Groundwater for urban water supplies in northern China – An overview

 Groundwater plays an important role for urban and industrial water supply in northern China. More than 1000 groundwater wellfields have been explored and installed. Groundwater provides about half the total quantity of the urban water supply. Complete regulations and methods for the exploration of groundwater have been established in the P.R. China. Substantial over-exploitation of groundwater has created environmental problems in some cities. Some safeguarding measures for groundwater-resource protection have been undertaken. Received, August 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998     

赣南地区生态环境与经济发展初步研究

赣南地区可划分为三个自然生态环境区,即：东、南部山地丘陵区、中部盆地丘陵区及西部山地丘陵区。从全区范围来说,单位耕地面积创造的农业产值与森林覆盖率呈显著正相关;而目前中部盆地丘陵区内的工业发展及西部山地丘陵区的农业发展与区内森林植被覆盖率呈负相关。     

水资源持续利用系统规划

基于可持续发展概念,构思了一个新型水资源系统持续利用规划的理论框架。其中包括:现行水资源系统规划(含环境影响评价)的缺陷、新型水资源系统规划的指导思想和原则、不同层次规划的任务与内容、坝址及水库容量选择,以及水资源持续利用的综合评价。     

走向21世纪的矿产资源开发工作需引入绿色伦理观念

面对种种严重的全球性危机,世纪之交的人类正经历一场人地关系观念的变革,绿色伦理就是在这场变革中提出的一种崭新观念。本文试图对绿色伦理做深一步的探讨和阐述,并将人类社会的这一全新观念引入矿产资源开发工作,提出以绿色伦理为基础的矿产开发的新价值观、新考评标准以及目前矿产资源管理方面急需解决的问题。     

姚楼井田B煤防水煤岩柱留设研究

根据姚楼井田地质勘探所取得的资料,分析了Ｂ煤开采上覆岩土层的水文地质结构及工程地质特征,对该井田厚松散层含水层下近露头带开采的防水煤岩柱尺寸作出了评价,为开采设计提供了初步依据。     

Problems in the calibration of an acoustic device for the observation of bedload transport

Developments in theoretical and empirical modelling of bedload transport processes are hindered by the lack of an adequate data base for testing or establishing the models. Conventional methods of measuring bedload transport rates fail to provide the necessary continuous or frequent record of variations at a single section. Acoustic techniques have the potential to overcome this deficiency, but their application has been very limited. Some of the problems of calibrating an acoustic device in the field and in a laboratory flume are discussed, and a possible circuit design described which might minimize calibration difficulties by automatically subtracting the noise generated by flow turbulence.     

少数民族地区资源开发中的利益共享机制研究——以云南兰坪矿产资源为例

矿产资源的开发是一个涉及多个利益主体的经济行为,利益分配是矿产资源开发相关利益主体关注的焦点问题,如何实现利益的共享成为少数民族地区可持续发展的关键。从云南兰坪矿产资源开发中存在的问题出发,通过对矿产资源开发利益主体的重新认识,提出建立共享机制的措施,从而建立适合少数民族地区的资源开发共享机制,最终促进少数民族地区经济可持续发展。     

基于Windows 2003远程终端服务的气象信息共享平台的开发和应用

Windows 2003 Server提供的远程终端服务功能实现了多用户同时操作,远程终端多用户通过远程终端功能可以同时在远程终端服务上运行程序、保存文件和使用网络资源等,为业务应用提供了便捷.介绍利用Windows Server 2003远程终端(包括远程桌面和终端服务),开发了气象业务中多用户共享MICAPS20、雷达PUP产品及其它气象应用系统的信息服务平台,在实际应用中发挥了很好的应用效果.     

Rainfall,runoff and shallow groundwater response in a mixed-use,agro-forested watershed of the northeast,USA

Stream and shallow groundwater responses to rainfall are characterized by high spatial variability, but hydrologic response variability across small, agro-forested sub-catchments remains poorly understood. Conceivably, improved understanding in this regard will result in agricultural practices that more effectively limit nutrient runoff, erosion, and pollutant transport. Terrestrial hydrologic response approaches can provide valuable information on stream-aquifer connectivity in these mixed-use watersheds. A study was implemented, including eight stream and co-located shallow groundwater monitoring sites, in a small sub-catchment of the Chesapeake Bay watershed in the Northeast, USA to advance this ongoing need. During the study period, 100 precipitation-receiving days (i.e., 24-hour periods, midnight to midnight) were observed. On average, the groundwater table responded more to precipitation than stream stage (level change of 0.03 vs. 0.01 m and rainfall-normalized level change estimate of 3.81 vs. 3.37). Median stream stage responses, groundwater table responses, and response ratios were significantly different between sub-catchments (n = 8; p < 0.001). Study area average precipitation thresholds for runoff and shallow groundwater flow were 2.8 and 0.6 cm, respectively. Individual sub-catchment thresholds ranged from 0.5 to 2.8 cm for runoff and 0.2 to 1.3 cm for shallow groundwater flow. Normalized response lag times between the stream and shallow groundwater ranged from −0.50 to 3.90 s·cm⁻¹, indicating that stormflow in one stream section was regulated by groundwater flow during the period of study. The observed differences in hydrologic responses to precipitation advance future modelling efforts by providing examples of how terrestrial groundwater response methods can be used to investigate sub-catchment spatial variability in stream-aquifer gradients with co-located shallow groundwater and stream stage data. Additionally, results demonstrate asynchronous stream and shallow groundwater responses on precipitation-receiving days, which may hold important implications for modelling hydrologic and biogeochemical fate and transport processes in small, agro-forested catchments.     

矿产资源的最适耗竭与可持续发展

为了能使矿产资源可持续利用与发展,解决矿产资源市场需求与资源节约利用需求的矛盾,从矿产资源可持续发展实质研究入手,利用利导因子和限制因子互为制约的关系以及矿产资源发展的阶段特性,确定矿产资源发展曲线,建立矿产资源可持续发展机制。通过对最佳开采速度静态模型和动态模型的研究,认为最佳开采速度是影响矿产资源最适耗竭能否实现的关键因素,以此确定系统函数关系和系统变量。运用最适耗竭理论中的最佳开采速度和福利函数,建立矿产资源最适耗竭模型,以实现矿产资源可持续利用与发展。