东北地区660km间断面附近波速结构研究

我国东北地区位于西北太平洋和达-贝尼奥夫俯冲带前缘,其深部速度结构对理解板块俯冲行为以及地幔物质的交换有重要意义.利用区域三重震相模拟方法,对中国地震观测台网记录到的两个深源地震P波和SH波波形数据,进行了相对到时和波形的拟合,获得了我国东北地区660 km间断面附近波速结构.结果表明,研究区域下方的间断面没有发生明显...     

预制空心板受火后力学性能的试验研究

为比较不同受火时间后预制空心板剩余承载力、跨中挠度和破坏形态的异同,进行了6块预制空心板受火后力学性能的对比试验研究,其中3块为未受火的对比试件,另3块为板底分别受火23、38、53min的试件。受火试验结果表明,各试件在升温过程中的跨中挠度随受火时间增加而显著增加,熄火自然冷却后,跨中挠度大部分可恢复。加载试验结果表明,对比试件和受火试件的最终破坏模式均为弯曲破坏;随着受火时间延长,试件开裂荷载和破坏荷载均有所降低,且破坏荷载与受火时间大致呈线性关系;受火试件初始弯曲刚度较对比试件明显降低,相同荷载作用下,受火试件受拉边缘拉应变和受压边缘压应变,均明显大于对比试件。     

Athens地区电离层TEC、NmF2以及板厚

本文使用Athens站2001—2005年间电离层GPS/TEC和f_oF₂数据,分析了TEC、N_mF₂和电离层板厚τ日变化、季节变化特征以及与太阳活动的统计关系,得到以下结论:电离层TEC和N_mF₂具有相似的日变化特征,最大值出现在14∶00LT;TEC在2001和2002年白天出现"冬季异常"现象,N_mF₂在2001—2005年白天均出现该现象;电离层板厚τ主要分布在200~600 km,存在黎明峰和日落峰双峰结构,黎明峰一般出现在5∶00—6∶00LT,日落峰结构一般从日落后开始出现,在午夜前达到极大值;14∶00LT和2∶00LT时刻TEC、N_mF₂同太阳活动的关系呈现"线性"、"饱和"以及"放大"趋势,而τ则出现正、负及不明显的线性关系;最后,我们分析认为黎明峰归因于电离层TEC增加以及N_mF₂的减少,而日落峰主要是由TEC减少速度低于N_mF₂造成的.     

Tomographic structure of East Asia:Ⅱ.Stagnant slab above 660 km discontinuity and its geodynamic implications

P-wave arrival times of both regional and teleseismic earthquakes were inverted to obtain mantle structures of East Asia.No fast(slab) velocity anomalies was not find beneath the 660-km discontinuity through tomography besides a stagnant slab within the transition zone.Slow P-wave velocity anomalies are present at depths of 100-250 km below the active volcanic arc and East Asia.The western end of the flat stagnant slab is about 1 500 km west to active trench and may also be correlated with prominent surface topographic break in eastern China.We suggested that active mantle convection might be operating within this horizontally expanded "mantle wedge" above both the active subducting slabs and the stagnant flat slabs beneath much of the North China plain.Both the widespread Cenozoic volcanism and associated extensional basins in East Asia could be the manifestation of this vigorous upper mantle convection.Cold or thermal anomalies associated with the stagnant slabs above the 660-km discontinuity have not only caused a broad depression of the boundary due to its negative Clapeyron slope but also effectively shielded the asthenosphere and continental lithosphere above from any possible influence of mantle plumes in the lower mantle.     

