysis as a tool to learn more about present and past ecosystem change in the North Pacific and its relation to climatic change. 相似文献
98.
Determinations of spatial and temporal variations in organic matter and nutrient dynamics in water and sediments are crucial for understanding changes in aquatic bodies. In this study, we (i) determine the spatial dynamics of dissolved inorganic nutrients, during the transition from the dry to the rainy season, and (ii) provide future productivity predictions for the Rufiji Delta mangroves, Tanzania, based on the input of various nutrients. Water samples were collected from six locations, three times per year between April 2012 and January 2014, and analysed for dissolved nutrients, total organic and inorganic carbon, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids. The prediction of future net primary productivity in the Rufiji mangroves was undertaken using the software STELLA. The mean nutrient concentrations were of the order: nitrate > phosphate > ammonium > silica > dissolved organic carbon. The study revealed that high nutrient concentrations occurred in the northern part of the Rufiji Delta as a result of anthropogenic influence in the watershed. Modelling of nutrient inputs into the delta indicated enhanced primary productivity, which is expected to increase the vulnerability of water quality in the near future due to eutrophication. 相似文献
99.
多种水面类型蒸发的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析有水草水面、污水面、受热水面、盐水(盐水)面等特定水面类型的蒸发量,并与清水、淡水对照,求出蒸发比,还计算了太湖地区有水草水面和受热水面的蒸发模型,为确定湖泊的蒸发量提供一新途径,最后建议用水生植物的蒸腾规律来控制水面蒸发,调节水面温度。 相似文献
100.
W. Paul Bissett Robert Arnone Sharon DeBra Dwight A. Dieterle Daniel Dye Gary J. Kirkpatrick Oscar M. Schofield Gabriel A. Vargo 《Marine Chemistry》2005,95(3-4):199-233
Predicting the distribution of Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) in the water column requires predicting the physical, chemical, biological, and optical interactions in a common framework that facilitates feedback responses. This work focuses on the development of ecological and optical interaction equations embedded in a 2D hindcast model of the shallow water optical properties on the West Florida Shelf (WFS) during late summer/fall of 1998. This 2D simulation of the WFS includes one case with a Loop Current intrusion above the 40-m isobath and one with the Loop Current intrusion in addition to a periodic terrestrial nutrient supply below the 10-m isobath. The ecological and optical interaction equations are an expansion of a previously developed model for open ocean conditions (Bissett, W.P., Carder, K.L., Walsh, J.J., Dieterle, D.A., 1999a. Carbon cycling in the upper waters of the Sargasso Sea: II. Numerical simulation of apparent and inherent optical properties. Deep-Sea Research, Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 46 (2), 271–317; Bissett, W.P., Walsh, J.J., Dieterle, D.A., Carder, K.L., 1999b. Carbon cycling in the upperwaters of the Sargasso Sea: I. Numerical simulation of differential carbon and nitrogen fluxes. Deep-Sea Research, Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 46 (2), 205–269). The expansion includes an increase in the number of elemental pools to include silica, phosphorus, and iron, an increase in the number of phytoplankton functional groups, and a redevelopment of the Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) interaction equations. It was determined from this simulation that while the Loop Current alone was able to predict the water column conditions present during the summer, the Loop Current alone was not enough to simulate the magnitude of optical constituents present in the fall of 1998 when compared to satellite imagery. Simulating terrestrial inorganic and organic nutrients and CDOM pulses coinciding with significant meteorological events and high freshwater pulses released from the major rivers feeding the WFS were required to accurately predict the distribution and scale of the inherent optical properties at the surface during the fall months. Modeling the in situ light field for phytoplankton growth and community competition requires addressing the CDOM optical constituent explicitly. The majority of the annually modeled CDOM on WFS was created via in situ production; however, it was also rapidly removed via advection and photochemical destruction. A pulse of terrestrial nutrient and organic color was required to simulate the dramatic changes in surface color seen in satellite imagery on the WFS. The dynamics of the biogeochemical portion of the simulation demonstrate the importance of nonstoichiometric supplies of terrestrial nutrients on the WFS to the prediction of nutrient and CDOM fluxes. 相似文献