Geochemistry and petrogenesis of an adakitic quartz-monzonitic porphyry stock and related cross-cutting dike suites,Kighal, northwest Iran

A late Oligocene–early Miocene quartz-monzonitic porphyry stock intrudes upper Eocene andesitic-latitic lava flows, producing Cu–Mo mineralization and hydrothermal alteration zones in the Kighal area, northwest Iran. Numerous cross-cutting dikes of various compositions, ranging from quartz-diorite to granodiorite and microdiorite, branch off from three later-stage barren sub-volcanic bodies, and intrude the porphyry stock. Both the stock and comagmatic dikes display I-type, magnesian, calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline signatures and metaluminous to peraluminous geochemical characters, being emplaced within an active continental margin setting. Analysed samples display the typical geochemical characteristics of adakites. Moreover, rare earth elements exhibit a fractionated pattern with low heavy rare earth element concentrations. The general trend in an La/Yb–Yb diagram shows that partial melting, rather than fractional crystallization, was the dominant process of magma generation. Based on the compositional classification of modern adakites, the studied rocks are of high-SiO₂ adakite type. They were generated through low degrees of high-pressure partial melting of subducted rutile- and amphibole-bearing eclogitic Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab. The descending slab underwent break-off, leaving behind a residue rich in garnet + amphibole ± rutile, lacking significant plagioclase. Interaction of the slab-derived magma with the mantle-wedge peridotite is also evident.     

Arc‐nascent back‐arc signature in metabasalts from the Neoarchaean Jonnagiri greenstone terrane,Eastern Dharwar Craton,India

The Neoarchaean Jonnagiri greenstone terrane (JGT) is located at the centre of the arcuate Hutti–Jonnagiri–Kadiri–Kolar composite greenstone belt in the eastern Dharwar Craton. High MgO (MgO = ~14 wt.%; Nb = 0.2 ppm), low Nb (LNB) (MgO = 7.8–12 wt.%; Nb = 0.1–5.1 ppm) and high Nb basalts (HNB) (MgO = 5.6–10.1 wt.%; Nb = 9.0–10.6 ppm) metamorphosed to lower amphibolite facies are identified based on their geochemical compositions. These metabasalts exhibit depleted HFSE (Nb–Ta, Zr–Hf), pronounced LREE and LILE enrichments suggesting contribution from subduction‐related components during their genesis. Th and U enrichment over Nb–Ta indicates influx of fluids dehydrated from subducted oceanic lithosphere. The high MgO basalts with higher Mg# (51) than that of the associated LNB and HNB (Mg# = 34–47) represent early fractionated melts of subduction‐modified mantle peridotite. The LNB were produced by partial melting of mantle wedge metasomatized by slab‐dehydrated fluids, whereas the HNB represents melts of subducted oceanic crust and hybridized mantle wedge. Lower Dy/Yb and variable La/Yb ratios suggest their generation at shallower depth within spinel peridotite stability field. The low Ce–Yb trend of these metabasalts reflects intraoceanic type subduction which straddles the fields of arc and back‐arc basin basalts, resembling the Mariana‐type arc basalts. The Jonnagiri metabasalts were derived in a paired arc‐back‐arc setting marked by nascent back‐arc rift system that developed in the proximity of an intraoceanic arc. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二连盆地北缘晚中生代火山岩Ar-Ar年代、地球化学及构造背景

中国东北二连盆地周缘分布有三组时代不同的晚中生代火山岩,其中早、中期为两套地球化学性质不同的流纹岩,晚期为玄武质火山岩。本文通过测定火山岩基质Ar-Ar同位素年龄,表明早期查干诺尔组流纹岩形成于142Ma,晚期不拉根哈达组基性火山岩形成于129Ma,可见二连盆地北缘晚中生代火山岩时代均为早白垩世。通过对主、微量元素地球化学特征和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究,以及与邻区同期满克头鄂博组英安岩和流纹岩、玛尼吐组英安岩、霍林河地区查干诺尔组英安岩、流纹岩对比,认为早期查干诺尔组流纹岩来源于新成下地壳,岩浆演化过程经历了强烈分异作用;中期流纹岩源区为中上地壳或下地壳岩浆经历了上地壳强烈同化混染作用;晚期不拉根哈达组基性火山岩则源于受俯冲洋壳流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔。结合早白垩世区域岩石圈减薄背景,本文认为研究区早白垩世火山岩形成于陆内伸展构造环境。     