西藏昂仁县多仁则—桑阿卡地区铜多金属矿点含矿岩体成因及成矿意义

冈底斯成矿带内的岩浆岩是印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞造山的产物,更是研究碰撞造山与成矿作用的理想对象。多仁则—桑阿卡地区位于冈底斯火山-岩浆弧中段中南部,区内含矿岩体为灰白色中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究表明：岩体就位年龄为（49.0±0.7）Ma,其形成时代为始新世;岩石具有高硅（w（SiO₂）为67.13%）、高钾（w（K₂O）为3.72%）、富碱（w（K₂O+Na₂O）为7.48%）、贫MgO（w（MgO）为1.34%,小于3%）的特征,为高钾钙碱性系列的高分异I型花岗岩;Eu负异常（δEu为0.70）和Sr的亏损暗示岩浆发生斜长石的分离结晶作用;岩石的微量元素表现出Th、U、K、Nd、Zr、Hf富集和Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti、P亏损的特征;全岩Sr-Nd同位素（（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i为0.705 280~0.705 530、ε_Nd（t）为-2.2~-1.6）、微量元素及元素比值揭示岩浆源区是壳幔混源,是在印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲-碰撞后板片断离构造背景下,热的软流圈地幔物质通过板片断离窗上涌,并诱发下地壳部分熔融,形成该地区壳幔混源岩浆-热液成矿作用。综合研究认为,多仁则—桑阿卡地区斑岩型-热液型铜多金属成矿作用是早始新世岩浆活动大爆发滞后的成矿响应,是与冈底斯成矿带内的壳幔花岗岩有关的Cu-Au-Mo-Fe-Pb-Zn成矿系统（52~47 Ma）的重要组成部分。     

Compositional characteristics and geodynamic significance of late Miocene volcanic rocks associated with the Chah Zard epithermal gold–silver deposit,southwest Yazd,Iran

Whole‐rock geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic data are presented for late Miocene volcanic rocks associated with the Chah Zard epithermal Au–Ag deposit in the Urumieh‐Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA), Iran, to investigate the magma source, petrogenesis and the geodynamic evolution of the study area. The Chah Zard andesitic to rhyolitic volcanic rocks are characterized by significant Large Ion Lithophile Element (LILE) and Light Rare Earth Element (LREE) enrichment coupled with High Field Strength Element (HFSE) depletion. Our geochemical data indicate an adakitic‐like signature for the volcanic rocks (e.g. SiO₂ > 62 wt%, Al₂O₃ > 15 wt%, MgO < 1.5 wt%, Sr/Y > 70, La/Yb > 35, Yb < 1 ppm, and Y < 18 ppm, and no significant Eu anomalies), distinguishing them from the other volcanic rocks of the UDMA. The Chah Zard volcanic rocks have similar Sr and Nd isotopic compositions; the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(i) ratios range from 0.704 902 to 0.705 093 and the ε_Nd(i) values are from +2.33 to +2.70. However, the rhyolite porphyry represents the final stage of magmatism in the area and has a relatively high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio (0.705 811). Our data suggest that the andesitic magmas are from a heterogeneous source and likely to result from partial melting of a metasomatized mantle wedge associated with a mixture of subducted oceanic crust and sediment. These melts subsequently underwent fractional crystallization along with minor amounts of crustal assimilation. Our study is consistent with the model that the volcanic host rocks to epithermal gold mineralization in the UDMA are genetically related to late Miocene Neo‐Tethyan slab break‐off beneath Central Iran.     

Wavefield interpolation in 3D large‐step Fourier wavefield extrapolation

Extrapolating wavefields and imaging at each depth during three‐dimensional recursive wave‐equation migration is a time‐consuming endeavor. For efficiency, most commercial techniques extrapolate wavefields through thick slabs followed by wavefield interpolation within each thick slab. In this article, we develop this strategy by associating more efficient interpolators with a Fourier‐transform‐related wavefield extrapolation method. First, we formulate a three‐dimensional first‐order separation‐of‐variables screen propagator for large‐step wavefield extrapolation, which allows for wide‐angle propagations in highly contrasting media. This propagator significantly improves the performance of the split‐step Fourier method in dealing with significant lateral heterogeneities at the cost of only one more fast Fourier transform in each thick slab. We then extend the two‐dimensional Kirchhoff and Born–Kirchhoff local wavefield interpolators to three‐dimensional cases for each slab. The three‐dimensional Kirchhoff interpolator is based on the traditional Kirchhoff formula and applies to moderate lateral velocity variations, whereas the three‐dimensional Born–Kirchhoff interpolator is derived from the Lippmann–Schwinger integral equation under the Born approximation and is adapted to highly laterally varying media. Numerical examples on the three‐dimensional salt model of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists/European Association of Geoscientists demonstrate that three‐dimensional first‐order separation‐of‐variables screen propagator Born–Kirchhoff depth migration using thick‐slab wavefield extrapolation plus thin‐slab interpolation tolerates a considerable depth‐step size of up to 72 ms, eventually resulting in an efficiency improvement of nearly 80% without obvious loss of imaging accuracy. Although the proposed three‐dimensional interpolators are presented with one‐way Fourier extrapolation methods, they can be extended for applications to general migration methods.     

