华北大陆地壳—上地幔岩石学结构与演化

本文基于出露的前寒武纪变质岩系、中、新生代岩浆活动以及新生代玄武岩中上地幔包体的岩石学与地质压力计研究，结合地球物理测深资料与高温高压下岩石中地震波传播速度的实验成果，提出了华北大陆三个地区(河北平原、太行一五台、鄂尔多斯)的地壳一上地幔岩石学结构，讨论了界面性质及其演化。在强调Vp、 Vs、a结构与岩石学结构共同约束的基础上，有效地识别了不同地区硅铝质陆壳在物质组成上的差异和上地幔低速层或矿物相转变等特征。本文提出壳-幔岩石学结构及其演化，密切地与陆壳主要形成时期的太古一早元古构造岩浆事件相关，又与显生宙构造岩浆事件对它的改造程度有关，壳-幔岩石学结构是我们追索大陆的构造性质及其演化的一个重要记录和科学依据。     

石榴子石的高温塑性：地幔转换带的流变特性

介绍了近年来国际地球物理学界在石榴子石相矿物高温塑性实验研究领域取得的进展和它的意义。这些实验研究进展表明地幔转换带内的富石榴子石岩层的流变强度要大大高于相邻深度的其它矿物相，从而导致地幔转换带流变非均匀性。这种由于矿物组分差异产生的地幔流变性非均匀性对地幔转换带地球动力学特征有着十分重大的影响。首先，石榴子石相矿物在很大程度上决定了那里的强度结构，并控制了地幔转换带的流变性。第二，中、深源地震的成因在很大程度上与石榴子石相矿物流变特性有关，第三，地幔转换带流变的非均匀性将影响到俯冲板块的下插深度和消减过程，最后，对这一课题的未来研究方向和问题作了简单的介绍。     

黑水─泉州地学断面的重磁解释

讨论华南黑水─泉州地学断面的重磁解释。在解释中除应用常规的２．５维重磁异常反演外，还采用等密度线算法构制梯度层密度模型，用于分辨地壳密度细结构，以及计算自由地幔而深度用于分析上地幔密度的横向不均匀性。重磁模拟结果揭示了１０ｋｍ深度内的上地壳构造以及地壳与上地幔密度的分布。提出华南造山带以低密度上地幔为特征，它可能与上地幔的改造有关；四川盆地具有较高的上地幔密度，为未经改造的原始地幔。扬子克拉通与华南造山带的分界线与上地幔密度的分界线一致。根据布格异常、地表岩石密度和地形资料的综合分析，圈定出反映内生成矿作用深部标志的密度倒转区，可作为进一步找矿的远景区。     

Petrogenesis of garnet-bearing ultramafic rocks and associated eclogites in the Su-Lu ultrahigh-P metamorphic terrane, eastern China

