西藏1∶5万班戈县西南地区四幅区调成果与展望

西藏1∶5万班戈县西南地区四幅区域地质矿产调查为青藏专项地质调查项目。该项目取得的主要成果为:1发现了区内寒武系火山岩呈角度不整合覆盖于念青唐古拉群之上,其内部划分为3个岩性段;新建了上寒武统他多雄组。2对下奥陶统扎扛组进行了解体;新建了芙蓉统龙郊组。3通过详细的地质填图,在永珠蛇绿混杂岩带中新发现一套沉积混杂岩,认为该混杂岩区域延伸稳定;新建了晚侏罗世索尔岩组。4对蛇绿岩填图单元进行了解体,由超镁铁质岩、辉长岩、席状岩墙群、枕状玄武岩岩片、放射虫硅质岩组成,新建了晚侏罗世永珠蛇绿岩群。5确定了念青唐古拉群,新识别出的变质花岗岩形成时代为中新元古代,为研究古印度地盾北缘罗迪尼亚大陆形成期和裂解期的构造热事件提供了新资料。     

广西佛子冲铅锌矿田构造发育过程探讨

广西佛子冲铅锌矿田构造受博白—岑溪断裂带控制，早期形成的ＮＥ向构造以挤压为主，稍晚的ＮＮＥ向构造以水平剪切为主，兼具挤压特征。矿田成矿与地洼晚期的引张应力场有关。文章通过岩石组构、有限应变测量和节理的综合分析，厘定了多期、复杂的矿田构造发展史。     

Chromian omphacite from low-grade metamorphic rocks, Nishisonogi, Kyushu, Japan

Abstract Chromian omphacite which contains up to 4 wt % Cr₂O₃ has been identified from low-grade metamorphic rocks in Nishisonogi, Kyushu, Japan. It occurs as aggregates, forming a thin horizon ([20 mm thick) in alayered metagabbro within a serpentinite melange zone, together with Cr-free omphacite, actino-lite, epidote and sphene. It may have been formed by the metasomatic introduction of Cr into the metagabbro from the serpentinite rather than by reaction with chromite. The structural formula, based on EPMA analyses, and the optical absorption spectrum of the chromian omphacite show that the Cr is positioned in the octahedral site.     

What is Franciscan?: revisited

The Franciscan Complex of California is better understood now than in 1972, when Berkland et al. defined it as a complex and divided it into three geographic belts. A re-evaluation is needed. Belts first served as major architectural units, but they have been abandoned by some and renamed as and subdivided into tectonostratigraphic terranes by others. The Franciscan Complex – considered to be the archetypical accretionary complex by many – is the folded, faulted, and stratally disrupted rock mass comprising the supramantle basement of the California-Southern Oregon Coast Ranges exposed east of the Salinian Block and west of and structurally below principal exposures of the Coast Range Fault, Coast Range Ophiolite, Great Valley Group, and Klamath Mountains. The Complex is dominated by sandstones and mudrocks, but contains mafic oceanic crustal fragments with chert, limestone, and other rock types, and zeolite, prehnite-pumpellyite, blueschist, and rare amphibolite and eclogite facies metamorphic rocks. Review of historical precedence, new data, available large-scale maps, and fundamental definitions suggest now (1) that the Belt terminology as applied to the entire Franciscan Complex conflicts with current knowledge of Franciscan rocks and architecture; and (2) that most named Franciscan terranes and nappes are inconsistent with basic definitions of those unit types. The major architectural units into which the Franciscan Complex can be divided are accretionary units – mélanges and underthrust sheets. Underthrust sheets can be subdivided into smaller units, e.g. broken formations and olistostromal mélanges, mappable using traditional lithostratigraphic and structural mapping techniques. Unresolved controversies in reconstruction of the nature and history of the accretionary complex relate to specific mélange origins; megathrust versus subduction channel mélange models; chert conundrums; delineation of the ages, subdivisions, and regional architecture of Franciscan units; palinspastic reconstruction of the pre-Late Cenozoic architecture; and reconstruction of the complete histories of accretionary units.     

大陆造山带构造混杂岩的地质特征及研究方法

构造混杂岩是探索大陆造山带地壳演化的重要窗口。本文从物质组成、沉积相、生物组合、变形变质四个方面系统总结了构造混杂岩的基本地质特征，并从区调工作的角度提出了一个系统的工作方法。     

Geochronology,geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Maçka subvolcanic intrusions: implications for the Late Cretaceous magmatic and geodynamic evolution of the eastern part of the Sakarya Zone,northeastern Turkey

The Maçka subvolcanic intrusions (MSIs) in the eastern part of the Sakarya zone, northeastern Turkey, play a critical role in understanding the petrogenetic and geodynamic processes that took place during the growth of Late Cretaceous arc crust of this region. U–Pb zircon (79.97 ± 0.97 Ma) and two ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar amphibole ages (average 81.37 ± 0.5 Ma) indicate that the MSIs were emplaced in Late Cretaceous (Campanian) time into the coeval volcanic rocks. A slightly younger zircon fission track (FT) age (73 ± 9 Ma) points to a rapid exhumation and cooling after crystallization. The intrusions are observed in areas less than 1 km² in the field and contain abundant mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). The host rocks (HRs) are entirely composed of tonalite (SiO₂ = 63–65 wt.%, Mg# = 43–52), and the MMEs are gabbro-diorite in composition (SiO₂ = 53–57 wt.%, Mg# = 45–48). Both the HRs and the MMEs are I-type, high-K calc-alkaline in composition and display a metaluminous character. They are characterized by geochemical features typical for magmas of subduction-related environments. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns are moderately fractionated [(La/Yb)_N = 6–11] and display slightly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.7–0.9), with weak concave-upward REE patterns, suggesting that amphibole fractionation played a role during their evolution. The MMEs have slightly different I_Sr (0.7081–0.7085) and ε_Nd (?5.0 to ?5.4) values compared with those of their HRs (I_Sr = 0.7084–0.7087 and ε_Nd = ?5.7 to ?6.9), indicating that variable amounts of crustal and mantle components were involved in the generation of parental magma to these rocks. All of these data, combined with those of previous regional studies, suggest that the MSIs are hybrid in origin, produced by the mixing of enriched lithospheric mantle- and lower crust-derived melts in an extensional arc setting that was caused by slab rollback.     