台湾-吕宋岛双火山弧的构造意义

扼要评介了国内外关于台湾-吕宋岛双火山弧在南海沿马尼拉海沟俯冲的动力学过程和俯冲板块深部形态等方面研究的成果;认为目前的动力学模式还不够完善,没有能够对台湾-吕宋岛双火山弧中存在的第四纪火山间断做出合理的解释,为此引入“板片窗”概念,对已经提出的动力学模式进行了修改;并统计1964~2006年发生于菲律宾地区的地震震中位置,认为存在于菲律宾群岛17°~19°N之间的深源地震稀疏带和存在于14°~15°N之间的喇叭状地震稀疏带是地震作用对于南海板片窗构造存在的反映;结合研究区域已有应力场研究资料,认为俯冲的南海亚板块中板片窗两侧俯冲倾角的差异,应该是造成俯冲带内应力分布出现分带现象的原因之一。     

天池抽水蓄能电站上坝址趾板建基面优化研究

通过现场调查结合勘测资料分析了天池抽水蓄能电站上坝址蚀变岩体的分布规律;利用薄片鉴定、电镜扫描及X射线粉晶衍射分析试验对蚀变岩体进行了岩石成分和化学成分分析,研究了蚀变作用的地质成因、蚀变机理,结合室内试验获得了蚀变岩的物理力学指标;利用FLAC3D软件对不同工况、不同高程河床蚀变岩趾板建基面进行了数值分析计算.研究结果表明：在左岸和右岸由于强风化下限埋深不大,建议挖除,趾板建基面选择在中等风化的中条期混合花岗岩上;控制坝基变形的主要地质因素是存在于坝基范围内的断层破碎带F25断层以及断层周围由于蚀变造成的砂状岩芯,对大坝沉降影响不利;河床蚀变岩趾板建基面优化数值模拟研究表明,河床部位以在930～950 m之间作为趾板建基面是适宜的.     

The Plankogel detachment of the Eastern Alps: petrological evidence for an orogen‐scale extraction fault

The so‐called Plankogel detachment is an east‐west trending, south‐dipping low‐angle structure that juxtaposes the high‐P rocks of the eclogite type locality of the eastern European Alps against amphibolite facies rocks to the south. It occurs in both the Saualpe and Koralpe Complex in eastern Austria. During Cretaceous intracontinental subduction, the footwall and the hangingwall units of the Plankogel detachment were buried to different crustal levels as inferred by pseudosection modelling and conventional thermobarometry: ~23–24 kbar and 640–690 °C for the eclogite facies units in the footwall of the detachment and ~12–14 kbar and 550–580 °C for the amphibolite facies metapelites in the hangingwall. Despite the different peak metamorphic conditions, both sides of the detachment display a common overprint at conditions of ~10 kbar and 580–650 °C. From this, we infer a two‐stage exhumation process and suggest that this two‐stage process is best interpreted tectonically in terms of slab extraction during Eoalpine subduction. The first stage of exhumation occurred due to the downward (southward) extraction of a lithospheric slab that was localized in the trace of the Plankogel detachment. The later stage, however, is attributed to more regional erosion‐ or extension‐driven processes. Since the Plankogel detachment is geometrically related to a crustal‐scale shear zone further north (the Plattengneiss shear zone), we suggest that both structures are part of the same extraction fault system along which the syn‐collisional exhumation of the Eoalpine high‐P units of the Eastern Alps occurred. The suggested model is consistent with both the mylonitic texture of the Plattengneiss shear zone and the overall ambiguous shear sense indicators present in the entire region.     

埃达克岩的研究现状及其趋势

达克岩(adakite)是一种中酸性富钠火成岩(安山岩、英安岩、钠质流纹岩及相应的侵入岩),其突出的地球化学特征就是SiO2≥56%,Al2O3≥15%,低重稀土元素(HREE)与Y(如Yb≤1.9×10-6,Y≤18×10-6),高Sr(大多数>400×10-6,La/Yb(≥10.0)与Sr/Y(>20.0～40.0),一般具有正铕异常(少数具有极弱负铕异常).埃达克岩存在两种成因类型:一种由俯冲的年轻(≤25～30Ma)大洋板片熔融形成(O型埃达克岩);另一种由增厚地壳环境中的玄武质下地壳熔融形成(C型埃达克岩).文章从埃达克岩的特征、形成机制、成矿作用、构造背景、动力学意义等几个方面论述了埃达克岩的研究现状,并指出了未来埃达克岩研究的趋势.     

