AutoCAD 及 MapGIS 软件二次开发实现南方 CASS 与 MapGIS 数据转换

简要介绍在全国第二次土地调查（城镇部分）工作中,运用Visual C＃程序语言、AutoCAD和MapGIS软件的二次开发技术,实现了南方CASS数据和MapGIS数据的无缝转换。     

基于RS和GIS的区域可持续发展实践探讨——以陕西省为例

以陕西省为例,以各城市综合指标为权重计算加权Voronoi图,与陕西省行政区划图比较,研究陕西省的可持续发展能力,探讨RS和GIS作为一种数据获取手段和空间分析工具,在区域可持续发展研究中的作用。结果表明,RS和GIS可以很好地为区域可持续发展服务。     

“智慧利民”数字开发区建设及实际应用

＂数字开发区＂的理念就是把开发区作为一个生态系统,其中的居民、交通、能源、商业、通信、水资源等构成一个整体,各部分相互联系、彼此影响。本文简要介绍了＂智慧利民＂数字开发区建设及实际应用情况。     

大比例尺地形图在地理国情普查中的应用探讨

地理国情普查最主要的内容是地表覆盖分类与重要地理国情要素,其中地表覆盖主要基于遥感或航空影像影像进行分割、分类,解译出地表覆盖物的类型,以便从地理的角度进行统计分析。大比例尺地形图具有地表覆盖物与地理要素丰富信息的特点,本文结合生产实践探索出一套大比例尺地形图数据应用于地理国情普查的有效技术方法。     

自然资源资产管理的国际进展及主要建议

自然资源是经济社会发展的物质基础和空间载体,加强自然资源资产管理是适应深化自然资源管理制度改革的现实需要。本文在对比分析国内外自然资源资产管理现状的基础上,剖析了国内自然资源管理中存在的主要问题,提出了加强研究典型国家自然资源资产管理的经验、加快编制我国自然资源资产负债表、加紧落实健全国家自然资源资产管理体制等方面的建议。     

Carrying Capacity of Marine Region in Liaoning Province

Carrying capacity is one of important studies on coordinating development of population,resources,and environment.At present,the researches on it mainly concentrate on the carrying capacity for population and economy,such as the water resources carrying capacity,the land resources carrying capacity,the environment carrying capacity,etc.Based on the related theories and methods,this paper creatively proposed the concept and meaning of carrying capacity of marine region,and formed the appraisal system.According to the developing situation of marine economy of Liaoning Province in recent years,and by employing the method of the state space,this paper also measured the carrying capacity and carrying state of marine region and discussed the sustainable problems of marine economy of Liaoning.The research results show that the carrying state of marine region of Liaoning is in the state of overloading at present,but taking a favorable turn.     

山东省地热资源及勘查开发对策

山东省山地丘陵区及平原区均有地热显示,地热资源蕴藏量较丰富。长期以来,由于全省地热资源缺乏统一规划,造成地下热水乱采现象普遍的不良局面,且利用方式单一,对资源造成严重浪费。有些地区还出现了诸如热储水位持续下降、水环境污染等地质环境问题。因此,只有研究制定科学的地热资源勘查开发规划,才能保证地热资源的可持续综合开发利用。     

Fiji’s fisheries: their contribution to development and their future

The industrial fisheries of Fiji have had mixed fortunes. The fresh fish export industry has grown rapidly in importance so that fisheries is now the third most valuable export industry; its positive effect on the economy is mainly in the increase in the purchase of goods and services, such as air freight. The present ‘hands off’ policy by government in the fresh fish export industry should continue until the industry matures. In the longer run, ad valorem royalties should be considered as a mean of capturing resource rents. The government-owned export cannery has been in financial decline, and the maintenance of the social benefits of regional employment generated by the cannery has come at a high cost to government coffers. The future of the cannery, now leased to a private operator, is clouded by the uncertainty of the continuity of concessional access to European markets beyond the year 2000. The main task faced by government is the management of fisheries and fish stocks. The management of the inshore fisheries — vital to the needs of a large proportion of the population — needs additional resources. The capability for management of the industrial fisheries, necessary to maximise long term public benefits, would be enhanced by full cost recovery through a user pays policy. This article is based on a paper presented to the Fiji Update seminar, held at the National Centre for Development Studies, the Australian National University, Canberra, on 19 June 1998. The author wishes to thank Mr Krishna Swamy, Senior Fisheries Officer in the Fiji Fisheries Division, and Mr Grahame Southwick, Managing Director of the Fiji Fish Company Ltd, for their generous provision of information for the preparation of this paper; and Mr Joeli Veitayaki, Coordinator of the Ocean Resources Management Programme, University of the South Pacific, for helpful comments. Any errors or omissions are the author’s responsibility, however.     

The art of adaptation: Living with climate change in the rural American Southwest

As adaptation has come to the forefront in climate change discourse, research, and policy, it is crucial to consider the effects of how we interpret the concept. This paper draws attention to the need for interpretations that foster policies and institutions with the breadth and flexibility to recognize and support a wide range of locally relevant adaptation strategies. Social scientists have argued that, in practice, the standard definition of adaptation tends to prioritize economic over other values and technical over social responses, draw attention away from underlying causes of vulnerability and from the broader context in which adaptive responses take place, and exclude discussions of inequality, justice, and transformation. In this paper, we discuss an alternate understanding of adaptation, which we label “living with climate change,” that emerged from an ethnographic study of how rural residents of the U.S. Southwest understand, respond to, and plan for weather and climate in their daily lives, and we consider how it might inform efforts to develop a more comprehensive definition. The discussion brings into focus several underlying features of this lay conception of adaptation, which are crucial for understanding how adaptation actually unfolds on the ground: an ontology based on nature–society mutuality; an epistemology based on situated knowledge; practice based on performatively adjusting human activities to a dynamic biophysical and social environment; and a placed-based system of values. We suggest that these features help point the way toward a more comprehensive understanding of climate change adaptation, and one more fully informed by the understanding that we are living in the Anthropocene.     

Educating the compassionate water engineer–a remedy to avoid future water management failures? / Former des spécialistes de l’eau citoyens–une solution pour éviter de futurs échecs en gestion de l’eau?

Abstract

Abstract The number of local and regional-scale water management failures appears steadily to increase despite an apparently higher level of engineering solutions at hand. The objective of this paper is to examine the challenges the existing education system needs to meet in order to produce water engineers capable of responding to the complexity of contemporary and future water problems in relation to societal needs. The next generation of water engineers may stay in their professional functions until 2040 or 2050. It is likely that in this period more critical water management and environmental problems will be experienced than have been encountered so far. The question then arises whether the present water engineers have the proper background education to understand environmental, hydrological, ecological and socio-economic problems to resolve related water management problems. Future water engineers must, to a greater extent, include socio-economic consequences in planned and/or designed water management systems and convey greater transparency regarding risks and societal effects.