青海省格尔木市小南川地区昆南构造混杂岩带的物质组成、LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb年龄及其地质意义

摘要：在格尔木以南小南川地区测制了一条近s—N向的剖面。通过详细的野外接触关系、露头地质体组成、变形一变质特征观察,结合室内显微结构研究,在小南川昆南构造混杂岩带识别出6种不同的构造岩片．自北往南依次为含斜长角闪岩透镜体绿片岩岩片、块状大理岩岩片、粉砂质板岩岩片、片理化火山碎屑岩岩片、板理化沉凝灰岩岩片和片岩岩片,岩片之间主要以不同性质的脆性或韧性断层接触。对构造混杂岩中的斜长角闪岩和片理化英安岩中的锆石进行了LA—ICP—MSU—Pb同位素测定．获得的年龄分别为1123Ma±1lOMa和499Ma±11Ma。对比分析认为,舍斜长角闪岩透镜体绿片岩岩片与块状大理岩岩片应属于中元古代万保沟群,形成于大陆裂谷环境;粉砂质板岩岩片、片理化火山碎屑岩岩片、板理化沉凝灰岩岩片分别为火山弧及与弧相关的弧前一弧后盆地建造;片岩岩片为增生楔内部的物质。昆南构造混杂岩带的物质组成和年代学研究为细化昆南增生杂岩带的增生一就位过程提供了物质基础和时代限定,进而为昆仑造山带乃至青藏高原北缘的构造过程研究提供了依据。     

勉县--略阳带大地构造属性之探讨

本文从剖析勉略带南北两侧泥盆纪-石炭纪沉积入手,指出南北两侧同属于华南古生物地理区,在沉积相、沉积建造和沉积充填序列方面基本相同,都是以浅海相碳酸盐岩-碎屑岩沉积建造和海进型充填序列为特征.其次,对所谓的"勉略蛇绿岩带"提出质疑;岩石组合和时代配置都不支持该蛇绿岩带作为分割性大洋盆地的残余,何况它有限的空间展布同样不支持上述观点.第三,将勉略带同典型的缝合带进行比较,认为勉略带缺乏典型缝合带内部及其两侧地质体的空间配置关系,诸如沟弧盆体系,俯冲杂岩及前陆盆地等.况且,根据相关的地球化学及地球物理资料,勉略带在泥盆纪-三叠纪期间不存在分割性大洋盆地,在印支运动中也没有形成缝合带.因此,提出勉略带在泥盆纪-石炭纪曾经是一个裂谷,印支运动以来历经多期构造作用形成一条构造混杂带,在陆内造山过程中可能发生过大规模的大陆地壳消减.     

大陆中洋壳俯冲增生杂岩带特征与识别的重大科学意义

大洋或弧后洋盆俯冲增生是大陆地壳增长的主导地质作用.重建大陆中消亡的洋地层岩石组合序列是当代大陆动力学和地学研究的重大前沿.洋壳消减杂岩带的厘定是洋板块地质构造重建乃至全球大地构造研究之纲,是理解区域大地构造形成演化及动力学的核心.俯冲增生杂岩带的基本特征:(1)俯冲增生杂岩带物质组成的共性是:以强烈构造变形洋底沉积的硅质岩-硅泥质岩-粉砂岩、凝灰岩;弧-沟浊积岩等为基质;以洋岛-海山灰岩-玄武岩及塌积砾岩,洋内弧残留岩块,超镁铁质蛇绿岩、绿片岩、蓝片岩等为岩块.(2)变形样式:同斜倒转冲断叠瓦构造、增生柱前缘重力滑动构造以及泥质岩的底辟构造;增生楔前缘变形和增生形式受控于大洋或弧后洋盆的规模和洋壳的俯冲速度,也取决于陆缘碎屑供给量及洋底沉积厚度和岩性.(3)宽度和厚度:厚常达几千米,宽达几十公里至数百公里,延长上千公里,是洋壳俯冲消亡过程洋盆地层系统及陆缘沉积物加积的结果.(4)形成机制:是大陆碰撞前大洋(或弧后洋盆)岩石圈俯冲消减的产物.结合带中的早期俯冲增生杂岩带往往卷入晚期的构造混杂作用.     

北阿尔金红柳沟-拉配泉构造混杂岩带东段的结构、构造

红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿混杂岩带是阿尔金北部早古生代重要的板块构造边界,带内物质组成复杂,构造形迹发育,区内岩浆活动频繁,是开展板块俯冲边界特征、构造演化过程及区域构造格架再造等方面研究的重要场所。北阿尔金安南坝一带1:5万地质调查工作对红柳沟-拉配泉构造混杂岩带进行了构造-岩性填图,全面揭示了红柳沟-拉配泉蛇绿混杂岩带空间展布、物质组成、结构-构造特征。结合典型构造剖面及构造变形研究,对阿尔金早古生代构造过程及区域构造演化进行了探讨,为全面认识构造混杂岩带的结构、构造提供了可借鉴的工作经验。