Ultramafic blocks that themselves contain eclogite lenses in the Triassic Su-Lu ultrahigh-P terrane of eastern China range in size from hundreds of metres to kilometres. The ultramafic blocks are enclosed in quartzofeldspathic gneiss of early Proterozoic age. Ultramafic rocks include garnetiferous lherzolite, wehrlite, pyroxenite, and hornblende peridotite. Garnet lherzolites are relatively depleted in Al₂O₃ (<3.8wt%), CaO (<3.2%) and TiO₂ (<0.11 wt%), and are low in total REE contents (several p.p.m.), suggesting that the rocks are residual mantle material that was subjected to low degrees of partial melting. The eclogite lenses or layers within the ultramafic rocks are characterized by higher MgO and CaO, lower Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ contents, and a higher CaO/Al₂O₃ ratio compared to eclogites enclosed in the quartzofeldspathic gneiss. Scatter in the plots of major and trace elements vs. MgO, REE patterns and La, Sm and Lu contents suggest that some eclogites were derived from melts formed by various degrees (0.05–0.20) of partial melting of peridotite, and that other eclogites formed by accumulation of garnet and clinopyroxene ± trapped melt in the upper mantle. Both ultramafic and eclogitic rocks have experienced a complex metamorphic history. At least six stages of recrystallization occurred in the ultramafic rocks based on an analysis of reaction textures and mineral compositions. Stage I is a high temperature protolith assemblage of Ol + Opx + Cpx + Spl. Stage II consists of the ultrahigh-pressure assemblage Ol + Cpx + Opx + Grt. Stage III is manifested by the appearance of fine-grained garnet after coarse-grained garnet. Stage IV is characterized by formation of kelyphitic rims of fibrous Opx and Cpx around garnet, and replacement of garnet by spinel and pargasitic-hornblende. Stage V is represented by the assemblage Ol + Opx + Prg-Hbl + Spl. The mineral assemblages of stages VI_A and VI_B are Ol + Tr-Amp + Chl and Serp + Chl ± talc, respectively. Garnet and orthopyroxene all show a decrease in MgO with retrogressive recrystallization and Na₂O in clinopyroxene also decreases throughout this history. Eclogites enclosed within ultramafic blocks consist of Grt + Omp + Rt ± Qtz ± Phn. A few quartz-bearing eclogites contain rounded and oval inclusion of polycrystalline quartz aggregates after coesite in garnet and omphacite. Minor retrograde features include thin symplectic rims or secondary amphiboles after Cpx, and ilmenite after rutile. P-T estimates indicate that the ultrahigh-metamorphism (stage II) of ultramafic rocks occurred at 820-900d? C and 36-41 kbar and that peak metamorphism of eclogites occurred at 730-900d? C and >28 kbar. Consonant with earlier plate tectonic models, we suggest that these rocks were underplated at the base of the continental crust. The rocks then underwent ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and were tectonically emplaced into thickened continental crust during the Triassic collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons.     

山东金伯利岩蒙山矿(mathiasite)研究的新进展──上地幔含大阳离子Cr、Ti、Fe氧化物矿物研究之三

本文回顾了国内外金伯利岩及其它地幔岩中发现的K、Ba、Ca、REE的Ti-Cr－Fe－Mg氧化物矿物的研究现状，包括沂蒙矿系列、蒙山矿系列及柱红石系列。在此基础上概括性地总结了笔者近一、二年对山东蒙阴金伯利岩中蒙山矿矿物所进行的微区矿物学方向研究取得的最新进展，包括：①揭示了K、Ba、Ca、REE等半径较大的元素在蒙山矿中的不均匀分布特点；②首次在金伯利岩中发现了蒙山矿系列矿物的Ca端元——Ca蒙山矿及K－Ba－Ca三个端元蒙山矿在同一矿物颗粒中的共存现象；③进行了高分辨透射电镜工作，拍摄了晶格条纹象，从而完善了蒙山矿的晶体结构资料；④确定了蒙山矿后期熔融交代形成的多种矿物相。这些研究成果，证实了地幔交代作用的存在和复杂性，应引起矿物岩石学界的充分重视。     

逐步波形反演方法及应用

本文针对天然地震波形反演面临的困难及其复杂性，提出了逐步波形反演方法，第一步，运用波形反演中的试错法，求得地震台站下方成层介质的初步结构；第地一步，以第一步结果为初值，令各层厚度不变，反演速度；第三步，以第二步结果为初值，令速度不变，反演厚度。以上各步还可交替进行，直至得到满意结果。     

上地幔的岩石组构和各向异性

着重介绍了上地幔各向异性及其成因,研究内容和方法,各向异性研究的地球动力学意义,并强调指出橄榄石和辉石在塑性固态流动过程中产生的晶格优选方位或组构是导致上地幔各向异性最主要原因。     

宁乡县云影窝含金刚石钾镁煌斑岩地质特征

宁乡云影窝地区,共发现钾镁煌斑岩体27个,其中岩管6个。可分为岩浆型和火山碎屑型两个岩相,金云透辉橄榄钾镁煌斑岩、透辉金云橄榄钾镁煌斑岩及钾镁煌斑岩质火山角砾岩、钾镁煌斑岩质碎屑角砾岩四种类型.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅴ号岩管含微粒金刚石。共发现××颗。这一发现,标志着湖南原生金刚石普查找矿已取得重大进展。