汤加地区地幔结构及俯冲演化的地球动力学研究

汤加的俯冲板块结构复杂,板块形态的起因和形成机制不是很清晰.为了探索其演化,我们借助于板块运动学、海底年龄和关键的大地构造特征,用地球动力学模型模拟了本区域40 Ma之后的俯冲历史.通过研究我们发现,沿着海沟的分布位置,不同的黏度、流体的吸力与浮力比特征控制着板块的力学强度,从而影响着板块的俯冲角度和形态.我们的模型显示在俯冲板块形成前,研究区表面西侧的黏度剖面形成的弱化带为水平低黏度区,它对俯冲的发生有一定的引导作用,高黏度的上覆板块的存在和俯冲导致的地幔流体的吸力降低了俯冲板块的倾角,15°S附近的俯冲板块的分离发生在16-8 Ma之间.最后我们通过匹配实际的构造特征,包括贝尼奥夫带和波速结构剖面,用所得的相关性最佳的模型对本区的地幔结构随时间演化提供探索.     

活性粉末混凝土板抗冲击性能试验研究

为了研究常温养护条件下活性粉末混凝土(RPC)板的抗冲击性能,对3块RPC板和3块普通钢筋混凝土(RC)板进行14 m高度下的落锤冲击试验,利用高速动态采集系统对落锤冲击过程中动态加速度和动态支座反力、混凝土板的应变进行采集,通过记录数据并对比分析了RPC板和RC板抗冲击性能的差异。试验结果表明:与普通RC板相比,RPC板的落锤冲击持续时间明显延长,冲击速度增大,冲量明显增加;冲击加速度峰值、平均冲击力及最大冲击力均减小;RPC板四角所承受的动态反力幅值明显大于RC板;RPC板的最大应变均大于RC板。分析混凝土板的破坏情况,发现RPC板正面接触冲击部位只出现较小的冲击坑,未出现RC板的穿透性破坏,且RPC板背面的裂缝数量均少于RC板,宽度也明显小于RC板。试验结果,表明常温养护条件下RPC板的抗冲击性能明显高于RC板,且随着钢纤维掺量的增加,RPC板的抗冲击性能逐渐增强,相比较于普通混凝土,RPC材料更加适用于受落石冲击危害的地区。     

湘东北新元古代强过铝花岗岩的成因：年代学和地球化学证据

湘东北新元古代强过铝(SP)花岗岩主要由长三背和大围山两个岩体组成,它们的ASI值平均为1.24,LREE 富集,HREE 较为平坦,Eu/Eu~* 平均为0.51,Ba、Nb、Ta、Ti、P亏损,K、Rb、Th 富集,具有S型花岗岩的特征。长三背岩体单颗粒锆石蒸发法~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb 年龄为929±6 Ma,其较老的 Nd模式年龄、2491±2 Ma 残留锆石的年龄表明该地区可能存在新太古代—古元古代的基底。这些花岗岩 CaO/Na_2O 值>0.3,来源于富砂屑质的中元古代冷家溪群浅变质岩的部分熔融,所处的造山带与拉克伦褶皱带一样属于高温型碰撞带。该地区及江南造山带中其他同时代SP花岗岩的带状分布表明它们与地幔柱的活动无关,而是华夏和扬子地块相互碰撞的产物。湘东北花岗岩中镁铁质微花岗岩类包体及岩体附近闪斜煌斑岩的存在,表明其形成可能有基性物质的参与。这些花岗岩属后碰撞花岗岩,其热源可能由俯冲板片裂离导致的软流圈基性岩浆底侵所提供,岩浆上升过程捕获围岩物质,并在地壳中—浅层侵位。