中天山南缘艾尔宾山志留纪侵入岩地球化学特征及地质意义

中天山南缘艾尔宾山地区岩浆活动的产物可能记录着南天山洋盆与伊犁中天山板块的活动,对解决南天山洋盆的俯冲问题具有重要意义。本文对中天山南缘艾尔宾山志留纪花岗岩进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学及同位素年代学研究。对4件样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,该岩体的形成时代为志留纪;研究区岩石具有准铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石特征,为I型花岗岩,岩浆来源可能为下地壳的部分熔融;在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布图上,表现为强烈的右倾近平行的曲线簇。大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、K等明显富集;高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P等强烈亏损,表现出岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征。综合分析认为志留纪侵入岩为火山弧花岗岩,是与洋壳俯冲作用有关的产物。     

Crustal structure, fault segmentation, and activity of the Median Tectonic Line in Shikoku, Japan

We conducted a seismic tomographic analysis to estimate the crustal structure beneath the Shikoku and Chugoku regions in Japan. The Philippine Sea slab (PHS slab) subducts continuously in a SE–NW direction beneath this region, and the crustal structure is complex. Furthermore, the Median Tectonic Line (MTL), one of the longest and most active arc-parallel fault systems in Japan (hereafter, the MTL active fault system), is located in this area, and the right-lateral strike–slip movement of this fault system is related to the oblique subduction of the PHS slab. The MTL active fault system has ruptured repeatedly during the last 10 000 years, and has high seismic potential. Our tomographic analysis clarified the heterogeneous crustal structure along the MTL active fault system. This fault system in Shikoku can be divided into two segments, an east segment and a west segment, on the basis of the velocity structure. This segmentation model is consistent with other such models that have been determined from geological and geomorphological data such as fault geometry, slip rate, and faulting history. This consistency suggests that the surface characteristics of the MTL active fault system are related to structural properties of the crust. In particular, a prominent low-velocity (low-V) zone is present in the lower crust beneath the east segment. Our tomographic images show that the lower crust structure beneath the east segment is obviously different from that of the other segment. Furthermore, this low-V zone may indicate the presence of fluid, possibly related to dehydration of the PHS slab. As the presence of fluid in the lower crust affects the activity of the fault, stress accumulation and the fault failure mechanism may differ between the two segments of the MTL active fault system.     

Geochemistry of Adakites from the Philippines: Constraints on Their Origins

Abstract. We have identified in the Philippine Archipelago 230 samples of Late Miocene to Quaternary intermediate and evolved magmatic rocks or glasses, the compositions of which plot within the adakitic field defined by Defant and Drum-mond (1990) using Sr/Y ratios versus Y contents. These rocks belong to four different subductions, along the Manila Trench (Batan, Northern Luzon, Central Luzon), the Negros and Sulu Trenches (Negros and Western Mindano), the Cotobato Trench (Southern Mindanao) and the Philippine Trench (Eastern Mindanao). Lavas from Central Mindanao overlie the deep remnants of the Molucca Sea Plate, and were emplaced in a post-collision setting.
All these samples show a significant depletion in Y and HREE with respect to their "normal" calc-alkaline equivalents, suggesting that garnet was either a residual phase during partial melting or a fractionating mineral during differentiation or assimilation coupled with fractional crystallisation (AFC). However, only 19 samples out of our set (i.e., 8 %) display very high Sr/Y ratios (100–250). Our preferred model for the genesis of these "typical adakites" is ca. 20 % partial melting of subducted altered oceanic metabasalts converted to eclogite. This melting process could have been triggered by water from the underlying serpentinites. Most of the samples, termed "intermediate adakites", display major and trace element chemical features intermediate between those of the former group and those of normal calc-alkaline lavas. We show that magma mixing between slab-derived adakitic magmas and mafic mantle-derived melts accounts for most of the trends linking typical and intermediate adakites, although an additional contribution of mantle is required in some cases.