层序地层学方法及其在陆相湖盆研究中的应用

针对中国中、新生代陆相湖盆的特征,从沉积盆地的构造和边缘背景对海相层序地层的影响出发,讨论了湖水面相对变化、沉积物供给、气候等对湖相层序地层的控制作用,明确指出两种背景条件具有本质差异,海相层序地层学方法不能简单套用于内陆盆地分析。     

黄土孔隙性分类判别的人工神经网络方法

运用人工神经网络的一典型模型——“反向传播”神经网络,对洛川黄土孔隙性的实测数据进行了分析,建立了洛川黄土孔隙性预测的计算机智能专家系统。结果表明,神经网络方法性能良好,可望成为黄土孔隙性分类、判别的有效辅助手段。     

武夷山古环境的变迁与土壤发育的关系

在综合研究了武夷山主峰黄岗山的地质、地貌、植被、气候及第四纪孢粉分析资料后认为,黄岗山在晚第三纪至第四纪的数百万年间,曾经历了至少三次断块抬升运动,每次抬升幅度300—400m,总上升量可达千米之巨。黄岗山的土壤之所以在若干重要分类指标上产生变异,其原因很可能是古环境遗留的特征仍居主导地位,近代成土作用只不过是在原来脱硅富铝化基础上的附加成土过程。     

世界工程地质学的新潮流

本文论述近几年国际国内工程地质大会研究的重点主题及其变化以及最近(今年8月在日本东京)召开的29届国际地质大会讨论的环境问题,从而反映了世界工程地质学研究的趋势。     

新疆石河子南山洼地地下水库及开发利用建议

本文描述了石河子南山洼地中库容量为140×10~8m~3的地下水库,并提出建立水源地开采14m~3/s流量地下水的建议。     

宝鸡市地质灾害特征及形成主要因素分析

介绍了宝鸡市地质灾害的类型、规模及特征,并着重分析了宝鸡市地质灾害形成的主要因素。认为虽然造成区内地质灾害发生的因素甚多,但近年来大多与人为因素诱发有关。因此,在国土开发和国民经济建设中,应重视对地质环境的保护,避免因人类不适宜的活动而诱发地质灾害。     

对太白山旅游资源开发与保护的探讨

太白山具有丰富而独特的地质、生物和自然景观,气势磅礴、变化万千,而为古今中外科学家和文人学士所向往。太白山第四纪冰川遗迹保存完整;生物资源丰富多彩,仅珍稀动物如熊猫、金丝猴、羚牛、大鲵(娃娃鱼)等就有10多种。太白山已被列为国家级自然保护区。对该区旅游资源必须在切实加强保护的前提下合理开发利用,为此,本文对其开发与保护规划提出探讨性意见。     

拉尔玛矿床的自然金研究

本文在总结拉尔玛矿床中自然金及共生矿物一般特点的基础上,对自然金的矿物学和化学组成进行了较系统地研究。提出了决定自然金形成及在矿石、矿物中配分的主要地质因素。     

Study on terrestiral noise in data of geomagnetic total field in North China

The terrestrial noise in the differencial data of geomagnetic total field recorded at 21h in North China was fitted by using the geomagnetic vector data from Beijing Observatory. The terrestrial noise level and its spatial feature in this region was discussed. A method, which may be useful for justifying the quality of fitting, was provided in this paper. The analysis indicates that the terrestrial noise is one of the important noise in tectonomagnetic study. It is shown that the susceptibility effect is quite small and the orientation effect is the main component in the terrestrial noise in North China. The rough spatial feature of the magnetic anomaly in crustal substance was infered from the spatial feature of terrestrial noise. The measurement precision and the source noise level of data at 21h in this region were obtained in the analysis of residual noise. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 441–447, 1993.     

Evaluating the effect of land development on sediment transport using a probability density function

An important problem in sedimentation analysis is the development of a channel section that preserves, as best as possible, the current sedimentation regime even though the flood frequency tendencies have been altered due to land development within the catchment. In order to accomplish this task, a methodology is needed that estimates sediment transport capacity for various channel configurations. Such a procedure is described which allows the computation of the total sediment transport capacity for each of several T-year return frequency runoff hydrographs. This information is used to obtain an approximate probability distribution for the total sediment transport capacity, and the mean and standard deviation of this distribution are computed.Comparing the results for the catchment in its present state with a future developed state, using a selection of new channel parameters, indicates how to improve the channel to control changes in sedimentation due to development. The analysis procedure provides a basis for estimating a new channel configuration such that the new flow conditions retain, as best as possible, the existing condition sedimentation effects, and hence retain the natural sediment supply and transport trends even though runoff flow rates have changed due to land development within the catchment.The results of Wilson Creek are typical of the several sites examined, see Table 3 below. The T=2, T=5, T=25, and T=100 year values for total sediment transport capacity, in kilotons, are 6.9, 39.4, 61.3, and 96.7 with a mean of 17.1 and standard deviation of 19.3. After development with no change in the channel the respective values increase to: 17.9, 84.6, 128.1, and 258.0 with a mean of 39.1 and standard deviation of 44.3. A new channel can be constructed which will reduce these sediment transport capacity values, after development, to 5.2, 41.0, 62.0, and 124.8 with a mean of 17.4 and standard deviation of 22.0.